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Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology (IEN)
Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology (IEN)
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ItemNanotech and Ethics- Societal Implications of Nanotechnological Advances: Are We Ready?(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008-12-09) Hue, GillianRecent advances in nanotechnology research have captured the imagination of the scientific community and society at large and could have a profound impact on life as we know it. But as the list of potential applications grows; encompassing more than information and communication, energy, industry and medicine; so too grows the potential for irresponsible use or misuse of the technology. Valuable lessons on research regulations and policy development can be learned from the experience of the biomedical, genetic and clinical research fields over the years. While nanotechnology as a discipline is still growing, its far-reaching possibilities should be catalyst enough for scientists and society to begin to carefully consider how to handle the ethical issues that will necessarily arise from its use. From human health and safety, to environmental issues, to a widening gap in access to resources, even if we abandon the dystopian rhetoric of science fiction, we must be mindful of the ethical and social implications as--not after-- these advances are made.
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ItemNanotechnology for Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria Detection(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008-11-11) Park, BosoonAmong several potentials of nanotechnology applications in food, development of nanoscale sensors for food safety and security measurement are emerging. A novel bio-functional nanosensor for foodborne pathogenic bacteria detection was developed using hetero-Au/Si nanorods. For the development of nanobiosensor, the protocol for bio-functional nanorod fabrication has been developed. The protocols include; 1) Silicon nanorod fabrication including substrate preparation and deposition control; 2) Surface oxidation including annealing and oxygen plasma process; 3) Nanoparticle coating onto the silicon using sputter coating system; 4) Biological dye immobilization including APTES treatment and incubation process; 5) Antibody conjugation with DSP pretreatment and antibody incubation followed by antigen/infected cells preparation; finally, 6) Antigen/infected cells detection by bio-functional nanorods. The Si nanorods were fabricated by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method, and Au was sputtered onto the silicon nanorods. Alexa488-succinimide dye molecules were immobilized onto the annealed silicon nanorods thru the attachment between dye ester and primary amine supplied by 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Anti-Salmonella was conjugated to the Au via Dithiobis [succinimidylpropionate] (DSP) self-assembly monolayer (SAM). Due to the high aspect ratio nature of Si nanorods, hundreds or thousands of dye molecules attached to silicon nanorods enhanced fluorescence signals. These biologically functionalized nanorods can be used for nanobiosensor to detect foodborne pathogenic bacteria with fluorescent microscopic imaging. This new nanoscale sensing technology will be of great significance for food safety and security applications as well as biomedical diagnostics.
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ItemSilicon-Based Resonant Microsensors(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008-10-21) Brand, OliverThe presentation gives an introduction to resonant microsensors providing a frequency output signal. These sensors generally benefit from an excellent frequency resolution, which is ideally limited only by the length of the counting period and the short-term frequency stability of the microstructure's resonance frequency. Device-level and system-level approaches to generate a measurand-dependent frequency signal are discussed and concepts to improve Q-factor, short-term frequency stability and ultimately sensor resolution are highlighted. Furthermore, the presentation discusses frequency drift challenges and introduces methods for drift compensation. The above concepts and approaches are illustrated using two resonant microsensor examples: (i) a mass-sensitive microsensor platform for gas- and liquid-phase chemical sensing based on disktype silicon microstructures and (ii) a cantilever-based resonant magnetic microsensor with a resolution suitable for Earth field applications.
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ItemClues from Digital Radio Regarding Biomolecular Recognition(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008-10-10) Hunt, William D.
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ItemMass-Sensitive Biochemical Microsensors(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008-10-10) Brand, OliverA resonant microsensor platform based on disk-type microstructures vibrating in an in-plane resonance mode for chemical and biochemical sensing applications in gas and liquid environments is presented. Based on measured short-term frequency stabilities of 1.1 10^-8 in air and 2.3 10^-6 in water, mass detection limits in the low femtogram and sub-picogram, respectively, are achieved. In a biosensing application, biomolecules are immobilized on the resonator surface. Upon selective binding of analyte molecules (e.g. via antibody-antigen binding), the mass of the resonator is increased, resulting in a measurable decrease of its resonance frequency. The feasibility of liquid-phase biosensing using the disk resonators is demonstrated experimentally by detecting anti-beta-galactosidase antibody using covalently immobilized beta-galactosidase enzyme.
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ItemState-Level Nanotechnology Policy Initiatives and Implications for Georgia(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008-09-23) McKeon, Patrick Edward TimothyNanotechnology has been proposed to hold the next industrial revolution. This interest has been incorporated into increases in research activities, commercialization efforts, and further economic development. The National Nanotechnology Initiative has provided a foundation and scope for these activities from a policy perspective. In addition to national efforts there have been local, state, and regional initiatives to bolster and supplement the national policies. This study looks into the factors driving the policies, the policy actions at the state-level, and the results of these policies. The work analyzes eighteen states and their policies were characterized into a system of developed formal models. There was additional focus given to the nano-specific assets in Georgia, and the potential plans to be implemented at the state-level to enhance its nanotechnology prominence as the new state-funded Nanotechnology Research Center comes on-line. This work was supported by the Program in Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy through the School of Public Policy and the Enterprise Innovation Institute at the Georgia Institute of Technology.
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ItemHigh-Performance Chip-to-Chip Communications Using Advanced Materials and Structures(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008-09-09) Kohl, Paul A. ; Spencer, Todd ; Osborn, TylerThe "off-chip" bandwidth is a major bottleneck causing system delays and limited throughput, especially in areas such as processor-to-memory bandwidth and processor-to-network. The ITRS cites off-chip signal bandwidth exceeding 60 GHz within 10 years. Organic substrates (i.e. chip packages or interposers) with flip-chip solder connections are the core of the first and second level of interconnect. Off-chip bandwidth is limited to several GHz due to frequency dependent attenuation, signal reflections, and crosstalk within the polymer dielectric, via structures, and I/O signal path transitions within the chip substrate and mother board. In this work, we have introduced advances in off-chip interconnect using air-isolated, coaxial links on substrates and boards to demonstrate ultra high-speed chip-to-chip and chip-to-network communications. New approaches have been found to fabricating high frequency I/O, air-and isolated coaxial links on the substrate. The materials, processes and electrical characteristics will be presented.
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ItemPatent Law and Nanotechnology(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008-08-26) Woods, EricFrom a researcher's perspective, understanding the elements that should be in a patent application and how the patent office evaluates prior art and patentability can be daunting. A basic introduction to the criteria that examiners utilize when evaluating a patent application will be presented, as well as ideas for writing a specification. Inventors have to disclose certain information that is relevant to the patent process, and the details of this requirement and its relationship to patentability will be discussed. An example will be provided from an issued patent in nanotechnology with a brief review of the application and a high-level view of the exchanges between the office and the holder of rights to the patent application.
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ItemSilicon Electrochemical Neurosensor Systems(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008-05-27) Brown, RichardArrays of silicon neurosensors that detect both electrical signals and neurotransmitter levels in human neuron cultures have been fabricated. Neurochemical sensing of dopamine and its metabolites is provided by voltammetry. Five versions of the passive device were fabricated with platinum working electrode areas as small as 4 mm2 and silver/silver chloride pseudo-reference electrodes. Living human neuron cultures survived and produced data on passive devices throughout a study period of seventy-five days. Calibration curves for dopamine taken in culture media with equipment optimized for the sensors suggests detection limits for dopamine below 100 nM. To minimize system noise, prototype devices incorporating active circuitry were developed. The active devices are formed by post-processing standard foundry-fabricated CMOS circuits from the MOSIS service to form the sensor-specific features. Data from these devices, and early results from in vivo electrochemical neurosensors, will be presented. Circuits developed for these active brain probes and for other implantable biosensors highlight several goals of circuits for biological applications: small system size; small electronics size, low voltage, and low power.
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ItemDevelopment of Implantable Wireless Pressure Sensors for Chronic Disease Management(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008-05-13) Fonseca, Michael AgapitoCardioMEMS is a medical device company that has developed and is commercializing a proprietary wireless sensing and communication technology for the human body. Our technology platform is designed to improve the management of severe chronic cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and aneurysms. Our miniature wireless sensors can be implanted using minimally invasive techniques and transmit cardiac output, blood pressure and heart rate data that are critical to the management of patients. Due to their small size, durability, and lack of wires and batteries, our sensors are designed to be permanently implanted into the cardiovascular system. Using radiofrequency (RF) energy, our sensors can transmit real-time data to an external electronics module, which then communicates this information to the patient’s physician.