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School of Psychology

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https://hdl.handle.net/1853/70756

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College of Sciences

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Work Science Center

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https://finding-aids.library.gatech.edu/agents/corporate_entities/1133

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Publication Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 115

Exploring everyday privacy behaviors and misclosures

(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-12-08) Caine, Kelly Erinn

As access to information changes with increased use of technology, privacy becomes an increasingly prominent issue among technology users. Privacy concerns should be taken seriously because they influence system adoption, the way a system is used, and may even lead to system disuse. Threats to privacy are not only due to traditional security and privacy issues; human factors issues such as unintentional disclosure of information also influence the preservation of privacy in technology systems. A dual pronged approach was used to examine privacy. First, a broad investigation of younger and older adults' privacy behaviors was conducted. The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of privacy across technologies, to discover the similarities, and identify the differences in what privacy means across contexts as well as provide a means to evaluate current theories of privacy. This investigation resulted in a categorization of privacy behaviors associated with technology. There were three high level privacy behavior categories identified: avoidance, modification, and alleviatory behavior. This categorization furthers our understanding about the psychological underpinnings of privacy concerns and suggests that 1) common privacy feelings and behaviors exist across people and technologies and 2) alternative designs which consider these commonalities may increase privacy. Second, I examined one specific human factors issue associated with privacy: disclosure error. This investigation focused on gaining an understanding of how to support privacy by preventing misclosure. A misclosure is an error in disclosure. When information is disclosed in error, or misclosed, privacy is violated in that information not intended for a specific person(s) is nevertheless revealed to that person. The goal of this study was to provide a psychological basis for design suggestions for improving privacy in technology which was grounded in empirical findings. The study furthers our understanding about privacy errors in the following ways: First, it demonstrates for the first time that both younger and older adults experience misclosures . Second, it suggests that misclosures occur even when technology is very familiar to the user. Third, it revealed that some misclosure experiences result in negative consequences, suggesting misclosure is a potential threat to privacy. Finally, by exploring the context surrounding each reported misclosure, I was able to propose potential design suggestions that may decrease the likelihood of misclosure.
Effects of Word Replacement on Juror Perceptions and Guilt Ratings During a Criminal Trial

(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-12) Coons, Courtney A.

This research was performed with the aim of improving the body of knowledge on juror perceptions during criminal trials. Three juries were formed of men and women at least 18 years old. The juries witnessed key excerpts of a criminal trial, either edited or unedited for content and then placed in a room for deliberation. Deliberations were videotaped and the juries had up to 45 minutes to return a verdict. Two juries viewed the content-edited trials, removing all instances of the word "rape". One of these juries was told of the editing, the other was not. After all juries had returned a verdict, each individual juror was asked to take an exit survey inquiring about their particular perceptions of the trial, and their personal conviction of guilt or lack thereof. All juries returned a verdict of 'not guilty' , however the exit surveys showed that more than 50% of the jurors that viewed the un-edited trial had an abiding conviction of guilt but rendered a not guilty verdict based on a lack of physical evidence. The content-edited conditions, however, had only 3 people between them that believed the defendant to be guilty of the crime of rape.
Training Novices on Hierarchical Task Analysis

(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-12) Felipe, Sarah

The training of a complex task such as task analysis is an area that very few have explored. This study examines how different training methods affect knowledge acquisition, focusing on content learned and errors made by novices in the initial phase of learning of Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA). Three types of declarative instructions were compared: procedures, decision/actions, and concept map, which were representative of different types of diagrams (matrix, network, hierarchy). Participants were assigned to one of the training conditions and instructed to perform task analyses of five different tasks (making a piece of toast, making a cup of coffee, painting a door, making a phone call, and making Vetkoek - a South African main course). Questionnaire data (declarative knowledge) and task analyses (procedural knowledge) were coded on five criteria: hierarchical representation, stating high-level goal, stating plan, stating subgoals, and satisfaction criteria. Results indicated that participants identified some criteria (goals, subgoals) more often than others as being representative of HTA (hierarchical representation). Furthermore, the nature of the task had a greater effect on the knowledge acquired about HTA than the differences in training material at this early stage of learning. During initial training of HTA it is important that more detailed instruction materials be distributed to allow for greater understanding of HTA. This study informs research about various types of diagrams and also adds to the literature on training HTA.
Older adults’ attitudes towards computers, the internet, and email

(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-12) Burnett, John S. ; Mitzner, Tracy L. ; Rogers, Wendy A. ; Fisk, Arthur D.

Mitzner et al. (2008a; 2008b; submitted) conducted a series of focus groups to obtain insights regarding older adults’ attitudes towards the technologies they use at home, work, and for health-related activities. This report provides a summary of the data that are pertinent to attitudes towards computers, the internet, and email. Participants reported both likes and dislikes which were categorized into: activities supported, system characteristics, and convenience/inconvenience issues. These data provide guidance for the development of systems intended for use by older adults.
Human factors issues relevant to automation design: Insights from research on uninhabited autonomous vehicles

(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-12) Serrano-Baquero, Daniel ; Rogers, Wendy A. ; Fisk, Arthur D.
Understanding orchard mowing: Knowledge engineering project

(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-12) Cullen, Ralph H. ; McBride, Sara E. ; Beer, Jenay M. ; Smarr, Cory-Ann ; Serrano-Baquero, Daniel ; Rogers, Wendy A. ; Fisk, Arthur D.
Response distortion and social desirability in high-level executives

(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-11-17) Schnure, Katherine Anne

The effect of Socially Desirable Responding (SDR) and response distortion on personality and selection measures has been debated for decades (Edwards, 1957b; Messick&Jackson, 1961; Morgeson et al., 2007, Ones, Viswesvaran,&Reiss, 1996). One area of this broad topic that has received less attention over the years has been the effectiveness of the scales used to measure SDR when evidence of potential response distortion is present. Using a MANOVA, this study found significant differences between job candidate and incumbent responses on the scales of the 16PF (Cattell&Cattell, 1995), which can be indicative of SDR (Rosse et al., 1998). However, no difference between the groups was found on the Impression Management scale used to measure SDR. Differences based on the job function of the respondents were also explored.
Internal representations of auditory frequency: behavioral studies of format and malleability by instructions

(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-11-16) Nees, Michael A.

Research has suggested that representational and perceptual systems draw upon some of the same processing structures, and evidence also has accumulated to suggest that representational formats are malleable by instructions. Very little research, however, has considered how nonspeech sounds are internally represented, and the use of audio in systems will often proceed under the assumption that separation of information by modality is sufficient for eliminating information processing conflicts. Three studies examined the representation of nonspeech sounds in working memory. In Experiment 1, a mental scanning paradigm suggested that nonspeech sounds can be flexibly represented in working memory, but also that a universal per-item scanning cost persisted across encoding strategies. Experiment 2 modified the sentence-picture verification task to include nonspeech sounds (i.e., a sound-sentence-picture verification task) and found evidence generally supporting three distinct formats of representation as well as a lingering effect of auditory stimuli for verification times across representational formats. Experiment 3 manipulated three formats of internal representation (verbal, visuospatial imagery, and auditory imagery) for a point estimation sonification task in the presence of three types of interference tasks (verbal, visuospatial, and auditory) in an effort to induce selective processing code (i.e., domain-specific working memory) interference. Results showed no selective interference but instead suggested a general performance decline (i.e., a general representational resource) for the sonification task in the presence of an interference task, regardless of the sonification encoding strategy or the qualitative interference task demands. Results suggested a distinct role of internal representations for nonspeech sounds with respect to cognitive theory. The predictions of the processing codes dimension of the multiple resources construct were not confirmed; possible explanations are explored. The practical implications for the use of nonspeech sounds in applications include a possible response time advantage when an external stimulus and the format of internal representation match.
Differential framing: when meaning depends on motive

(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-11-13) McMahon, Brian

Differential framing occurs when individuals with different latent motives assign qualitatively different meanings to the same attributes or events in the environment (James&Mazerolle, 2002; James&McIntyre, 1996). The implications of this phenomenon for the explanation and prediction of behavior are substantial: In perfectly logical fashions, individuals in exactly the same situation have qualitatively different experiences. In this way, differential framing mediates the relationship between motives and the behaviors that comprise traits. This dissertation tested several propositions associated with this phenomenon, and the results tentatively suggest that individuals with contrasting motives form qualitatively distinct impressions of the same organizational cultures.
The relationship between team-level aggression and basketball performance

(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-11-12) Wright, Mary Ann

Previous research has indicated that aggression is generally detrimental to performance in the occupational domain (Campbell, 1990; James et al., 2005; Sackett, 2002; Viswesvaran et al., 1999). In certain athletic contexts, however, aggression may serve to enhance performance at the team level. For this analysis, team-level aggression is hypothesized to be positively related to team performance in basketball. Aggression in this context is defined as "the desire to inflict harm on another individual, group, or entity" (James, 2005, p.71). Both implicit (CRT-A) and explicit (NEO-PI-R) aggression were measured, and team performance was represented primarily by team scores. The data demonstrate that team-level implicit aggression is significantly and positively related to team performance, however team-level explicit aggression does not have a significant relationship with team performance.