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GVU Technical Report Series
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ItemTen Inch Pixels: Ambient Art for Remote Awareness(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001) Mankoff, Jennifer C. ; Rowan, James Thomas, Jr. ; Mynatt, Elizabeth D. ; McJunkin, Mark P.We present an ambient display for supporting social connections between extended family members. The display, a digitally-controlled combination of oil on canvan and mechanical sculpture, consists of four, ten-by-ten inch "pixels", supporting the display of five coherent images and hundreds of mixed, collage images.
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ItemInteraction Techniques for Ambiguity Resolution in Recognition-Based Interfaces(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000) Mankoff, Jennifer C. ; Hudson, Scott E. ; Abowd, Gregory D.Because of its promise of natural interaction, recognition is coming into its own as a mainstream technology for use with computers. Both commercial and research applications are beginning to use it extensively. However the errors made by recognizers can be quite costly, and this is increasingly becoming a focus for researchers. We present a survey of existing error correction techniques in the user interface. These mediation techniques most commonly fall into one of two strategies, repetition and choice. Based on the needs uncovered by this survey, we have developed OOPS, a toolkit that supports resolution of input ambiguity through mediation. This paper describes four new interaction techniques built using OOPS, and the toolkit mechanisms required to build them. These interaction techniques each address problems not directly handled by standard approaches to mediation, and can all be re-used in a variety of settings.
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ItemDistributed Mediation of Imperfectly Sensed Context in Aware Environments(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000) Dey, Anind K. ; Mankoff, Jennifer C. ; Abowd, Gregory D.Current context-aware services make the assumption that the context they are dealing with is correct. However, in reality, both sensed and interpreted context is often imperfect. In this paper, we describe an architecture that supports the building of context-aware services that assume context is imperfect and allows for the refinement of this imperfect context by mobile users in aware-environments. We discuss the architectural mechanisms and design heuristics that arise from supporting this refinement over space and time. We illustrate the use of our architecture and heuristics through two example context-aware services, an In-Out Board for the home and a situation-aware reminder tool.
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ItemProposal of a Model and Architecture for Handling Ambiguity in Recognition-Based Input(Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999) Mankoff, Jennifer C.Recognition technologies are being used extensively in both the commercial and research world. But recognizers are still error-prone, and this results in performance problems and brittle dialogues, which are a barrier to the acceptance and usefulness of recognition systems. Better interfaces to recognition systems, which can help to reduce the burden of recognition errors, are difficult to build because of lack of knowledge about the ambiguity inherent in recognition. We have extended a user interface toolkit to model and to provide structured support for ambiguity at the input event level. We have populated this toolkit with re-usable interface components for resolving ambiguity. The resulting infrastructure makes it easier for application developers to support error handling, thus helping to reduce the negative effects of recognition errors, and allowing us to explore new types of interfaces for dealing with ambiguity.
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ItemInteracting with Multiple Alternatives Generated by Recognition Technologies(Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999) Mankoff, Jennifer C. ; Abowd, Gregory D. ; Hudson, Scott E.Despite significant advances in recognition technologies in areas such as speech and gesture recognition, our experience tells us that recognition errors and uncertainty are unlikely to disappear. For the foreseeable future, use of recognition based systems will introduce uncertainty into the input process. If interactive systems are going to work robustly with recognition-based input, it will be necessary to consider uncertainty as a normal part of input handling rather than considering it to be an anomaly or an exceptional condition. This paper considers techniques for explicit treatment of input uncertainty in user interfaces. In particular, it considers a general class of techniques for the display of, and interaction with, multiple alternatives generated by recognition technologies. Augmentation of the typical event-handling infrastructure is discussed, as well as an application interface infrastructure which attempts to minimize the impact of uncertainty on the application. A prototype system that embodies this infrastructure is also considered.
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ItemError Correction Techniques for Handwriting, Speech, and Other Ambiguous or Error Prone Systems(Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999) Mankoff, Jennifer C. ; Abowd, Gregory D.Interfaces which support natural inputs such as handwriting and speech are becoming more prevalent. However, these recognition-based interface techniques are error prone. Despite research efforts to improve recognition rates, a certain amount of error will never be removed. Suitable research efforts should attend to the problem of correction techniques for these error prone techniques. Humans have developed countless ways to correct errors in understanding or clarify ambiguous statements. It is time for interface designers to focus on ways for computers to do the same. We present a survey of the design, implementation, and study of interfaces for correcting error prone input technologies. Previous work by others and our own research into flexible pen-based note-taking environments grounds our research into interface techniques for handling errors in recognition systems.
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ItemDomisilica: Providing Ubiquitous Access to the Home(Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997) Mankoff, Jennifer C. ; Abowd, Gregory D.The Domisilica project is exploring future computing environments centered around the home. We envision a future in which objects in the home, such as appliances and rooms, are enhanced with computational capabilities that make them accessible away from the home. Our approach has been to add computational power to real world objects located in the home, and to provide a centralized model of the home which can be used to integrate a wide variety of services and is accessible remotely. This paper focuses on issues of interface modes and accessibility which arose as we developed Domisilica. These include extending the affordances of real world objects to provide new services, providing remote access through a variety of connections both impoverished and broad, and providing universal access for all types of people including people with disabilities, children, and older adults. Keywords: