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Center for Inclusive Design and Innovation

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Detecting Early Stage Pressure Ulcer on Dark Skin Using Multispectral Imager

2010 , Yi, Dingrong , Kong, Linghua , Sprigle, Stephen , Wang, Fengtao , Wang, Chao , Liu, Fuhan , Adibi, Ali , Tummala, Rao R.

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Multispectral Image Analysis of Bruise Age

2007 , Sprigle, Stephen , Yi, Dingrong , Caspall, Jayme , Linden, Maureen , Kong, Linghua

The detection and aging of bruises is important within clinical and forensic environments. Traditionally, visual and photographic assessment of bruise color is used to determine age, but this qualitative technique has been shown to be inaccurate and unreliable. Spectroscopy and multi-spectral imaging have demonstrated objectivity in identifying age-dependent features. However these devices are not well suited for clinical environments. The purpose of this study was to develop a technique to spectrally-age bruises that minimizes the filtering and hardware requirements while achieving acceptable accuracy. This approach will then be incorporated into a handheld, point-of-care technology that is clinically-viable and affordable. Sixteen bruises from elder residents of a long term care facility were imaged over time. A multi-spectral system collected images at 11 wavelengths ranging between 370-970 nm that corresponded to skin and blood chromophores. Normalized bruise reflectance (NBR)- defined as the ratio of optical reflectance coefficient of bruised skin over that of normal skin- was calculated for all bruises at all wavelengths. The smallest mean NBR, regardless of bruise age, was found at wavelength between 555 & 577nm suggesting that contrast in bruises are from the hemoglobin chromophores, and that they linger for a long duration. A contrast metric, based on the NBR at 460nm and 650nm, was found to be sensitive to age and requires further investigation. Overall, the study identified four key wavelengths that have promise to characterize bruise age. However, the high variability across bruises complicates the development of a handheld detection system until additional data is available.

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Detecting Early Stage Pressure Ulcer on Dark Skin Using Multi Spectral Imager

2009 , Kong, Linghua , Sprigle, Stephen , Yi, Dingrong , Wang, Chao , Wang, Fengtao , Liu, Fuhan , Wang, Jiwu , Zhao, Futing

This paper introduces a novel idea, innovative technology in building multi spectral imaging based device. The benefit from them is people can have low cost, handheld and standing alone device which makes acquire multi spectral images real time with just a snapshot. The paper for the first time publishes some images got from such prototyped miniaturized multi spectral imager.

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Handheld Erythema and Bruise Detector

2008 , Kong, Linghua , Sprigle, Stephen , Duckworth, Mark G. , Yi, Dingrong , Caspall, Jayme J. , Wang, Jiwu , Zhao, Futing

Visual inspection of intact skin is commonly used when assessing persons for pressure ulcers and bruises. Melanin masks skin discoloration hindering visual inspection in people with darkly pigmented skin. The objective of the project is to develop a point of care technology capable of detecting erythema and bruises in persons with darkly pigmented skin. Two significant hardware components, a color filter array and illumination system have been developed and tested. The color filter array targets four defined wavelengths and has been designed to fit onto a CMOS sensor. The crafting process generates a multilayer film on a glass substrate using vacuum ion beam splitter and lithographic techniques. The illumination system is based upon LEDs and targets these same pre-defined wavelengths. Together, these components are being used to create a small, handheld multispectral imaging device. Compared to other multi spectral technologies (multi prisms, optical-acoustic crystal and others), the design provides simple, low cost instrumentation that has many potential multi spectral imaging applications which require a handheld detector.

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