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Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program

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Comparison of Filtering Methods for Vibration Reduction

2009 , Smith, Anderson D.

Digital notch filtering, lowpass filtering, and input shaping are three well-known methods for shaping reference commands to reduce vibration in flexible systems. Both filters and input shapers are used to modify signal commands in such a way as to minimize vibration. In unshaped signal generation of tower cranes, the load on the crane will always have residual oscillation or swaying due to the crane’s motion. Filters and input shapers minimize this motion by shaping the original command through a series of impulses designed to be out of phase with the unshaped oscillation thus canceling the vibration. Since the introduction of robust input shaping (Singer, 1990) substantial evidence has led to the assessment that input shaping is superior to both notch and lowpass filtering for suppressing vibration in mechanical systems (Singer 1999). This project examines the validation of theoretical developments in the comparison between notch filtering, lowpass filtering, and input shaping utilizing portable bridge and tower cranes. Also, work was previously done with the WinCC software, provided by Siemens, in order to create a user interface in which the position of the tower crane trolley and payload are displayed on the WinCC along with the available workspace and a set of controls for actuating the crane. This project further develops the user interface of the WinCC software by providing a predictor which predicts the trolley motion of the tower crane.

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Development of an Algorithm for Determining Radiotoxicity of Spent Nuclear Fuel Over Time

2008 , Adams, Robert

Knowledge of how the radiotoxicity of spent nuclear fuel changes over time is essential when designing and evaluating spent fuel storage and treatment methods. The common method of performing calculations to obtain these data is to use standardized transmutation codes, which are computer programs with built-in solution methods to a given set of problem types. Currently widespread transmutation codes require a time-intensive process in order to prepare calculations of this nature and obtain the results in a convenient format. Furthermore, access to these transmutation codes is not universal. The purpose of this work was to use one of these codes, EASY2003, to develop a simpler and faster algorithm for solution of these time-dependent radiotoxicity changes. The basic methodology employed was to perform EASY2003 calculations separately on all relevant isotopes, and then to generate an algorithm that can amalgamate these individual results into a solution of any given fuel mixture and amount. For verification purposes, the algorithm generated was applied to a sample spent fuel mixture, and the solution was compared with a more traditional solution method generated by the transmutation code ORIGEN-ARP.

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Inherited Realities: Eugenics, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., and Buck v. Bell

2009 , Akin, John Warren

In this paper, an analysis of the records of involuntary sterilizations on black patients in the state of Georgia is performed, to study the intent versus the outcome of the Buck v. Bell decision. An analysis of the legal intent of the opinion's author, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., is also a major component of the paper. The study found that while the intent of the opinion placed it within Constitutional bounds, in implementation it pre-supposed far too high a degree of literacy of the population it was meant to apply to.

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Dynamics of an Acoustically Excited Swirl Flame

2008 , Ma, Hsin-Hsiao (Jim)

We present an experimental investigation of the dynamics of an acoustically excited swirl combustor. Simultaneous measurements were taken of the acoustic pressure, mean velocity, CH* and OH* radical chemiluminescence, and OH concentrations through planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) over a range of forcing frequencies, amplitudes and nozzle exit velocities. As the flame response grows linearly and monotonically with increasing forcing amplitude, the flame’s behavior becomes more complex at higher levels. The observed dynamics of the flame to some extent occur simultaneously, resulting from a combination of at least five flame/flow processes: (1) the oscillating velocity of the annular jet, oscillations in (2) position and (3) strength of the vortex breakdown bubble and separation bubble, (4) unsteady liftoff of the flame, and (5) an oscillating turbulent flame speed.

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MeMBL: Ring-Opening a Pathway to a Renewable, Chemically Customizable Plastic

2008 , Nolan, Michael R.

MeMBL (α-methylene-γ-methyl-γ-butyrolactone) is a biomass-derived compound known to be polymerizable to make an acrylic material with a high glass transition temperature. Presence of a lactone ring in the structure of MeMBL can be opened to create a pathway to modification of a MeMBL polymer. This would expand the range of uses for poly(MeMBL) as a plastic. A polymer composed of pure MeMBL and a polymer composed of MeMBL and styrene (the main component of Styrofoam) were prepared, and subjected to reactions with sodium hydroxide in alcohols, water, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Evidence of ring-opening was determined either by observation of a change in the polymer’s solubility or by NMR analysis. Both the pure MeMBL polymer and MeMBL/styrene copolymer showed evidence of ring-opening when exposed to sodium hydroxide in water, while no reaction was observed with the same treatment in alcohols. The poly(MeMBL) ring was observed to close over time. Ring-opening was found to be achievable, but ring-opening with hydroxide was found to be an ineffective pathway to further work on the opened ring.

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