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SimTigrate Design Lab

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Designing for Effective and Safe Multidisciplinary Primary Care Teamwork: Using the Time of COVID-19 as a Case Study

2021-08 , Lim, Lisa , Zimring, Craig , DuBose, Jennifer R. , Lee, Jaehoon , Stroebel, Robert J. , Matthews, Marc R. , Georgia Institute of Technology. SimTigrate Design Lab , Georgia Institute of Technology. College of Design , Texas Tech University. College of Architecture , Mayo Clinic. Rochester, MN

Effective medical teamwork can improve the effectiveness and experience of care for staff and patients, including safety. Healthcare organizations, and especially primary care clinics, have sought to improve medical teamwork through improved layout and design, moving staff into shared multidisciplinary team rooms. While co-locating staff has been shown to increase communi-cation, successful designs balance four teamwork needs: face-to-face communications; situational awareness; heads-down work; perception of teamness. However, precautions for COVID-19 make it more difficult to conduct face-to-face communications. In this paper we describe a model for un-derstanding how layout affects these four teamwork needs and describe how the perception of teamwork by staff changed after COVID-19 precautions were put in place. Observations, interviews and two standard surveys were conducted in two primary care clinics before COVID-19 and again in 2021 after a year of precautions. In general, staff felt more isolated and found it more difficult to conduct brief consults, though these perceptions varied by role. RNs, who spent more time on the phone, found it convenient to work part time-from home, while medical assistants found it more difficult to find providers in the distanced clinics. These cases suggest some important considera-tions for future clinic designs, including greater physical transparency that also allow for physical separation and more spaces for informal communication that are distanced from workstations.

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The Effect of Light on Sleep and Sleep-Related Physiological Factors Among Patients in Healthcare Facilities: A Systematic Review

2019 , Hadi, Khatereh , DuBose, Jennifer R. , Choi, Young-Seon , Georgia Institute of Technology. College of Design , Georgia Institute of Technology. SimTigrate Design Lab , Kyungil University. Department of Architecture

Lighting is one of the environmental factors which can improve patient sleep in healthcare environments. Many research studies have been published on this topic, but due to the high degree of variation in study designs and results, the implications have been difficult to interpret. This review aims to consolidate studies on the impact of bright light exposure on sleep in order to present the most effective lighting conditions and characteristics that can be further applied and researched in future healthcare environments.

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안전한 환경을 제공하기 위한 바이오 봉쇄병실 설계 전략 - Design Strategies for Biocontainment Units: Creating Safer Environments

2020 , Matić, Zorana , Humphreys, Benton , DuBose, Jennifer , Georgia Institute of Technology. College of Design , Georgia Institute of Technology. SimTigrate Design Lab , Lim, Lisa , Oh, Yeinn , Lim, Lisa , Oh, Yeinn

본 공개 보고서는 SimTigrate Design Lab 에서 지난 4년간 바이오 봉쇄병실 (Bio-containment Unit, BCU) 설계에 대해 연구해온 결과를 요약한 것입니다. 본 문서는 디자이너들(건축가와 실내 건축가) 과 시설관리자, 그리고 설계 연구자들에게 보다 안전하고 효율적인 BCU을 디자인하기 위한 전략을제공하고자 합니다. 여기에서 제공되는 설계 전략들이 현재 그리고 미래의 BCU 디자인에 반영되길 적극권장하는 바입니다.

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生物传染控制护理单元（Bio-Containment Unit）： 从病人和医护人员的安全角度设计

2020 , Matić, Zorana , Humphreys, Benton , DuBose, Jennifer , Georgia Institute of Technology. College of Design , Georgia Institute of Technology. SimTigrate Design Lab , Cai, Hui , Cai, Hui

本文对美国相关的生物传染控制护理单元的研究和设计进行了收集整理，希望可以对中国的医疗设计有所帮助。本文着重翻译并介绍佐治亚理工学院建筑系的SimTigrate医疗设计实验室与埃默里大学和乔治亚州立大学共同研究发布的生物传染控制护理单元（Bio-Containment Unit）设计白皮书 （Matić, Humphreys, DuBose, 2020），并结合几个案例来解释生物传染控制护理单元的核心设计要素。

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Lighting the patient room of the future: Evaluating different lighting conditions from the patient perspective

2021 , DuBose, Jennifer R. , Davis, Robert G. , Campiglia, Gabrielle , Wilkerson, Andrea , Zimring, Craig , Georgia Institute of Technology. SimTigrate Design Lab , Georgia Institute of Technology. College of Design , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

This study explores whether “future” lighting systems that provide greater control and opportunity for circadian synchronization are acceptable to participants in the role of patients.Tunable, dimmable light emitting diode(LED)systems provide multiple potential benefits for healthcare. They can provide significant energy savings, support circadian synchronization by varying the spectrum and intensity of light over the course of the day, address nighttime navigation needs, and provide user-friendly control. There is an emerging understanding of the important visual and non-visual effects of light,however, important questions remain about the experience and acceptability of this “future” lighting if we are to adopt it broadly.

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Design Strategies for Biocontainment Units: Creating Safer Environments

2020-02-01 , Matić, Zorana , Humphreys, Benton , DuBose, Jennifer , Georgia Institute of Technology. College of Design , Georgia Institute of Technology. SimTigrate Design Lab

The SimTigrate Design Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology has engaged in research on the design of biocontainment units (BCU) for several years, from the perspectives of both healthcare worker safety and patient experience. In response to increased awareness of the challenges of caring for patients with highly infectious diseases in the wake of the 2014 Ebola outbreak, Georgia Tech, together with Emory University and Georgia State University, took part in a. multidisciplinary research program (Prevention Epicenter of Emory and Atlanta Consortium Hospitals – PEACH), funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It focused on exploring new strategies to improve the safety of both patients and healthcare personnel during care delivery. The SimTigrate research team focused on ways in which the built environment might support or hinder safe doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) within a BCU.

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Beyond Co-location: Visual Connections of Staff Workstations and Staff Communication in Primary Care Clinics

2020-08 , Lim, Lisa , Kanfer, Ruth , Stroebel, Robert J. , Zimring, Craig , Georgia Institute of Technology. SimTigrate Design Lab , Texas Tech University. College of Architecture , Mayo Clinic. Rochester, MN , Georgia Institute of Technology. College of Design

The importance of communication among healthcare providers has been long recognized, and many healthcare organizations are implementing team-based care, with emphasis on staff communication. While previous empirical studies in various settings illustrate the role of built environments in user communication, there is a lack of quantified interpersonal spatial metrics to predict interactions. This study investigates how interpersonal spatial metrics at different scales predict staff communication patterns by empirically studying four primary care clinics that provide team-based care. We found that staff members in clinics with higher visual connections among staff members reported more timely and frequent communication. We also found that staff members talked to each other more frequently when their workstations were visually connected. The findings of this study are expected to help designers and facility managers provide well-designed team-based clinic layouts, beyond just shared work spaces for team members, for improved staff communication.

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A Review of the Research Literature on Evidence-Based Healthcare Design

2008 , Ulrich, Roger S. , Zimring, Craig , Zhu, Xuemei , DuBose, Jennifer R. , Seo, Hyun-Bo , Choi, Young-Seon , Quan, Xiaobo , Joseph, Anjali , Georgia Institute of Technology. College of Design , Georgia Institute of Technology. SimTigrate Design Lab , Chalmers University of Technology , Clemson University , Texas A&M University , Washington University (Saint Louis, Mo.)

This report surveys and evaluates the scientific research on evidence-based healthcare design and extracts its implications for designing better and safer hospitals.

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Backstage Staff Communication: The Effects of Different Levels of Visual Exposure to Patients

2019-11-21 , Lim, Lisa , Kanfer, Ruth , Stroebel, Robert J. , Zimring, Craig , Georgia Institute of Technology. SimTigrate Design Lab , Texas Tech University. College of Architecture , Mayo Clinic. Rochester, MN , Georgia Institute of Technology. College of Design

Objective: This article examines how visual exposure to patients predicts patient-related communication among staff members. Background: Communication among healthcare professionals private from patients, or backstage communication, is critical for staff teamwork and patient care. While patients and visitors are a core group of users in healthcare settings, not much attention has been given to how patients' presence impacts staff communication. Furthermore, many healthcare facilities provide team spaces for improved staff teamwork, but the privacy levels of team areas significantly vary. Method: This article presents an empirical study of four team-based primary care clinics where staff communication and teamwork are important. Visual exposure levels of the clinics were analyzed, and their relationships to staff members' concerns for having backstage communication, including preferred and nonpreferred locations for backstage communication, were investigated. Results: Staff members in clinics with less visual exposure to patients reported lower concerns about having backstage communication. Staff members preferred talking in team areas that were visually less exposed to patients in the clinic, but, within team areas, the level of visual exposure did not matter. On the other hand, staff members did not prefer talking in visually exposed areas such as corridors in the clinic and visually exposed areas within team spaces. Conclusions: Staff members preferred talking in team areas, and they did not prefer talking in visually exposed areas. These findings identified visually exposed team areas as a potentially uncomfortable environment, with a lack of agreement between staff members' preferences toward where they had patient-related communication.

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The Representational Function of Clinic Design: Staff and Patient Perceptions of Teamwork

2020-09-15 , Lim, Lisa , Kanfer, Ruth , Stroebel, Robert J. , Zimring, Craig , Georgia Institute of Technology. SimTigrate Design Lab , Texas Tech University. College of Architecture , Mayo Clinic. Rochester, MN , Georgia Institute of Technology. College of Design

This study empirically investigates the relationships between visibility attributes and both patients’ and staff members’ teamwork experiences. Teamwork among healthcare professionals is critical for the safety and quality of patient care. While a patient-centered, team-based care approach is promoted in primary care clinics, little is known about how clinic layouts can support the teamwork experiences of staff and patients in team-based primary clinics.

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