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ItemInteractive Walls: Addressing the Challenges of Large-scale Interactive Surfaces(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002) Summet, Jay W. ; Somani, Ramswaroop ; Abowd, Gregory D. ; Rehg, James M.We present a prototype large-scale interactive electronic whiteboard wall. Various input, output and vision technologies are used to create a surface that can capture digital ink as well as support pen-based interaction with displayed information on subregions of the wall. A simple automated capture application is demonstrated on our prototype surface and research challenges for developing more complex applications with this interactive technology are discussed.
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ItemEnabling the Generation, Preservation & Use of Records and Memories of Everyday Life(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002) Truong, Khai Nhut ; Abowd, Gregory D.Our daily lives provide us with a great deal of records and memories that we want to access at some point in the future. As a result, we often spend our time and effort trying to preserve much of these experiences. To assist in the process, automated capture and access applications attempt to relieve humans of the burden of manually documenting these experiences. To allow application developers to build such applications more easily, we have developed INCA, an infrastructure for capture and access applications. In this paper, we show how this infrastructure can facilitate the construction of these applications, and demonstrate its use through the development of three sample applications.
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ItemVicariously Sharing Captured Web Experiences through an Automated Recommendation System(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002) Truong, Khai Nhut ; Abowd, Gregory D. ; Pimentel, Maria da Graca CamposOur daily experiences are rich in content that we want to recall in the future. These previous experiences are often where we begin in our search for information needed when we work. In a community, we can rely on others to suggest materials when our own expertise fails to provide us with what we need. Likewise, others will make referrals only from things that they have previously experienced. In this paper, we present WebMemex, a system that recommends related Web pages to what the user is currently viewing. This system acts as an instantiation of an architecture to automatically capture and access information in a manner similar to when a person is searching for information related to her current work context where the related information being retrieved is something she has previously seen or that her friends have seen before and could ultimately suggest to her.
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ItemIntegrating Meeting Capture within a Collaborative Team Environment(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001) Richter, Heather Anne ; Abowd, Gregory D. ; Geyer, Werner ; Daijavad, Shahrokh ; Fuchs, Ludwin ; Poltrock, StevenMeeting capture has been a common subject of research in the ubiquitous computing community for the past decade. However, the majority of the research has focused on technologies to support the capture and not enough on the motivation for accessing the captured record and the impact on everyday work practices based on extended authentic use of a working capture and access system. Our long-term research agenda is to build capture services for distributed workgroups that provide approximate motivation and further understand how access of captured meetings impacts work practices. To do this, we have developed a testbed for meeting capture as part of a larger distributed work system called TeamSpace. In this paper, we discuss the requirements for meeting capture within TeamSpace, describe the initial prototype developed, and report on initial usage.
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ItemThe Family Intercom: Developing a Context-Aware Audio Communication System(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001) Nagel, Kristine Susanne ; Kidd, Cory D. ; O'Connell, Thomas ; Dey, Anind K. ; Abowd, Gregory D.We have begun an exploration of how ubiquitous computing technology can facilitate different forms of audio communication within a family. We are interested in both intra- and inter-home communication. Though much technology exists to support this human-human communication, none of them make effective use of the context of the communication partners. In the Aware Home Research Initiative, we are exploring how to augment a domestic envi-ronment with knowledge of the location and activities of its occupants. The Family Intercom project is trying to explore how this context can be used to create a variety of lightweight communication opportunities between collo-cated and remote family members. It is particularly important that context about the status of the callee be communicated to the caller, so that the appropriate social protocol for continuing a conversation can be performed by the caller. In this paper, we will discuss our initial prototypes to develop a testbed for exploring these context-aware audio communication services.
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ItemWho, What, When, Where, How: Design Issues of Capture and Access Applications(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001) Truong, Khai Nhut ; Abowd, Gregory D. ; Brotherton, Jason AlanOne of the general themes in ubiquitous computing is the construction of devices and applications to support the automated capture of live experiences and the future access of those records. Over the past five years, our research group has developed over half a dozen different capture and access applications. In this paper, we present an overview of eight of these applications. We discuss the different design issues encountered while creating each of these applications and share our approaches to solving these issues (in comparison and in contrast with other work found in the literature). From these issues we define the large design space for automated capture and access. This design space may then serve as a point of reference for designers to extract the requirements for systems to be developed in the future.
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ItemBuilding a Better Intercom: Context-Mediated Communication within the Home(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000) Kidd, Cory D. ; O'Connell, Thomas ; Nagel, Kristine Susanne ; Patil, Sameer ; Abowd, Gregory D.As we enable everyday environments with ubiquitous technology, there are many opportunities to support simple activities in useful ways. We are investigating how an environment made aware of the location and activities of its occupants can better support direct human-human communication. Specifically, we have instrumented a home to explore lightweight, spontaneous hands-free communication between residents in different parts of the home. Our working prototype demonstrates how existing technologies of voice recognition, indoor positioning and audio routing lay the foundation for the exploration of a variety of more intelligent alternatives to the traditional home intercom system. We show how context can be used to mediate the initiation and management of one- and two-way audio connections between residents, supporting a range of within-home conversational patterns. In this paper, we describe a variety of home communication scenarios and the general infrastructure we have built to explore them.
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ItemInteraction Techniques for Ambiguity Resolution in Recognition-Based Interfaces(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000) Mankoff, Jennifer C. ; Hudson, Scott E. ; Abowd, Gregory D.Because of its promise of natural interaction, recognition is coming into its own as a mainstream technology for use with computers. Both commercial and research applications are beginning to use it extensively. However the errors made by recognizers can be quite costly, and this is increasingly becoming a focus for researchers. We present a survey of existing error correction techniques in the user interface. These mediation techniques most commonly fall into one of two strategies, repetition and choice. Based on the needs uncovered by this survey, we have developed OOPS, a toolkit that supports resolution of input ambiguity through mediation. This paper describes four new interaction techniques built using OOPS, and the toolkit mechanisms required to build them. These interaction techniques each address problems not directly handled by standard approaches to mediation, and can all be re-used in a variety of settings.
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ItemThe Smart Floor: A Mechanism for Natural User Identification and Tracking(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000) Orr, Robert J. ; Abowd, Gregory D.We have created a system for identifying people based on their footstep force profiles and have tested its accuracy against a large pool of footstep data. This floor system may be used to transparently identify users in their everyday living and working environments. We have created user footstep models based on footstep profile features and have been able to achieve a recognition rate of 93% using this feature-based approach. We have also shown that the effect of footwear is negligible on recognition accuracy.
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ItemDistributed Mediation of Imperfectly Sensed Context in Aware Environments(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000) Dey, Anind K. ; Mankoff, Jennifer C. ; Abowd, Gregory D.Current context-aware services make the assumption that the context they are dealing with is correct. However, in reality, both sensed and interpreted context is often imperfect. In this paper, we describe an architecture that supports the building of context-aware services that assume context is imperfect and allows for the refinement of this imperfect context by mobile users in aware-environments. We discuss the architectural mechanisms and design heuristics that arise from supporting this refinement over space and time. We illustrate the use of our architecture and heuristics through two example context-aware services, an In-Out Board for the home and a situation-aware reminder tool.