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Master's Projects

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Alkaline pulping : deadload reduction studies in chemical recovery system

2004-12-02 , Chandra, Yusup

The kraft pulping process has been known for decades. The focus in kraft pulping has always been on better operation of the chemical recovery system. One of the targets is on deadload (sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)) reduction in white liquor. A model based on several literature references was developed to study the effect of deadload reduction. A base model was developed based on current mill operation. This base model was compared to the deadload reduction model. Overall improvement, such as operating cost saving and revenue generation was achieved from deadload reduction. Operating cost saving involves less deadload chemical in chemical recovery system, and less water that was associated with the deadload itself. Revenue generation involves generating more steam and heat from the recovery boiler that can be used for mill purposes or energy revenue. Two important variables to achieve deadload reduction are causticizing efficiency and reduction efficiency.

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Development of An Online Database Tool for Quick Access to Mass Estimating Relationships

2004-05-01 , Pimentele, Janssen

This document describes the methods and approach used in the development of an online database tool used for quick access to mass estimating relationships. The resulting tool is GOMER – Georgia Tech Online Mass Estimating Resource. This tool utilizes a typical three-tier database architecture employed by many web database applications. A unique relationship scheme was used to preserve the complex relationships found in the data sets. This scheme allows the user to search through the database using a variety of methods, while returning a list of results that can be examined in further detail. MySQL and PHP were used extensively throughout in the creation and implementation of the GOMER database.

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State Drought Plans in the United States: An Evaluation of Indicators and Triggers

2004-05 , Cavalcanti, Luiz F. N.

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Evaluation of Multidisciplinary Optimization (MDO) Techniques Applied to a Reusable Launch Vehicle

2004-04-29 , Brown, Nichols

Optimization of complex engineering systems has always been an integral part of design. Due to the size and complexity of aerospace systems the design of a whole system is broken down into multiple disciplines. Traditionally these disciplines have developed local design tools and computer codes (legacy codes) allowing them to perform optimization with respect to some aspect of their local discipline. Unfortunately, this approach can produce sub-optimal systems as the disciplines are not optimizing with respect to a consistent global objective. Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) techniques have been developed to allow for multidisciplinary systems to reach a global optimum. The industry accepted All-at-Once (AAO) technique has practical limitations and is confined to only small, conceptual level problems. New multi-level MDO techniques have been proposed which may allow for the global optimization of the large, complex systems involved in higher levels of design. Three of the most promising multi-level MDO techniques, Bi-Level Integrated System Synthesis (BLISS), Collaborative Optimization (CO) and Modified Collaborative Optimization (MCO) are applied, evaluated and compared in this study. The techniques were evaluated by applying them to the optimization of a next generation Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV). The RLV model was composed of three loosely coupled disciplines, Propulsion, Performance, and Weights & Sizing, composed of stand-alone, legacy codes not originally intended for use in a collaborative environment. Results from the multi-level MDO techniques will be verified through the use of the AAO approach and their benefits measured against the traditional approach where the multiple disciplines are converged using the fixed point iteration (FPI) process. All the techniques applied will be compared against each other and rated qualitatively on such metrics as formulation and implementation difficulty, optimization deftness and convergence errors. i

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Maximiing the Benefits of Courtroom Poes in Design Decision Support and Academic Inquiry through a Unified Conceptual Model

2004-09 , Pati, Debajyoti

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Responsive Access Small Cargo Affordable Launch (RASCAL) Independent Performance Evaluation

2004-05-01 , Young, David

RASCAL is a Defense Department initiative that stands for Responsive Access, Small Cargo, Affordable Launch [2]. The overall launch concept involves three stages. The first stage will consist of a reusable aircraft similar to a large scale Air Force fighter. The first stage will also utilize Mass Injection Pre-Compressor Cooling (MIPCC) turbojet engines that will propel the stage to approximately two hundred thousand feet before releasing the second and third rocket stages. The first stage will be similar to a large fighter of the F-22 class, although the turbofans will be that of the more available F100 class. The MIPCC system will be a plug-in addition to the engines to help high altitude performance. This stage will be not only a “Launch Platform”, but more of a first stage in that it will contribute significantly to the overall acceleration of the vehicle The second and third stages will consist of simple expendable rockets. Releasing the upper stages outside the atmosphere will reduce the loads on the stages as well as the risk of staging. Also by relying on the reusable portion for all atmospheric flight, the expendable stages can be designed simpler and therefore cheaper. The purpose of this project is to compare the published RASCAL numbers with those computed using a design methodology currently used in the Space System Design Laboratory (SSDL) at The Georgia Institute of Technology. When the initial Space Launch Corporation design was evaluated using the SSDL methodology it was found to fall short of the performance as well as the cost goals set by DARPA for the RASCAL program. The baseline vehicle was found to only carry 52 lbs to the 270 nmi sun synchronous orbit. Several alternatives were evaluated off of the baseline design. The best of these alternatives can meet DARPA’s performance goals and reach the cost goals of $5,000 per pound of payload with eight first stage vehicles flying 46 times per year for a total of 363 flights per year. Different economic cases were also evaluated to try and meet the cost goals in a less ambitious number of flights per year. It was found that if the DDT&E was paid for by another party (NASA, DOD, etc.) the cost goals can be met with just three vehicles flying 42 times per year for a total of 125 flights per year.

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Conserving our Lands: Improving Georgia's Land Conservation Effort through Examples of Other States

2004-05 , Philipp, Preeya R.

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Discrete Event Simulation of Reusable Launch Vehicle Ground Operations (RLVSim)

2004-07-30 , Reeves, John Daniel, Jr.

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Residential Construction and Remodeling to Implement Healthy Home Principles

2004-05 , Jordan, Stacey

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Second-Generation LIHTC Opt-out Analysis: An Analysis of and Disposition Strategy for Georgia's Low Income Housing Tax Credit Portfolio (Developments Placed-in-Service between 1990 to 1995)

2004-05 , Fichter, Darice N.

Since its adoption in 1986, the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) has become the primary engine for the creation of affordable housing in the United States. Today, the nationwide tax credit portfolio numbers nearly one million units - an average of 65,000 rental units created every year since the program's inception. In Georgia, the LIHTC program has produced over 48,260 units of affordable housing. Even as the program's future holds the promise of greater production, the rent and income restrictions for second-generation tax credit properties are fast approaching expiration. In the absence of continuing affordability requirements owners will be free to raise rents on these properties, threatening low-income residents with displacement and presenting policy challenges to state and local governments. For these reasons this research examines the post-1989 nature of the expiring tax credit issue, an outline of the challenges to the development of housing preservation policy, the characteristics of Georgia's 1990 to 1995 ·tax credit portfolio, and policy recommendations in ·order to facilitate affordable housing preservation within the LIHTC program in Georgia.

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