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91 results
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ItemGreen and effective continuous multi-step synthesis of ring-fused heteroaromatics(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013) Liotta, Charles L. ; Eckert, Charles A. ; France, Stefan ; Pollet, PamelaHistorically, batch processing has been the major strategy in the synthesis of complex molecules, especially molecules of pharmaceutical interest. In general, this approach has been fraught with high cost, excessive time for scale-up, and waste issues. In order to address these issues, continuous flow technology has been identified as an alternative production vehicle since it has both environmental and economic advantages. Continuous flow technology offers superior mass and heat transfer, and lower production costs when compared with the traditional batch technology. Technological transfer from batch to continuous flow maximizes performance in terms of product yield and selectivity while minimizing solvent and catalyst needs thereby lowering production costs. In addition, continuous flow processes can be “scaled out” in contrast to batch processes that must be “scaled up.” In this research project, we take advantage of continuous flow technology to conduct the multi-step synthesis shown in Scheme 1.
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ItemREU site: research experiences for undergraduates in chemistry and biochemistry(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011-03-14) Collard, David M. ; Tyson, J. Cameron
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ItemConference support for the 9th international symposium on functional π-electron systems(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011-02-28) Marder, Seth R.
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ItemCruciforms: development of a responsive fluorophore(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011-01-31) Bunz, Uwe H. F.
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ItemDesign, fabrication, and testing of microDSC sensors(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011-01-15) Bottomley, Lawrence A.
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ItemReport of activities carried out at the Georgia Institute of Technology as a part of grant # NSF-CHE- 0410427, Subcontract with Stanford University (G-33-C52)(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010-08-31) Fernández, Facundo M.
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ItemDetermination of the chemistry involved in enzymatic breakdown of crystalline cellulose(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010-08) Ragauskas, Arthur J. ; DelVecchio, Vito ; Ziemer, Cherie ; Davidson, SeanaLignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, the key components of lignocellulosic biomass are closely associated with each other at the plant cell level. This close association, together with the partly crystalline nature of cellulose serves to protect cellulose in native biomass from enzymatic hydrolysis. The predominant polysaccharide in most plant cell walls is cellulose, which forms long liner fibrils of approximately 30-40 hydrogen-bonded chains of β-(1,4) glucopyranosides that have a native degree of polymerization (DP) of ~2,000-15,000 depending the starting bioresource (O’Sullivan, 1997). Cellulose can exhibit several different supra-molecular structures, including amorphous, para-crystalline and crystalline. Native cellulose has been shown to be composed of two different crystalline forms in addition to para-crystalline and amorphous (Attala, et al., 1984). In general, the bioavailability of cellulose is controlled by a variety of factors including the degree of cellulose crystallinity, lignin content and structure, acetylated hemicelluloses and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (Clark, A.J., 1997). The deconstruction of cellulose to glucose has become a key technological challenge for green biofuel production. Researchers are searching for novel cellulolytic enzymatic properties in many organisms including termites, sea worms, and the gut section of several mammalians (Baker, J.O., et al., 1998; Mansfield, S.D., et al., 2003; McCarter, S.L., et al., 2002; Wyman, C.E., 2005). The crystalline regions of cellulose are normally considered to be more difficult to degrade than amorphous domains due to chains tightly-held by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Several researchers demonstrated increased crystallinity during enzymatic hydrolysis, and concluded that the loosely structured amorphous regions were hydrolyzed more rapid than the crystalline domains (Cao, Y., et al., 2002; Cao, Y., et al. 2004). The intestinal Fortitude Fibro-biotic program did find two bacterial isolates that had a unique enzyme activity on cellulose resulting in treated cellulose samples having a decrease in crystallinity. This type of enzymatic activity has not been previously reported or isolated for biofuel production. Two bacterial isolates (SDCC 1b and SDCC 2a) have had their genomes sequenced and are in the process of genome annotation. This research program was directed at determining how cellulosic ultrastructure changes when fermented with these novel mammalian bacterial isolated as a function of time and multiply bioresources. In addition, the ability of related pig fecal bacteria to degrade and modify the structure of cellulosic biomass were determined. These results will help determine how effective the fermentation of cellulose with SDCC 1b/2a and pig fecal bacterial is on the reactivity and ultrastructure of cellulose.
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ItemCrystal structure of an intramembrane aspartyl protease(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010-06-30) Lieberman, Raquel L.
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ItemMaterials for eye and sensor protection(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-09-30) Perry, Joseph W. ; Marder, Seth R.
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ItemRadiative and ultrafast non-radiative electronic relaxation in individual and assembled noble metallic nanopartiacles of different shapes(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-08-01) El-Sayed, Mostafa A.