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Kosal, Margaret E.

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    Nanotechnology for Chemical and Biological Defense: Policy, Programmatics, and Threat Anticipation
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-10-27) Kosal, Margaret E.
    The pursuit of the minutely small “nanotechnology” is thriving in academia, in the private sector, and in global state science and technology programs. Through the science fiction of Star Trek and other quasi-fictional works, the notion of nanotechnology has entered the collective public psyche. To date, three broad topics have dominated discussion regarding nanotechnology risk: health and environmental consequences, privacy and legal implications, and uncontrolled self-replication and artificial intelligence. Security implications, both for traditional nonproliferation regimes and for potential misuse by non-state actors, have not received commensurate attention. At the same time, policy makers and the scientific community, domestically and internationally, are attempting to develop new means to address risks associated with biotechnology. As 21st century science and technology intrinsically traverses traditional borders “academic, public-private, and international” previous models are inadequate. Through examination of civilian and defensive applications (nanotechnologically-enabled countermeasures) and hypothetical offensive uses, the goal is to develop an analytic model to probe security questions surrounding this emerging technology. Recognizing and developing a robust analytical framework to assess implications of this emerging technology is an unexplored, cutting-edge research area for international security. Alternatively, the future may grapple with a nanotechnology A.Q. Khan.
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    Bionanotechnology and Iran
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-10-03) Basandra, Nikita ; Kosal, Margaret E.
    The paper will explore the international security connections of Iran's bionanotechnology research and development programs, infrastructure, and capabilities emphasizing the biomedical engineering applications. The work seeks to develop models of strategic interaction to assess the prospective implications of the nanotechnology revolution for international conflict and cooperation. Pathways and indicators of bio-nanotechnology research and development, which focuses on the distribution of opportunities and potential to pursue (intent) offensive versus defensive applications will be investigated. This research will integrate traditional social science comparative case study and scenario methodologies with semi-quantitative network analysis and technical security studies analysis. Technically robust scenarios will be used to illustrate the potential malfeasant cooption of nanotechnology. Models to identify and delineate technical and non-technical factors (e.g., structural conditions, norms, institutional capabilities) related to bio-nanotechnology will be explored. How bio-nanotechnology, as a representative emerging technology, reconciles with or challenges the predominant theories explaining the role of technology in defense strategy and current models of state-based WMD proliferation, e.g., balance of power/balance of threat, offense-defense, strategic security, deterrence, and constructivist theories, will also be examined. Inter-disciplinary research and analysis will provide novel systematic insight into the dimensions and significance of nanotechnology for changing the character of conflict and strategic stability in the global system.
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    Bioterrorism Deterrence: The Role of Public Health in Security
    (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-10-03) Kosal, Margaret E. ; Terron, Ana