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ItemImproving Online Instructional Design using Memory, Attention, and Engagement(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2022-05) Chanda, RitikaNeuroscience research supports a relationship between the psychological constructions of attention and engagement. The level of selective attention and engagement present during the learning process correlates with increased memory and recall. With the recent rise in online learning, new questions regarding the improvement of educational design, teaching techniques, and learning have created a new avenue of investigation within the field of Neuroeducation. The objective of this study is to identify whether attentional brain networks related to Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction and engagement can predict learning in an online setting by using fMRI and behavioral techniques. Overall, we found fMRI evidence of engagement, verified engagement’s role in memory and retrieval, and identified three Gagné events (Events 5, 6 and 7) that increase learning among students. This investigation allows for further advancements in online educational design as it will provide instructors with guidance on how to properly build their curriculum and modify the content structure of online classes to highlight techniques that promote successful learning.
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ItemSleep and Quasi-Periodic Patterns During Rest(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2022-05) Karkare, Maya C.In this preliminary study, researchers attempted to determine the relationship between sleep and quasi-periodic pattern strength. Three participants wore actigraphy watches for three nights prior to a resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scan. Actigraphy data was analyzed using the Cole Kripke analysis method. Functional connectivity was analyzed for quasi-periodic patterns (QPPs) between the default mode network (DMN) and the task-positive network (TPN). Due to errors involving preprocessing of rs-fMRI data, proper QPP analyses were unable to be conducted as the QPP template was abnormal. Further analysis of the data collected in the future will yield more conclusive results.
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ItemThe Impact of Sleep on Quasi-Periodic Patterns During Working Memory Tasks(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2022-05) Huell, Derek TerrellQuasi-periodic patterns (QPPs) are a form of low-frequency neural activity that include the interactions of both default mode and task positive networks. As this brain activity occurs constantly in our brains, they are suspected to contribute to the brain's functional connectivity. This is critical to our understanding understanding of the coordination of activity between multiple brain regions over time to accomplish tasks. Thus, this cognitive neuroscience study will seek to illuminate the effects of underlying brain mechanisms on QPPs, representing functional connectivity. Previous literature has shown that the pattern of QPPs may vary between individuals and with levels of sleep, and this variability may impact the brain's functional connectivity. In this study, we will analyze neural activity while participants complete 0-back, 2-back, and flanker tasks and a resting state fMRI scan, and pair these results with a wearable accelerometer to evaluate how sleep levels affect QPPs.
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ItemBroad Effects of Arousal on Quasi-Periodic Patterns of Brain Activity(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2020-12) Humm, Erek MatthewQuasi Periodic Patterns (QPPs) are recurring patterns of brain activity found in brain imaging data that last approximately 20 seconds and occur at no regular interval. In this experiment, researchers aim to establish a link between the level of mental arousal and the strength and frequency of QPPs. It was thought that increased levels of arousal would result in an increase in the strength and frequency of QPPs. To test this, subjects from three different contrasting experimental groups conducted tasks while in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner: (1) young subjects vs. old subjects, (2) task-engaged vs. resting-state, and (3) sleep disorder vs. no disorder. QPPs were regressed from the fMRI scans using an extensive processing and analysis pipeline. It was generally found that increased arousal levels led to an increase in the incidence and strength of QPPs. Increased arousal is present in young subjects, task-engaged subjects, and subjects without sleeping disorders. These results open the door for future experiments to quantify the link between arousal and QPPs. Establishing a link between these two can be vital to future research involving therapeutic devices, diagnostic tools, and even human-computer interfaces.
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ItemNeural Activation During Dual-task Processing with Simultaneous Stimulus Presentation(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2019-08) Alfonso, JulianaDespite extensive literature regarding response time cost in dual-task processing, the predominant procedures do not isolate task-processing from stimulus processing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neural correlates of motor learning and dual-task processing using a procedure in which stimulus processing was held constant. Participants learned to make bimanual or unimanual hand responses to indicate the individual or associated pairs of stimuli in two types of tasks. In the independent task (two-set task), participants made a response with the left hand corresponding to the left image shown on the screen and a response with the right hand based on the right image, simultaneously. In the relational task (one-set task), the individuals respond with button-presses to the pair of images shown. Subjects performed an equal number of trials per condition and neural activation during each trial was recorded using fMRI. Preliminary behavioral results showed that there was a significant interaction between task condition and response type, as well as a greater response time-cost for bimanual responses in the independent condition. Imaging analysis suggests significantly greater neural activation in the inferior frontal sulcus (IFS) during the independent task (p<0.01). These preliminary results seem to support the behavioral findings of Schumacher et al. (2018) and implicate, at a neural activation level, a dissociation in the location of task-processing between the independent and relational tasks.