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Gibson, Greg

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    Using blood informative transcripts in geographical genomics: impact of lifestyle on gene expression in Fijians
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012-11-09) Nath, Artika Praveeta ; Arafat, Dalia ; Gibson, Greg
    In previous geographical genomics studies of the impact of lifestyle on gene expression inferred from microarray analysis of peripheral blood samples, we described the complex influences of culture, ethnicity, and gender in Morocco, and of pregnancy in Brisbane. Here we describe the use of nanofluidic Fluidigm quantitative RT-PCR arrays targeted at a set of 96 transcripts that are broadly informative of the major axes of immune gene expression, to explore the population structure of transcription in Fiji. As in Morocco, major differences are seen between the peripheral blood transcriptomes of rural villagers and residents of the capital city, Suva.The effect is much greater in Indian villages than in Melanesian high-landers and appears to be similar with respect to the nature of at least two axes of variation. Gender differences are much smaller than ethnicity or lifestyle effects. Body mass index is shown to associate with one of the axes as it does in Atlanta and Brisbane, establishing a link between the epidemiological transition of human metabolic disease, and gene expression profiles.
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    Parent-Offspring Transmission of Adipocytokine Levels and Their Associations with Metabolic Traits
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011-04-04) Al-Daghri, Nasser M. ; Al-Attas, Omar S. ; Alokail, Majed S. ; Alkharfy, Khalid M. ; Yakout, Sobhy M. ; Sabico, Shaun B. ; Gibson, Greg ; Chrousos, George P. ; Kumar, Sudhesh
    Adipose tissue secreted cytokines (adipocytokines) have significant effects on the physiology and pathology of human metabolism relevant to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We determined the relationship of the pattern of these circulating hormones with obesity-related phenotypes and whether such pattern is transmitted from parent to offspring. A combined total of 403 individuals from 156 consenting Saudi families divided into initial (119 families with 123 adults and 131 children) and replication (37 families with 58 adults and 91 children) cohorts were randomly selected from the RIYADH Cohort study. Anthropometrics were evaluated and metabolic measures such as fasting serum glucose, lipid profiles, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), activated plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (aPAI1), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and angiotensin II were also assessed. Parent-offspring regressions revealed that with the exception of hsCRP, all hormones measured showed evidence for significant inheritance. Principal component (PC) analysis of standardized hormone levels demonstrated surprising heritability of the three most common axes of variation. PC1, which explained 21% of the variation, was most strongly loaded on levels of leptin, TNFa, insulin, and aPAI1, and inversely with adiponectin. It was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) and phenotypically stronger in children, and showed a heritability of ,50%, after adjustment for age, gender and generational effects. We conclude that adipocytokines are highly heritable and their pattern of co-variation significantly influences BMI as early as the pre-teen years. Investigation at the genomic scale is required to determine the variants affecting the regulation of the hormones studied.
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    The Center for Integrative Genomics and Predictive Health in Atlanta
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010-11-09) Gibson, Greg
    I will give a two-part talk that starts with a discussion of my groups research on genomic profiling in human populations, and leads to a presentation of my vision of the relationship of the Center for Integrative Genomics to the IBB and Systems Biology programs at Georgia Tech. We are broadly interested in the question of how environmental and cultural factors interact with genetic predisposition to shape human phenotypic variation, from gene expression in peripheral blood to facial expression in growing infants. Genomic profiling is built around genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of gene expression, metabolomics, and epigenetic marks in a variety of cohorts available through collaborators at Emory and our own contacts in places like Fiji and Morocco. I'll discuss the Center for Health Discovery and Wellbeing cohort at Emory midtown, as well as initiatives in cystic fibrosis, cardiology, cancer survivorship, and newborn children.