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College of Design

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    Using Anthropometric Measurements to Design Ergonomic Infant and Toddler Gear
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2019-12-05) Pardue, Emily Louisa
    Infants grow so quickly that gear can have a shockingly short life span. Parents often do a quick calculation before purchases: divide the cost by how many months it will be used. Thus, products that are meant to “grow-with-me” or last for multiple infant stages are extremely desirable. Infant-to-toddler rockers are an example of this type of product. However, the researchers have found that the current infant-to-toddler rocker models on the market could be improved. The goal of this project was to use anthropometric data of children to design an ergonomic infant-to-toddler rocker. Anthropometric data was collected on 58 children in order to properly size a new design for a rocker which lasts from 0 to 36 months old. Researchers also found based on parent interviews, a survey, and child interactions, that the needs of infants are very different from the needs of toddlers. Infants are still developing muscle tone, and it is important for them to be supported in a semi-reclined position. Toddlers are extremely active and need a device which allows them to ingress and egress independently. Concepts were developed, and prototypes built to demonstrate the new concepts. These prototypes were then tested with parents and children to gather feedback and improve designs. The final design is an ergonomic rocker which adjusts in size and recline angle to serve the infants that need to be secure and reclined, as well as the ambulatory toddlers.
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    Developing body gesture interaction guidelines with passenger elicitation for adjusting highly automated vehicle dynamics
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2019-05-21) Lin, Hongnan
    Highly Automated Vehicles (HAVs) could provide better safety, convenience, and eco-friendliness. However, realizing those benefits depends on not only the technical breakthrough but also the extent of people’s usage, which is significantly influenced by whether HAV driving styles match passengers’ preference. Therefore, this research studies user-elicited whole-body gestures for communicating the intention of adjusting vehicle dynamics in HAVs to provide design implications for the corresponding human-machine interaction (HMI). The study was based on user-elicitation gesture design method that immersed participants in HAV riding scenarios with a virtual reality (VR) simulator and elicited their gesture design for adjusting vehicle dynamics in HAV. The HAV driving scenarios, stemming from the literature on future HAV use cases and HAV ride plots, consist of three different road profiles and 15 discomfort-inducing plots. Participants were required to perform gesture interaction when they felt unsatisfied with the vehicle dynamics while experiencing the scenarios, report their interaction intentions and rationale of their gesture design after experiencing the scenarios, and draw down their interface need if there was. The user test (N=12) produced five kinds of intentions, at least one gesture design accompanied by explanations for each intention from each participant, and 12 sets of HMI design sketches. Based on the analysis of collected data, a taxonomy of whole-body gesture interaction for adjusting HAV dynamics was proposed. It was demonstrated that consensus existed among the participants on the gesture design. According to the consensus extent, an end-user generated gesture set was constructed. This paper highlights the implications of this work to the design of HAV HMI that assists passengers with communicating their intention of adjusting vehicle dynamics.
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    Online industrial design studio experience design for graduate students
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2019-05-13) Zhao, Xue
    The advantages of online learning are its flexibility, accessibility, and interactivity that enable students to access learning materials and services from anywhere at any time. Those benefits make online design education no longer a novel concept. As the center of design education, online studio education is currently being discussed broadly by researchers. However, the difficulties of involving physical product development have made industrial design online studio a total blank area. To fill in the gap and create an effective learning experience leveraging current technologies, an LMS-based course model of an online industrial design studio integrating 3D printing and shipping service was proposed based on the understanding of characteristics of industrial design education, online learning, as well as LMS systems. A testable prototype was developed on Canvas based on the model, and the usability of the prototype was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of this evaluation indicate that this online industrial design studio has potential to deliver an equivalent learning experience although the usability of the current system should be further improved. Based on the feedback from the evaluation, the prototype was revised, and a guideline for delivering online industrial studio was created.
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    Analysis of tactical artifacts within the NPU environment to help residents resist gentrification
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2019-05-13) Harris, Shawn L.
    Gentrification is a systematic, socio-economic development that has existed as an area of concern within the field of urban design for decades. The most negative impact of this process is its displacement of low-income residents who often find housing unaffordable due to the presence of new commercial developments. This effect, which leads way to an erasure of unique culture and identity, disproportionately affects predominantly-minority communities in Atlanta such as the neighborhoods of English Avenue and Vine City. The creation of Atlanta’s historical Neighborhood Planning Unit (NPU) system was designed to support disenfranchised communities like these through the creation of a local civic structure where neighborhoods could voice their support, or lack thereof, on local issues relating to licensing, zoning, and land-use. For English Avenue and Vine City, which make up NPU-L, an NPU meeting creates an opportunity for local residents to participate in creating collective resistance to the recent development proposed by commercial stakeholders not only seeking approval from city government but looking to use neighborhood land. While anti-gentrification efforts are often considered from perspectives centered in law, public policy, and city-planning, this study looks to try and approach this large systematic issue using competencies that are relevant to the field and practice of design. The aim of this thesis study is to explore and understand design’s capability to effectively approach the complex, systematic issue of gentrification through the study of the NPU environment and the development of a viable, contextual design solution which could be impactful for the residents of the NPU-L environment. Through the application of design research methods, artifacts used within these meeting spaces have been identified and analyzed for their influence on civic participation. In determining how design can provide support for the civic discourse in this NPU environment, the design recommendations proposed from this study will ideally present more opportunity for development of design solutions in this and other communities also affected by gentrification.
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    Enhanced signaling system design for 125cc motorcycles
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2019-05-13) Hou, Xianda
    The sales and popularity of small-displacement motorcycles has been increasing. With this, the fatality rate per 100 million vehicle miles traveled has been increasing since year 2013. A great amount of accidents involved with motorcycles were involved with not being able to communicate with other traffic participants or misunderstanding the motorcycle driver’s intention when the right of way is involved. The enhanced signaling system design uses light and sound signal to deliver the message from the motorcycle driver. The VR usability test shown that by using this system, the pedestrians can understand the intension of motorcycle drivers faster and more accurate.
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    Lookie here! Designing interventional user interfaces for conditional self-driving vehicles
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2019-04-26) Nair, Pranav
    In this paper we investigated whether providing directional alerts to a user’s active screen can augment their ability to regain situational awareness when traveling in a conditional autonomous (Level 3) vehicle. A user study (N=15) was conducted in the lab environment with a driving simulator, where users were distracted by playing a game on a mobile device. A non-directional alert was compared to two separate directional alerts: the central user interface (UI) and the peripheral UI. One located at the center, and one located at the periphery of the participant’s vision while they were focused on the mobile device screen, to understand whether direction data can assist the user. Although there were no significant differences in reaction times, participants perceived themselves performing better when provided with directional alerts. Our findings imply that directional user interfaces have the potential to reduce overall cognitive load and lead to better user experiences for passengers of self-driving vehicles.
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    In-seat activity of wheelchair users measured over multiple epochs dataset
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2019-01-18) Sprigle, Stephen ; Sonenblum, Sharon ; Feng, Chen
    Pressure ulcers, by definition, are caused by external forces on the tissues, often in the regions of bony prominences. Wheelchair users are at risk to develop sitting-acquired pressure ulcers, which occur in the regions of the ischial tuberosities, sacrum/coccyx or greater trochanters. As a means to prevent pressure ulcers, instruction on performing pressure reliefs or weight shifts are a part of the rehabilitation process. The objective of this study was to monitor the weight shift activity of full-time wheelchair users with acute spinal cord injury over multiple epochs of time in order to determine consistency or routine within and across epochs. A second objective was to evaluate the accuracy of self-reported pressure relief frequency within each measurement epoch. A wheelchair in-seat activity monitor was used to measure weight shifts and other in-seat movement. The data was classified into multiple in-seat activity metrics using machine learning. Seventeen full-time wheelchair users with spinal cord injury were measured within multiple epochs, each lasting more than 1 week. Across all in-seat activity metrics, no consistent pattern of activity changes emerged. None of the in-seat activity metric changed in any one direction across a majority of subjects. Subjects tended to over-estimate their frequency of performing pressure reliefs. Self-reported pressure relief behaviors are not reliable, and therefore, cannot be used to evaluate preventative behaviors either clinically or within research. This study had the capability of fully investigating in-seat movements of wheelchair users. The results indicated that in-seat movement does not reflect a routine, either in pressure reliefs, weight shifts or other functional in-seat movements. This study has illustrated the complexity of assigning causation of pressure ulcer occurrence to seated behaviors of wheelchair users and identifies the need for improved clinical techniques designed to develop routine behaviors to prevent pressure ulcers.
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    Video: Skeletal Displacement and Shear Strain Example During Head of Bed Elevation
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2019) Sonenblum, Sharon E. ; Sprigle, Stephen
    This realtime MRI video demonstrates the caudal displacement of the spine relative to the skin when the head of the bed is elevated 30 degrees. Friction with the sheets keeps the skin from slipping. This video is a great teaching tool to demonstrate internal shear strain in the adipose near the sacrum and coccyx, and it serves as a nice counterpart to the published article: Sprigle, S. and S. Sonenblum, Visualizing Tissue Strain Under the Sacrum and Coccyx in Different Supine Postures: A Case Series. Adv Skin Wound Care, 2019, in which static measurements of skeletal displacement are reported.
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    Video Demonstrations of Component- and Systems-Level Test Methods for Wheelchair Propulsion Characterization
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2018-11) Huang, Morris ; Misch, Jacob ; Sprigle, Stephen
    The five videos included in this repository demonstrate the fundamental test methods used to characterize performance of various wheelchair components. The Anatomical Model Propulsion System (AMPS) was designed to emulate the weight distribution and force application of a human wheelchair user. Three canonical maneuvers were identified to quantify the effects of rolling resistance, drive wheel scrub, and caster swivel. The ‘AMPS straight.mp4’ file shows the straight maneuver. ‘AMPS left FW turn.mp4’ demonstrates a fixed-wheel turn, where one wheel is locked and scrubbing against the floor as the chair drives the other wheel. The ‘AMPS CCW.mp4’ shows an alternating zero-radius maneuver designed to cause caster swivel by driving the wheels in opposing directions. Also included in this directory are videos representing the standalone coast-down and scrub torque component tests. ‘Caster Wheel Coast-down Test Video.m4v’ shows the coast-down cart loaded with weights and instrumented with accelerometers to log the deceleration of the cart. This test measures the force of rolling resistance acting on the cart. The final video, ‘scrub test demo.mp4’, shows the test rig used to measure scrub torque. A ZwickRoell materials testing machine pulls the steel cable attached to a pulley system, which rotates the load arm and effectively scrubs the tile or carpet swatch against the fixed wheel. These videos were taken in 2017 to use as demonstrations for future researchers and collaborators. More information can be found in Morris Huang’s dissertation located at http://hdl.handle.net/1853/59253.
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    Encourage sedentary workers' active seating through product design
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2018-07-31) Ni, Chenan
    The purpose of this project is to design a perturbation system for encouraging active sitting. This product would improve the physical environment within which the sedentary workers work and reduce their incidence of musculoskeletal discomfort. Specifically, the sedentary workers would be able to slightly shift postures without being disturbed by the device through an intervention, therefore, encouraging in-seat movement.