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Zimring, Craig

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Using An Unstructured Collaboration Tool to Support Peer Interaction in Large College Classes

2000 , Zimring, Craig , Craig, David Latch , ul-Haq, Saif , Khan, Sabir , Kehoe, Colleen Mary , Rick, Jochen , Guzdial, Mark

Peer interaction may be a useful strategy for having students express their knowledge and get personalized feedback in large classes. In this paper we look at how a CoWeb ­ an unstructured collaboration space ­ was used to support a large college design class. Although the CoWeb was used for several purposes, we focus specifically on how it was used to support class discussions. We start with why we feel CoWeb discussions, and more generally online peer interaction, may be useful in light of our pedagogical goals. We then analyze the structure of the discussions and how students perceived them, and discuss how the online environment may have influenced behavior. From this analysis, we conclude the CoWeb was effective in helping students think about open-ended issues through online peer interaction. However, we also conclude that providing some structure might help online discussions appear more coherent and productive.

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Incorporating Guidelines into A Case-Based Architectural Design Tool

1994-10 , Zimring, Craig , Ataman, Osman

This paper discusses an ongoing project called Archie, a collaboration between cognitive scientists and researchers in artificial intelligence and architecture, aimed at creating computer-based aids for conceptual design. Archie is a "case-based design aid" (CBDA): a tool that provides designers flexible access to evaluated examples of past experience that they can use in their own designs. Archie is a "clever" hypermedia database aimed at aiding conceptual design in architecture. It contains about 200 problems, responses, stories, and building descriptions derived from evaluations of six libraries and two courthouses. In this paper we provide a brief history and description of Archie and discuss some issues that have come into focus through developing and initially evaluating the system: how specific architectural case information can be organized; how users can be provided more general information about issues and building types; and how information can be indexed. In each of these we briefly discuss the current state of the system and propose some potential future directions.

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Creating Knowledge Bases for Design and Facility Management

1996 , Zimring, Craig

Despite their increasing numbers, post-occupancy evaluation reports often languish on shelves rather than serving as the basis of future renovation, design, or facility management. One reason for this is that information is scattered and difficult to find, and knowledge bases appear to offer the possibility to solve these problems. In this workshop we examine several recent efforts to create paper and computerized knowledge bases of environmental design evaluation information. We briefly discuss: (1) the Archie Project, a five-year collaboration between environmental design researchers and computer scientists at Georgia Tech aimed at creating a computerized case-based design aid; (2) the US Embassies POE Database Project, a computer database being created to provide staff and consultants of the Foreign Building Operations with access to POE information and other lessons learned; (3) Younger Workers Housing Mementos, a French multi-year effort aimed at using evaluation to generate collaboration between designers and administrators; (4) a medical laboratory database. These efforts raise several theoretical and practical questions that will be discussed in this workshop session: (1) How does one get started in creating an environmental design knowledge base? (2) Who are expected audiences for these knowledge bases and how are they to use the information? For example, what should be different about knowledge bases for design students, professional designers, facility managers, or upper administrators? How does focusing on one audience or another affect the content, database structure and interface? (3) Where does content come from? Who enters information in a knowledge base? Who keeps it current? (4) How can information be categorized and indexed? (5) What software packages are available and what are their relative advantages and disadvantages? Participants include Michel Conan (Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment), Thierry Rosenheck (U.S. Department. of State), Wolfgang Preiser (Cincinnati), and Sonit Bafna, Saif-ul Hag, & Sharon Tsepas (Georgia Tech), and as discussant, Jay Farbstein (Farbstein & Associates).

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Accommodating Paradigm Change in Large Institutions: Layout, Circulation and Wayfinding in Emerging Healthcare Facilities

1996 , Zimring, Craig

Changes in financing, regulation, technology and philosophy have led to significant alterations in the ways healthcare facilities are planned, programmed and designed. Outpatient services are increasing, while the remaining inpatients tend to be much more acutely ill. Although budgets are shrinking, facilities are experiencing much greater competition and demands for higher levels of service. We examine how healthcare facilities are linking these organizational goals - greater competitiveness, higher efficiency, better and more caring customer service, decentralization of departments-to their spatial decision making and discuss how environmental design research might contribute to these efforts. In particular, we present brief case studies to provide a common basis for discussion, then explore tools and approaches that link these organizational goals to planning, programming, design and evaluation. Although this working session touches on a range of concerns, the focus will be on layout, circulation and wayfinding, issues that are particularly influenced by recent trends in healthcare. A particular concern is the impact of providing outpatients services such as day surgery as well as inpatient surgery within a single campus. How does this affect layout, circulation and wayfinding? Case studies include, at least: (1) redevelopment of National Health Service hospitals in Great Britain; (2) pre-occupancy evaluation of the new Santa Clara County Valley Medical Center North Tower; (3) redevelopment of Grady Memorial Hospital (Atlanta). Although this session focuses on healthcare, it also allows the group to consider more broadly how environmental design can be linked to major changes in policy. The session addresses such questions as how can policy be formulated in spatially-relevant terms and how can key organizational decision-makers understand the -importance of spatial decisions? Participants include Cheryl Fuller (Fuller Coe Associates), Bruce Nepp (Anshen + Allen), Kent Spreckelmeyer (Kansas), Saif-ul Hag, Mohammed Shraim and Sharon Tsepas (Georgia Tech).

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