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Georgia Water Resources Conference

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Author: Cabrera, Miguel L. × Author: Steiner, Jean L. × Type: Text ×

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Watershed assessment through ecological research/farmers active in research
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003-04) Franklin, Dorcas H. ; Cabrera, Miguel L. ; Steiner, Jean L. ; Risse, Larry A. ; Risse, L. Mark ; Hibbs, Henry E.
    Producers in the Southern Piedmont graze and manage their lands in a variety of ways across watersheds and across individual farms. These land management practices may have an impact on the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in stream base flow and storm flow. A group of producers, researchers and educators (WATER/FAIR) pulled together to assess stream nutrient concentrations relative to land management practices in two typical Southern Piedmont watersheds. The objective of this paper is to increase awareness of participatory monitoring and of the spatial and temporal distribution of stream nutrients (N & P) at watershed and farm levels. Results showed that dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations were highly variable depending on the management system. Stream base flow nitrate concentrations were lower leaving farms than going into farms more than more than 75 percent of the time and were 16 percent lower in 2000 than in 1999. These lower concentrations coming out of farms could suggest that these management systems are not losing nutrients to aquatic systems but rather utilizing them on the farm.
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    Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from No-till Cotton Fertilized with Poultry Litter in the Southern Piedmont
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001-03) Endale, Dinku M. ; Cabrera, Miguel L. ; Radcliffe, David E. ; Steiner, Jean L.
    Adoption of conservation tillage and use of poultry litter as fertilizer in major crops is increasing in the southeastern USA. The water quality impact of these alternative cropping methods needs investigation. In a study near Watkinsville, GA, nitrate loss through drainage was similar between no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) cotton (mean 8.9 vs 8.2 kg ha⁻¹). Cotton fertilized with poultry litter (PL) had higher nitrate loss than that fertilized with ammonium nitrate as conventional fertilizer (CF) (10.3 vs 6.5 kg ha⁻¹). Peak nitrate concentrations reached 30 mg L⁻¹ from CT and 15 mg L⁻¹ from NT. Cotton under PL had about 5 mgL⁻¹ higher peak concentration than CF cotton. Losses of dissolved reactive phosphorus in runoff were: 0.24, 0.25, 0.45 and 0.72 kg ha⁻¹ respectively, for CTCF, CTPL, NTCF and NTPL. There was 48% more total runoff from CT than NT.
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    Differences of Soil Water Use, Lint and Biomass Yield in No-till and Conventionally Tilled Cotton in the Southern Piedmont
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999-03) Endale, Dinku M. ; Radcliffe, David E. ; Steiner, Jean L. ; Cabrera, Miguel L. ; McCracken, D. V. ; Vencill, B. V. ; Lhor, L. ; Schomberg, H. H.
    The southeast, despite its abundant rainfall, suffers short-term summer droughts with detrimental effect on crop yield. No-till production systems provide added insurance against such conditions by improving infiltration, and conserving moisture in drought-prone soils. In three years of experiment near Watkinsville, GA, no-till cotton treatments maintained higher soil moisture content, more vegetative growth and higher lint yield than conventional tillage treatments. A combination of no-till and poultry litter treatments did even better compared to conventional tillage and conventional fertilizer treatments.
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    Evaluation of a Small, In-field Runoff Collector
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999-03) Franklin, Dorcas ; Cabrera, Miguel L. ; Steiner, Jean L. ; Endale, Dinku M. ; Miller, William
    Increased environmental concern about surface water pollution has heightened the need for small, in-field runoff collectors to assess the impact of land management practices without altering the landscape. We modified a surface flow sampler designed for sheet flow in Coastal Plain soils. Modifications were made to accommodate steep slopes (3 to 15% ), large flow rates, and channelized flow which are common in the Southern Piedmont. The runoff collector consists of two sample splitters (10x and 100x) and two sample collectors. Runoff collector performance was evaluated in the laboratory to determine percent flow captured by 10x and 100x splitters relative to flow rate and slope. Average flow captured on a 5% slope was 10.3% for 10x and 1.8% for the l00x. When the slope was increased to 12% the percent flow capture also increased slightly, 10.4% for l0x and 2.3% for l00x. It was determined that the small, in-field runoff collector captures runoff volumes at specific rates at fairly consistent ratios.