[00:00:05]
>> It was excellent question of racism. Direction. Jokes interest in a free black person. Should we get answers that this reflects. This request and people are actually the power. Really because whites over structures. But blacks were moving off to the one nine hundred eighty S. they were moving.

[00:00:36]
Their structure for a while over the process of growth reverse slowly in the name nineties actually the next few days there was even an explicit or a good leader for if you don't actually reach the full force of black people who are just a little in the nineties most of the worst.

[00:00:58]
And live your life. Like humans did was really she going to come out with a punch to the races to justify your solution like the solution I put in the places I've got a bunch of good graces close to home that would say that in order to work and to reason that you needed growing up but since you grew up here.

[00:01:21]
Which is something. That here places like Cuba was assumed only quite well if you knew you couldn't use it occasionally or reaching or places of these huge you know we've made them do it because we don't have you to teach in Cuba that argument could not be used thanks to a doctor the five of life twenty five thousand I see will never switch schools so they have to come up with something else I mean what is going up just as you are.

[00:01:49]
But the. Group sure was shows according to studies done but if you must those shows that these are these are cruel you're saying that only of over one percent of the people working to do so on them live in a country with. The. Always count which is the essential usual crowd of about thirty or thirty for sure.

[00:02:11]
Whether you can control over your window dressing racial issues I am counting the WHO ARE GOING TO CHANGE going to be crucial to. Know who also crowd in the dorm room will be much more sensitive Walsh I'm pretty sure. I'm trying for very important good we've been working for national life well you know very much a couple of hundred people who want to do very well and we're.

[00:02:44]
Going to try to. Take too much time to just continue trying and you know for them very very quickly just worsen digital music program faster than it is opening up the economy even just a little bit which would be it would be dramatic in Cuba although not in in terms of what hubris I should say in the night in terms of the well with the Cuban economy needs even if it's just going back to the self employment.

[00:03:17]
Regulations as it was originally instituted which has been in there in the nineteenth ninety's which has been so poor to go with taxes and all sorts of absurd. Imitation since that. Opening up the economy because understandably they've been suppressing meat for most Cubans at this morning is breakfast lunch and.

[00:03:46]
So at the same time last December Gallup released the results to all to look only in her manner and some piano the capital of the eastern provinces the second most important city Cuba and two of the. Questions I thought again through your simple questions as to Latin Americans two of the questions I thought would be to hear the significant one was and remember this is in Q.

[00:04:17]
One was that forty percent in those in the two major cities in the country a country that is overwhelmingly urban. Said forty percent said they did not approve of their leaders and forty seven percent said they did and the rest was they did not so. And the second was that seventy five percent answered that they didn't have enough freedom but that said that if I were in Cuban leadership right now I would take those results we are serious I guess the economy will go all over the economy will go some way.

[00:05:02]
In two to bridging the gap but procedural. Issues may come up sooner rather than later Charis what I say watch out is just one possibility it is true that perhaps a cure but with no. Without the fear that sort of chalice in the same way but don't underestimate the power of the human doctors.

[00:05:31]
Because in fact it was a report not long ago that supposedly because of the turn all the ministries that normal turnover of these international established doctors abroad always than there was a shortage of doctors in the sea on these that was already causing some problems for China I think Justice interesting is what would happen in two to two scenarios of Cuba without.

[00:06:02]
People Cuba in the future. It's respect for President Carter to talk that way I am what it is a Cuba that in France becomes more like Vietnam that is the tearing down not a Stalinist dictatorship but very very in government that does well that without freedom but the society that is there in spite of increasing inequality the qualities in Cuba are are so minimal compared to the qualities in most Latin America what will that how will that challenge the.

[00:06:43]
Democrat democracy in Latin. And the other is democratic Cuba or more or less at the credit Cuba at the marker see that looks like Latin American democracy and have the best functioning democracy but the average functioning democracy in Latin America but at the democracy in which people have the right to speak up and also with so.

[00:07:08]
Or you details begin to emerge probably from Cuba come from I am me or for Washington about what life under the impression. That we also carry. Consequences for them and their impact and just quickly the Cuban American community part of the if you will sell out and very good human American community part of the problem is that although opinions have to change and we have survey after survey done in Miami with where we see the opinions have changed but about the embargo for example the travel ban but voters have most.

[00:07:54]
Registered voters in Cuba Miami are moving in and that came in the one nine hundred sixty S. for their children people like me to. Or. Most of mine Cuban Americans do. So but the problem is that the Democratic Party frankly that has never been on the voter registration drive.

[00:08:19]
On Cuban Americans because the soon to be Republican but the two thousand and four Bush restrictions on remittances and family this is the Cubans who community after in one thousand nine hundred eighty and particularly in the ninety nine the overwhelming. Oppose but they're not registered. Is this working well you know.

[00:08:48]
Let's see if I can try to compress the many very good questions that really asked first is what would Harvard have done in the second term. Where I would answer that is that in two of the meetings that I had with the dough Castro he was very different people in December of ninety seven he he was talking Africa as a sort of a boy's eyes he saw roads and he was a major player in the Cold War major actor.

[00:09:18]
Negotiating with the United States somebody who based in January of nineteen eighty I went back a month after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. And right after Fidel Castro had lost his chance for a place of the U.N. Security Council it got through weeks and weeks of negotiations the U.S. backed Colombia a lot of the Soviets none won back to Castro but at the moment of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan the day I'll just hold it he knew it was over and when I saw him in January of ninety eight he'd become a small figure we're going to we're really of course like that but small in the sense of you realize that he could not that the Soviet Union and.

[00:10:04]
West were facing off and he was not consequential. And then he was derivative he was peripheral of that strength and of course in nineteen eighty and eighty one the Cold War had returned with a vengeance and therefore in his second term by Carter there was very little likelihood that any progress could have been made with Cuba he knew that and so did the United States no matter what Carter tried to do with the beginning was to dislodge him from a Cold War say look we will swallow Angola so do Cubans to intervene and vote in in seventy five and seventy six well we don't like that and likely to get out but we're still prepared to talk with you but not if you expect your intervention in Africa under the circumstances declared the Soviets no way we're going to negotiate any further and he chose that path he chose to go to the Cold War and after that we're in after a very cold very leader with the it was a pawn so I don't think there was much room for maneuver reporter when the election.

[00:11:08]
And the question of who makes policy now you need to understand you have policy to Cuba. Is is divided into two parts first it's real policy substantive policy it's walked it's the hard realities it's hopeless burden which really dies the administration's him. And then the second is symbolic in attitude most of the time we're playing with attitude so you watch words and say let's talk and all the sudden people say this is a change in the policy now or maybe somebody will go down there it's a change of policy it's not it's really symbolic not in significant in U.S. Cuban or U.S. five American relations symbolic dimension has a major role but really we're not talking about major changes major changes will require repealing Holmesburg or rewriting it significant ways that's unlikely to happen.

[00:12:05]
So. They asked me to write the press statement for the person or for the guy I was I said you can put it away I've already done hundreds of interviews with N.B.C. News and others on Fidel that they've stopped for this obituary to go to but I each time I say when I finish it you're not going to you're going to come back five years now we're going to know it and begin doing that but but I'll write it for her now.

[00:12:35]
And then we'll lose it the moment where she really will need it for your four years or five years or ten years. And the statement should be that Fidel Castro has had an extraordinary impact on this war. For him to make us wrote a piece recently in foreign affairs and that's when you will in which he simply acknowledge what is obvious the man lived in the island and United a sense of nationalism in a country that really didn't have it that fourth and broke toward the first century since independence.

[00:13:12]
Now that's not to say that he wasn't or were pressed to control freak I'm in the traditional town B.-O.. Own which was a throwback to the one thousand century home but I would say that should acknowledge the impact and to the same time say this Walker is an opportunity for Cuba for the United States to try to pull towards a different relationship and for Cubans to move towards a new transitional.

[00:13:42]
Assistance. And to give space to do that and therefore don't raise expectations so high let's not. Encourage the dancing in the streets of Miami which inevitably will happen on and encourage maybe the OAS play some will I think it practically speaking it will but it would be to.

[00:14:04]
Harmful to do so for the same reason that would have been desirable for George Bush to be there got a U.N. Security Council resolution before he wanted to Iraq or not going to Iraq because it serves as a buffer it serves as a self restraint which I think the US is going to need after this transition but I don't think we're going to do that on another idea that he could do would be to adopt Bob Gates his idea which didn't get very far with this with the president vice president.

[00:14:36]
Now and that is to cool is that want to try to go prison all but more than that say offer and say we're closing this base to we in fact would like to work with you to create a hospital in this case for all be in or. From the U.S. standpoint we haven't really needed that patients to midnight in sixty's where we don't have the courage to leave because that means there will be a master of it.

[00:15:06]
But if you took the initiative and said let's transform this this stop this symbol of a place like colonial era. Into a symbol of a new relationship in the air is aimed at improving public health in the Americas and let's work with you the ports at N O R And by the way let's get rid of the prisoners there too and send them back where they came or at least charge them for crimes that would be a nice going to idea that's in our Constitution.

[00:15:41]
I think this would be a positive gesture was. Great OK now return to time of your questions and the and you get a question that you don't understand you might have come in georgia tech needs and he's not going to use and how to translate so we'll start from the.

[00:16:02]
Yes. This is a question. Professor Pastor. You question do you see. What was kind of thinking in. During the Bay of Pigs invasion when he apparently had five cruise ship just on the missions and I would just like to know a little bit more about that he was he was prepared to see the nuclear boat.

[00:16:27]
Is it true and just and if you could just listen to that. Yeah it wasn't very basic hits it was just a picture of Naples making sixty WANT TO was in October so of course they were going to miss the British record Yes he is I don't have to speculate because he has spoken on this in my presence twice.

[00:16:47]
And he has the kind of morning there. That repeats. On I think. He was he was being here you know your great revolutionary. Standing for the great nation of Cuba NOT a while in the United States to to threaten or to blackmail all of the great socialist solidarity very interesting more interesting question which will reveal the answer is why he allowed the missiles.

[00:17:20]
And a lot of speculation many dozens of books written in the United States on this. Is a answer with her and what we've since learned is very very interesting that humans actually came to him first which I can't improve because since the Bay of Pigs the United States was building up all kinds of covert operations there were signs that the United States maybe even invaded.

[00:17:47]
And they said Well would you like for us to defend you with missiles and Castres first response was We don't need missiles for defense we can defend ourselves very well and actually if you put missiles in black America they think we're not in the head and we. And we want the world to know that then the second answer.

[00:18:11]
From Fidel was but if you think this is important we're world wide socialist if it's our contribution to the global struggle against capitalism. And fascism then we're prepared to join that. Well you know push up didn't really care one after the other he just was prepared to do what he thought might help in the balance of power with the Soviet Union with the United States and.

[00:18:38]
They want to end it but that was revealing from where he was behind what he was a soldier in a global struggle against the United States and that soldier does not surrender that soldier stands up. And fights and indeed because Khrushchev withdrew the missiles He did I was so angry.

[00:19:04]
He was so angry that that Khrushchev had to send over. One Know. He was. The deputy prime minister of Russia or McCoy and he sent over McCoy or his deputy. To try to bring back in Explain to him why he did this whatever else Fidel was so angry he refused to see the point he refused to see him.

[00:19:34]
He wouldn't speak to the service and while he was still angry that cruise ship that had buckled under this pressure And. It only lasted the song to give me claims why I've had passed away and had to go back so that he would see them but he was very angry and it was interesting too was when Castro first told me this store was in the context of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was in January one thousand A.D. It turns out that it's so because I didn't bother to tell.

[00:20:04]
They were about to do this. From his standpoint this was the culmination of the bottom line movement he just held a summit in September and he wanted to be in your Security Council representing the hope for the world and he ultimately had the whole of the plug on there because the invasion was still respected not even inform him did not even brief Americans indeed the first time he learned what had happened in Afghanistan was one we briefed him on.

[00:20:31]
We briefed him on what had happened and what it led to the Soviet invasion he had heard it in that context it brought back all of these memories the sixty's and so we were actually walking out and we had a three hour conversation standing up walking out because it brought out sixty two to and again this feeling that he was in the front line to go see United States the Soviets have betrayed him twice.

[00:20:55]
Our procedure for going to the rest of this place to begin to have a question is from the submitted written questions and that will have one question from the audience and go back and forth no words and these are students submitted questions for the panel the first one in the United States we hear a lot about the Cuban exile community here but there are many Cubans in exile all this way you know what kind of brawl Let's talk communities outside of the United States playing deciding the future of post Castro Cuba.

[00:21:31]
Who are. You know hundreds Cuban in Spain. In the east wind. And the and there's a growing Cuban community in Mexico. With friendly I don't want to be. YOU WITH US centric but. We're here in Boca you know the. States and there are core. Goal. Even. Right now some of those Cuban community can see where there is no one in the border who gets Cuba and.

[00:22:14]
Sound investments in which you look already nonetheless what will be the turn toward the future there's no cure but is this thing the US and or little ritual of that of the big capital if it wants to go to Cuba to go there and the smaller capital since.

[00:22:39]
So that's why that's why I don't want to. Dismiss other Cuban diaspora us but the capital of the Cuban diaspora this. Is my and. Anyone else one hundred. Of this one is particularly for the better though when historically tensions between the martially Afro Cuban audience day and the wider Western Cuba have created political schism do you believe east west tensions will reemerge and what impact will race route from political tensions.

[00:23:24]
In the next one which. May lead yes for sure answers Yes Bill specials Hotham words are really true we do a lot of merging of course Russia will you go to Harvard will be emerged in the ninety's. Where. You could do equally or to be an equal moment to lose you going to the island when people from the East Room before you go.

[00:23:50]
To your real work or school work the proportional home you will see approval for Who are your moved or tried to move to the west for. The ocean Viner. It's almost impossible to get a house you know. Looking large in this sort of large movement of people or black people who will see us black in Juba coming from the east into have buying up and trying to find a place to leave up to survive these days a recipe for racial tensions those racial tensions are excluded in the mid ninety's ninety's when many in our neighborhood just recently white people from western Cuba.

[00:24:35]
Feel that the only entirely good locks in the house that was a proxy for Marcos So you know we're coming to have to try to. To settle there to try to leave there seems to have no housing how to recreate the pre-revolutionary institution which was these. This lumps these were truly poor neighborhoods which basically meant totally not true but basically disappeared because the world and basically destroyed them tried to reassign those people.

[00:25:14]
Who would do no other housing complexes. Those slums reappeared in the 1980's under Gorman react to your predictable manner they actually we don't know much about these but they're actually rounding off some of these folks to send them back to be sure you but. I assure you that in your post pressure you but those groups if your economic opportunities are again an equal used you will try to move again to western Cuba where there are more there were two is the going to be is more hope and I also assume there will crush will go over in the local two.

[00:25:52]
To deal with these in the same way however the price that will really go we will see the rebirth of. Our shanty towns on. Our. I know there are major cities you wish you. Were here with no questions for the young certainly in this group no I don't.

[00:26:20]
Think. You do that. But we hope that. You. Do with your whole group. You all know her. Or you knew her and. You know and hide his whole. Life. But she your mother you think you're. Going to go. You. Were going to go and. Vote you. Go. I think.

[00:27:22]
I think you need these good ones. And you need you need some more leadership from the good nurse you know. I think. Unless it was so obvious we all speak to her More obvious than is currently the case. To to to maintain the status quo I don't think it will be a major thing I think could be said some change the margins of changes that are out also change the remittances but to repeal him her is going to require cooperation at least one of those years or more and I don't think you'll see it and I think.

[00:28:05]
I think I think it's and it gets back to the point I was making before as long as there is that many ality in the United States particularly if you get American energy that if you step towards living a particle is a concession. Or is it if you don't have to there's no way that they can possibly tolerate or Except that so it requires almost their current through it we have to recognize it's no give It's no concession it's a way to work they have started that argument.

[00:28:39]
And it's not easy to sell. Publicly piggyback on how the self-serving question I said take Georgia Tech students on study abroad and I think that you have one of the few cysteine that he arrives the Cuban American universities you need to stay more than ten weeks from certain other permission do you think that that that part could be changed or is there any movement on that particular area again you know all the time on the coming vote soon in the house except for do you see any potential for change on that before the end of this is ministration.

[00:29:17]
I know the administration is has discussed it this week I think it is serious talks without states that are still stable and still the program well. But I I be surprised if they make any changes and I think that's quite possibly change the military. To do more of instituting questions many observers think progress though is more pragmatic and be then and more critical to the current Cuban economic system he has already gathered a commission on the role of property and more and more intellectuals close to the power lobby for reform in this domain Hugo might therefore move towards a more open economic model if that were the case which is obviously not sure do you think such a revolution would be the.

[00:30:04]
He can maintain the regime or that Cuba would follow the Chinese model or would it like we're talking or strike up excel at the collapse of the regime and create a call for more reforms of democracy. To talk. About taking rather I'll take to the first quarter because it's the.

[00:30:29]
Talk of my. Opening the human economy. Although I'm not and I'm cautiously optimistic that even with. That in. There there may be some movement not necessarily gaining rumination to. Restoring the ones that were for me in the ninety's there have been so. Yes I do think that there is more for the matter.

[00:31:03]
That is his history we've already in the Cuban economy since. The nine hundred seventy S.. And moreover it is without. Opening up a little we the economic platform is only. Ever new towards some form of the gym or like I said the economy is being discussed the beginning of May there is going to be a big assembly about economic efficiency and there are many other things small things nothing normal These are things that the Cuban leadership did before in the late seventy's and early eighty's so it's not inventing the wheel or from their point of view reinventing their own wheel but.

[00:31:56]
Things that a few Their pastor had put a stop to so in in that context I think that there might be. Down room for work and different. For for improvement for real improvement in the human economy not the growth rates that they report for whether the late that they need the hope of humans which is a small matter think of all politicians of whatever straight Democrats and patted politicians in particular that care about people's hope people who live on a daily basis.

[00:32:38]
I don't know who wrote that question but whoever did what to write or the world questions for your Ph D. exams I think it's the it's a it's beautifully. Executed question. And with regard to what the consequences might be if there weren't movement towards a property like regime.

[00:32:59]
I think it does provide. Alternative scenarios on Occupy I think be there there are course I think the Chinese example was a good one for several reasons number one is the debate on the property law at the at the most recent recent People's National Congress and my sense it is quite.

[00:33:22]
Quite similar to the debate that's gone on this issue within Cuba that is to say there are true dive the Will socialists relieved that private property in capitalism are evil. The most prominent and important in Cuba has been Fidel Castro. And but I've been told by other senior officials there isn't there is a strong waves within the party that believes that there is also group of technocrats Carlos' philosophy and others maybe your own you know nobody's sure.

[00:33:54]
Which are more pragmatic which see the benefits of markets that what they want to open up a little bit on that kind of debate is not likely to be resolved by thing. In this transition it may but I think if it were then the questions what's the consequence would lead to a stealth implosion of Gorbachev all or could be regime used to straighten itself out and as the question my sense is that whenever you introduce whenever you inject something new you have in a regime that's been so the stance of the stable and unchanging you are introducing it it only in a force in which you can never be certain what the consequences are and that's really the story of Gorbachev and nothing to do with the United States Gorbachev and a new generation came in and they practiced and they implemented an idea that had never been used in the Soviet system since one thousand seventeen yes it was called Tolerance of dissent And and and we saw the consequences of that could put it back that could put Humpty Dumpty back together again and I think this that that introducing you know a property right you might have that role although the truth is you know Cubans are very entrepreneurial every time they go out a little space for more kids they jumped into that space and developed it but and then they were acquiesced to when it was shut down again so so the short answer is we don't know except that it would be a powerful idea I would say not one that we're likely to see in the short term but if we did then you know things are beginning to change.

[00:35:41]
In him and he just did that something because in the previous discussion on Chinese the relationship between minutes when Cuba is. The relationship between Cuba and China is through the army so it's a much more institutional change. With one more question what role will the Catholic Church play out there.

[00:36:04]
Pastoral dogs. Probably a limit of Will There were two reasons first because really you both of them only know we. Were not part. Second because many Cubans are actually I think. Third because historically the church has hardly limited the guard people should be under the church were to be essential to shoemaking id's to sort of seize imagination for human people play a leading role.

[00:36:42]
As a sort of creating creating a Spiritual going to be spiritual good. Thing my feeling of the feeling of need people who use the church for your own good and therefore will not be diverse troubleshooter What are you ready for would you go. There if everybody agree with what they handed or just said but at the same time.

[00:37:09]
We don't know. What might have been in their mind if you need church to Christie and will move in that he is in ninety nine these and the other afterward. What do you mean it is called Who From there it changes however it's going to change. Not to underestimate the use the Communist Party of words that cannot raise Catholic professionals.

[00:37:40]
Who are also for the most part. Good moral ethical contacts that the mind will. Be important or will General road Cuba gets. Along we'll. And one thing I'm not. Eating. Raw meat we're. Going to see. What is going to. And will be in the. Book with you know reaction to join if you can call it really.

[00:38:28]
Is very much stigmatized hot it's a really good sting a little bit it's a very big problem getting rid of them you know. And it's also things like this are really. Being unleashed in these little informational cold war. But my question is you. Eventual use them obviously you love.

[00:38:56]
Midwest and want their disparities in the city but it is very. Little question that. Flow is democracy and what. Is good in the idea anybody. How would you prevent the same is that you are going in there and. You're helping to ruin your goals in Iraq great. If you want to be.

[00:39:24]
In the weeds in a. Place that's going to teach you all these. Very shrill from the remarks from. Those who preach first version of Works Did you will which will work much harder to do for your very good dinners they certainly were going to do for us I'm sure OK MS You just want to say.

[00:40:02]
This recession because. This process all. The social programs because you are usual. The day after the fall off you will find if you book we could very large very sensible Mark Udall one. Point that even though he will question the original source for the new people who are out of various kinds of vision people who hunger very strong sense of who they are people who have a very strong sense that they are part of you but when we saw him ghost images is just give people the I was really just people are are are are scrutiny of your work.

[00:40:44]
You could be conned into research thirty of the few local populations say you know what you're the one. On top of these people going to schools over the period themselves very proud of their achievements it's the mother's achievements but they're huge turnout professionals you know you Leaders are you know go through.

[00:41:07]
It's going to be very hard to send these people hard to get out and you look and you must not have you all sure you need the suits to go to work on the floors you but the point of that for two or three different parties or for us now.

[00:41:23]
That doesn't mean that there won't be pressures and that there won't be traces of will mark before you reach these parties because you are there will be pressures in the direction that you were doing them so I think we're going to see something similar to what we saw in Brazil in the ninety's seventy's and then you know is that transition which is that we will see some of these intellectuals these young people actually leader walking are you leading some sort of social movement.

[00:41:51]
Around questions of race trying to make sure that those issues are part of the political dialogue I don't see these people shouting down the diffusion I see them. Using every. Little sprigs of the interview too good reporting or you know what. Most humans will actually be seen by thirty one because humans are actually reading this notion that we are all one much above everything else and that he moves before school only true through some truth to the people.

[00:42:28]
Who lead these to be. Who created the reason for up to this you get this intro would you believe the way. This has to do with President Carter's trip to Cuba during the visit President Carter gave a speech at the University of Havana where he was about I don't project the kitchen to be published and you can use paper so that people could learn about can you tell us about the impact of this request in the response by the state owned media.

[00:43:02]
Room. The. Trip by President Carter and you know they've got to. Feel good about ten years to negotiate. But it took twenty years to get open so we did better than to go on and part of the negotiations written word that President Carter wanted to speak in Spanish live television on the radio directly to the Cuban people in the presence of Fidel Castro own and we would I share with them.

[00:43:40]
The text of the speech before it was given. And in next beach made to keep points on the first was that we need to move towards a new relationship between us and Cuban that requires the United States showing respect for Cuba and look to embark on a normalizing relations and Chevrolet for Cuba to become our own.

[00:44:04]
A vital member of the introverting community is needed to move towards respect for human rights and democracy because that's part of the OAS on the charter and on and that and as a first step except in so brave a referendum which was a proposal they started Cuban constitution by which the people of Cuba could choose whether they wanted to have free and fair elections.

[00:44:34]
And the Cuban people didn't know about the project until President Carter speak and they really. Really knew about it until the series of questions were asked of him after the speech and given the chance to develop in greater light and he then asked if that project could be published in the newspapers that it was Castro Greta that.

[00:44:58]
Since that tribe however they have done everything to arrest all of the people who are engaged in the frame up project and suppressed it as an option for the Cuban people. But I think it remains an idea a powerful one you don't want on there that will return in some fashion.

[00:45:22]
The one final question and. During the pastoral it's the regime in Cuba the nation thought transition from atheist to status to secular to a secular one after Castro is it possible or likely pretty humid to embrace a religious for Alan. And. I hope you remain to St Peter's that he.

[00:45:50]
More in. The next and we. Don't have to answer that but the Catholic Church has to be able to hear the good in. Humana and police in Cuba. John from Florida has been on the ground unfortunately. Nonetheless some individuals some priests within that have church have a dialogue with.

[00:46:27]
Sand there. You're smaller. Protestant churches in Cuba. There's a rebirth of the Jewish community which was and it. Still my hope is that in fact the Cuban constitution. Remains a secular constitution rather than having a state religion because it said secularism is opens the possibility of thought. Well I've bothered to put together this panel for selfish reasons which ones first I want to meet every one of them perilous.

[00:47:13]
And also I want to learn from the outskirts and I want my students to learn words about contemporary Cuba and the phrase have been ruined Well I'll use it anyway mission accomplished. And I feel very good about this Carol and I would like to also thank the students for excellent questions I feel they have I think shorts and questions but everything must come to an end and also the bank accounts are really fantastic papers here and thank you.

[00:47:49]
For.