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Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering
Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering
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ItemOn-Orbit Servicing Optimization Framework with High- and Low-Thrust Propulsion Tradeoff( 2021-07) Sarton Du Jonchay, Tristan ; Chen, Hao ; Isaji, Masafumi ; Shimane, Yuri ; Ho, KokiThis paper proposes an on-orbit servicing logistics optimization framework capable of performing the short-term operational scheduling and long-term strategic planning of sustainable servicing infrastructures that involve high-thrust, low-thrust, and/or multimodal servicers supported by orbital depots. The proposed framework generalizes the state-of-the-art on-orbit servicing logistics optimization method by incorporating user-defined trajectory models and optimizing the logistics operations with the propulsion technology and trajectory tradeoff in consideration. Mixed-integer linear programming is leveraged to find the optimal operations of the servicers over a given period, whereas the rolling horizon approach is used to consider a long time horizon accounting for the uncertainties in service demand. Several analyses are carried out to demonstrate the value of the proposed framework in automatically trading off the high- and low-thrust propulsion systems for both short-term operational scheduling and long-term strategic planning of on-orbit servicing infrastructures.
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ItemFramework for Modeling and Optimization of On-Orbit Servicing Operations under Demand Uncertainties( 2021-06) Sarton Du Jonchay, Tristan ; Chen, Hao ; Gunasekara, Onalli ; Ho, KokiThis paper develops a framework that models and optimizes the operations of complex on-orbit servicing infrastructures involving one or more servicers and orbital depots to provide multiple types of services to a fleet of geostationary satellites. The proposed method extends the state-of-the-art space logistics technique by addressing the unique challenges in on-orbit servicing applications and integrates it with the Rolling Horizon decision-making approach. The space logistics technique enables modeling of the on-orbit servicing logistical operations as a Mixed-Integer Linear Program whose optimal solutions can efficiently be found. The Rolling Horizon approach enables the assessment of the long-term value of an on-orbit servicing infrastructure by accounting for the uncertain service needs that arise over time among the geostationary satellites. Two case studies successfully demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework for 1) short-term operational scheduling and 2) long-term strategic decision making for on-orbit servicing architectures under diverse market conditions.
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ItemMultifidelity Space Mission Planning and Infrastructure Design Framework for Space Resource Logistics( 2021-03) Chen, Hao ; Sarton Du Jonchay, Tristan ; Hou, Linyi ; Ho, KokiTo build a sustainable space transportation system for human space exploration, the design and deployment of space infrastructure, such as in-situ resource utilization plants, in-orbit propellant depots, and on-orbit servicing platforms, are critical. The design analysis and trade studies for these space infrastructure systems require the consideration of not only the design of the infrastructure elements themselves, but also their supporting systems (e.g., storage, power) and logistics transportation while exploring various architecture options (e.g., location, technology). This paper proposes a system-level space infrastructure and logistics design optimization framework to perform architecture trade studies. A new space-infrastructure logistics optimization problem formulation is proposed that considers the internal interactions of infrastructure subsystems and their external synergistic effects with space logistics simultaneously. Because the full-size version of this proposed problem formulation can be computationally prohibitive, a new multifidelity optimization formulation is developed by varying the granularity of the commodity-type definition over the space logistics network; this multifidelity formulation can find an approximate solution to the full-size problem computationally efficiently with little sacrifice in the solution quality. The proposed problem formulation and method are applied to the design of in situ resource utilization systems in a multimission lunar exploration campaign to demonstrate their values.
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ItemSpace architecture design for commercial suitability: A case study in in-situ resource utilization systems( 2020-10) Sarton Du Jonchay, Tristan ; Chen, Hao ; Wieger, Anna ; Szajnfarber, Zoe ; Ho, KokiSpace Agencies are increasingly interested in stimulating non-traditional players to participate more broadly in the space enterprise. Historically, high barriers to entry in the space market have included challenges of working with the government customer and high technical and financial risks associated with the complexity of space exploration. More recently, agencies have used inducements (e.g., new contracting mechanisms, access to testing facilities) to mitigate these barriers. While these efforts mainly focused on reducing barriers to participation in existing exploration architectures, this paper explores the viability of an alternative strategy. Instead of providing inducements, which essentially subsidize participation, we propose a new strategy for space agencies to treat “commercial suitability” as another “-ility” and make it an explicit criterion of the initial architecture selection. This can be an effective option when multiple equivalent architectures (as evaluated against traditional cost, schedule, and performance measures) differ on their “commercial suitability.” As a proof-of-concept for this strategy, we develop a case study with lunar in-situ resource utilization plant systems as a basis for comparing the architectures with dedicated mass-wise optimal design (selected using traditional architecting strategies) vs. standardized mass-produced modular ISRU (selected using commercially-suitable strategies). The results show that architecture selection that considers commercial suitability upfront can achieve increased commercial participation without compromising cost performance compared with the baseline architecture. This serves as an existence proof for the potential value of this new strategy.
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ItemIntegrated In-Situ Resource Utilization System Design and Logistics for Mars Exploration( 2020-05) Chen, Hao ; Sarton Du Jonchay, Tristan ; Hou, Linyi ; Ho, KokiThis paper develops an interdisciplinary space architecture optimization framework to analyze the tradeoff on in-situ resource utilization options, identify technology gaps, evaluate the benefits of in-situ resource utilization, and optimize the design of infrastructure for Mars human space exploration scenarios and mission profiles. It performs trade studies from the perspective of space logistics, which takes into account the interplanetary transportation, infrastructure deployment, in-situ resource utilization system operation, and logistics of the produced resources. Our method considers space architecture design and operation from the subsystem level to capture the coupling between in-situ resource utilization technologies and in-space architecture elements for space resource logistics. A case study involving a multi-mission human Mars exploration campaign is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of existing and proposed in-situ resource utilization technology concepts and system designs. The results can provide us with a better understanding of the benefits and costs of different in-situ resource utilization technologies for interplanetary space transportation. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to understand the impacts of lunar and near-Earth-object’s in-situ resource utilization systems on Mars missions. The results of this analysis can help decision-makers determine and optimize the roadmap for in-situ resource utilization technology development.
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ItemSemi-Analytical Model for Design and Analysis of On-Orbit Servicing Architecture( 2020-05) Ho, Koki ; Wang, Hai ; DeTrempe, Paul A. ; Sarton Du Jonchay, Tristan ; Tomita, KentoRobotic on-orbit servicing (OOS) is expected to be a key technology and concept for future sustainable space exploration. This paper develops a novel semi-analytical model for OOS system analysis, responding to the growing needs and ongoing trend of robotic OOS. An OOS infrastructure system is considered whose goal is to provide responsive services to the random failures of a set of customer modular satellites distributed in space (e.g., at the geosynchronous orbit). The considered OOS architecture comprises a servicer that travels and provides module-replacement services to the customer satellites, an on-orbit depot to store the spares, and a series of launch vehicles to replenish the depot. The OOS system performance is analyzed by evaluating the mean waiting time before service completion for a given failure and its relationship with the depot capacity. By uniquely leveraging queueing theory and inventory management methods, the developed semi-analytical model is capable of analyzing the OOS system performance without relying on computationally costly simulations. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated using a case study compared with simulation results. This paper is expected to provide a critical step to push the research frontier of analytical/semi-analytical model development for complex space systems design.