We're going to have a really sort of
a lively interesting discussion today

with two very distinguished panelists
to talk about a range of design issues

including evidence based
assign interactive design.

Human centered human computer
interaction assistive technology.

A whole range of different topics but
I think we'll have

each presenter do slides and so
it will be a focused discussion.

My name is normal.

Trivedi I'm the director of academic
transition programs at the Center for

academic enrichment which is a relatively
new unit within the vice provost for

undergraduate education.

This is question and
many of the events of the last couple days

have really been inspired by Professor
Don Norman's latest book Living with

complexity which was chosen as the
freshman reading the first year reading.

So during the summer all first
year students receive the book.

Many of them read it and started
sketching it when they got to campus and

incorporated into the curriculum in
the freshman seminar classes and

also English eleven a one level no two.

So a lot of the campus has already been
engaged in this discussion since August.

Without delaying too much more and
tell you more about it.

I want to actually go ahead and
introduce our moderator for

the saving Professor Janet H. Murray.

She's an internationally
recognized interaction

designer specializing in digital
narrative and digital humanities.

Located within the digital media graduate
program in literature communicate

media literature media and communication.

She's associate dean for research and
faculty affairs in the Ivan Allen college.

And I now in college deans
recognition professor.

Since ninety nine when she came here
to Georgia Tech She founded the E.T.V.

her lab where which creates
prototypes of new narrative was

at the intersection of television and
computation.

Her latest book published by MIT Press
is entitled inventing the medium.

Principles of interaction
design as a cultural practice.

Please welcome Dr Morris.

Thank you.
Maybe it's a real pleasure to be here we

have four colleges from Georgia Tech
represented here but we do.

Actively do computer science.

I've been now and
College of Liberal arts architecture and.

And many of us have joint appointment and
employment in interdisciplinary labs.

So student to take away the message
there are many places where you have

been inspired by Norman's book
about this can pursue just.

In your education here.

We've already had dispute about the design
of the panel among the panelists.

So I can see it's going to be a very
lively conversation conversation

is going to focus on integrating
human centered design methodology and

evidence based research to develop
solutions for complex problems and

Don Norman has is
a foundational figure in.

Digital media design and human
computer interaction for his landmark

book The design of every day things you
taught us when that book first came out in

one thousand nine hundred eighty eight and
I'm old enough to remember that moment and

remember its original title even
which was the poetic things.

Well but

it was felt poet that it was the
psychology of everything but but at break.

He taught us that and

I think if you every time I travel
that any time you don't know how to.

Set the alarm clock or work the shower or

open the door that it is not your fault
but it is the fold of the designer

who did not communicate
the conceptual model to you and

this insight came in very timely
way before the onset lot of

confusing devices which we've been subject
to for the past twenty five years and

which will form employment force for some
of our graduates for many years to come

since we're not through assimilating
the digital into everything we do.

I hope that the new book made all of
you want to disobeyed the sign on

the quad that said don't take
a path across the grass and

to develop your own desire lines and

to realize that a sign means that they
have failed to design it appropriately.

Not that you shouldn't
be walking there so.

So any time you cut across you
will be striking a blow for

good to sign on the Georgia Tech campus.

So the dam will be responding to brief
presentations after from the due from

three members of the Georgia Tech faculty
so I will introduce three of them now.

And and then afterwards we will
have done two responses and

lively conversation I'm sure.

So if you guys would just stand up and
you know as I said So

Dr Craig Zimring is a professor in
the School of Architecture has a Ph D.'s

in environmental psychology and he directs
a multi-disciplinary research group that

focuses on understanding the relationships
between the physical environment to pelf

care and other facilities and human
satisfaction performance and behavior.

He served on.

The National Academy Board
on infrastructure in

the Constructed Environment
the joint Commission's roundtable on

the hospital of the future and
as a senior scientist

in developing the twenty ten
New York City active design guidelines

the first evidence based
active design guide like that.

Stonor is a professor in the College of
computing he's easy to identify here.

He founded it can take show
computing to see if you

can guess how said Ph D.
from MIT's Media Lab where he gained

international recognition as one of
the world's pioneers of wearable computers

an advocate of continuous access
every day use systems that has worn

a custom wearable computer since
nine hundred ninety three and

as someone who used to be at MIT I can
testify that he did it before it was cool.

But he made it cool at school because

of you he said co-founder of
the major conferences and

wearable computing he's offered over
a hundred science authored over

one hundred scientific publications in the
field consulted of course on Google Glass

since he was wearing this much cooler
version earlier when Larry and

Sergey were probably bugging
their first programs.

And Dr Steve in spring go.

Is a professor in the School of Applied
Physiology in the College of scientist

sciences and he also has appointments
in the program industrial design.

In architecture and the program in
bioengineering which is and juniors.

So he alone is across three

colleges which is very unusual and
is why Georgia Tech is such a cool place

to design things because people do that
they break disciplinary boundaries here.

His Ph.

He is in biomechanics and
his research interests are mobility and

seeding assistive technology and
rehabilitation engineering.

Dr Springle is the director of
the rehabilitation engineering in Applied

research that's rere lab at the Center for

assistive technology in
environmental access.

Which welcomes undergraduate researchers.

And so you should think about
getting involved there.

They're really lab and
it takes applied research and

devised about making development
targeting the increased health and

functioning of persons with disabilities.

OK Thank you guys.

And now we'll have actors.

Better.

Thank you.

So I'm going to talk today about
two domains where it's particularly

urgent that we we understand the
distinction between complex systems and

complicated systems and we're good design
can make these extremely complex systems

simpler potentially with
proper training and design.

So in this first example I'm talking about

the way in which the physical environment
encourages everyday physical activity.

Americans each year get fatter and
more sedentary that is now becoming true.

Unfortunately in the rest of
the developed world and a few years ago.

Gail nickel then a Ph D.

student at Georgia Tech made
a brilliant observation in my view.

She looked around.

Campus buildings three and
four storey buildings and

she noticed that in some cases.

Students and faculty walked
up the walked up the stairs.

Almost all the time rather than taking the
elevator eighty six percent of the eighty

five percent of the time in others they
walked up thirty five thirty eight percent

of the time these were buildings
same people same motivation.

What you discovered with a lot of analysis
looking at twenty buildings on two

campuses was that if you
design stairs in a way that

the stairs were available to you
when you walked in the building.

If they were well lit and
reasonably comfortable.

You were twice as likely
to walk up the stairs.

If they were simply out of sight
all of these were unlocked.

This led to a whole body of work that
contributed to the New York City

active design guidelines where we
worked with a large team from a number

of universities to create the active
design guidelines that contributed to.

A number of designs in
New York City as well as.

Now I think forty nine countries.

That shows how everyday physical
activity can be impacted

by the built environment and this
illustrates another of Professor Norman's

principles that often you're not even
aware of what changes your behavior.

If you walk in and the elevator is there
you'll automatically take it if you walk

in and there's a comfortable stare
you'll go up without thinking about it.

Assuming that you're
able bodied Next please.

The slides are available but.

Here are guides which are all
available downloadable for

free from the Center for
active design in New York City and that.

Jennifer to both sitting back here
just finished this this guide.

For the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
available on that site which shows how

these principles apply to
affordable family housing.

So.

Next please.

In a in a second area.

We have been developers with
many other people of the of

the practice of evidence based on
parallel to evidence based medicine.

The idea that using evidence you can help
predict the outcomes of your choices.

And that this has become particularly
powerful in health care.

A few years ago we helped
plan the new neuro

intensive care unit at the Emory
University Hospital here in Atlanta.

This was the neuro intensive care.

I see you room when we first
started studying the problem

we analyzed the tasks we looked
at what other people were doing.

We conducted mock ups and
that through this process

of of evidence mock ups in
simulation next police.

This is the room that resulted.

This is these are the rooms that are.

Now have been operating for several
years at the Emory University Hospital

the most important part of
this in my view is that.

The remarkable care team has been able to
improve care to the point where twenty

percent more people go home as
a consequence of providing better care.

Family members are are significantly
more likely to participate in care

in these places and

that part of what we need to understand
is that if family members are present.

They naturally become part of
the care process in a way that these

environments provide and

that we are supporting people in the most
difficult moments of their lives.

So next slide please.

So here is where you can
get more evidence of

more information about
evidence based design.

This is the website of our.

Of our sin to great design lab that's
a made up term simulation integration

that these are some of the partners
who are supporting and

implementing some of these
evidence based design principles.

Through our Cinta great
design lab next least.

So here is Janet made
the apparently simple but

in fact complicated request of
summarizing in one slide what we do.

And I think this is what it
is which is basically that.

Through upfront research understanding
how people use systems and

the impact of alternative
choices on outcomes.

And then ongoing
simulation which includes.

Systems that allow potential
users to interact with it but

also things like computer modeling and
simulation

we can provide designs that support
much better health and experienced.

Lower cost and if you have any
doubts about the importance of

of health care in American society
just call your government today.

Your federal government.

Thank you so much.

To get the next one.

Thank you so I spend

a lot of my time trying to make world
in pewters work in people's real lives.

Oftentimes the computers are secondary
to whatever you're doing but

are trying to act in a support role.

A lot of times these things can be
very simple they can be fast you can

make these things they
don't interrupt you.

By making the interaction so fast you
get in and out of the interface quickly.

The other thing you do is make interfaces
that are actually designed to work with

whatever you're doing in the real
world and that can be complex and

actually covering a lot of complexity
underneath the hood in trying to actually

map with the real world is the real
world is actually kind of complex.

So let's let's do a ranking for
example on a bicycle.

A bicycle is actually quite complex.

If you think about it.

What actually stops you is
this complex caliper system

where these two paths push against your
wheel but that's actually actually had by

these lines are going up into this
relatively carefully designed

system all the angles are correct a little
fictions of friction are correct.

This is why are going to this cable and

that cable is going through
the frame of the bicycle up

to the handlebars to this place where you
have something we can have a lever arm and

a pivot and this is actually
designed to fit your hand properly.

There's a lot complexity there.

And yet when that car cuts
you off on Peachtree Street.

You don't think about it.

You just stop right.

And we actually make interfaces say more

intellectual interfaces
that act the same way.

That you think through the device.

In one hundred sixty guys running this man
for Klein's and all for Klein it wrote

a paper about space and they're talking
about adapting man to space and

the idea of a cyborg a cyborg to
them was a man running a bicycle

is something where the mic mechanism
gets subsumed as an extension of self.

They give you another example that of the.

By the way one of things I should
mention is even to make things simple

sometimes bad things still happen.

Right.

So no matter how well you make your job.

Somebody will find a way to mess it up but

the let's talk about typing for
a second now.

On the surface a steno tech machine
only has twenty three keys.

It's actually much simpler on the surface
than this our standard keyboard of today.

But yet you can type three
hundred words you can sustain

three hundred words per minute
almost in a tight machine and

I explained to you how this works
if I'm going to type the word this.

The first syllable is on the left fingers
the valves on the thumb the thumbs.

The second syllable that's the last
syllable was on the right fingers.

So this is that key that key the th
he eat you together make eye

and then you have this S. and that's this
and you type entire words a time for

one stroke oftentimes when
we're now this is complex and

I fact nice seven percent of court
reporting students drop out.

We get that again ninety seven percent

of students who are learning's
not the typing dropout.

Yet we have not yet
found a better way of doing court

reporting that's more accurate or has
the fidelity of what actually happened.

The court room then this method.

These folks and stain three words
per minute and they capture.

A lot.

Of the nuances going on the courtroom
much better than a speech

recognition system we've made so far.

So here's an example from you know
eighteen hundreds on up of complexity

that seems required for the system but
yet these people once they reach

recent words in that they don't
think about this typing system.

They just do it they hear the words and

flows of the fingers and
just magical is part of them.

So here's a very complex system.

In some senses less complex mechanically
than the bicycle the very complex for

mental level that just becomes
part of rote becomes part of them.

Was an extension of self and that's why
things I think we need to do I always face

complex systems is can we actually figure
out if we need that complexity if we do.

Can we make it so that it becomes an
extension of the person these to do that

task an extension of their job close with
the flow of the job the During the time.

Thank you very much.

Yeah.

Yeah.

I know.

So I'm going through.

This story of engineering.

I'm pretty sure but
six mins I could nail a minute sweet

and song I'm going to talk
a little bit about a technology.

It's a very very interesting
thing to sort of study and

design in terms of students but

it's not as easy it's mainly
because of this I'm struck.

So that's what disability is
most people at least in this

country view is a more medical
diagnostic time struck.

That's really not true terms
of every day life and.

By definition function has to
be meaningful to the first

question from ability.

So I have the ability to
just don't understand

the hope it's not there and
that drives a lot of the technology I own

the razor as and you know in the
disability world that's the same thing.

So by extension folks when you can
call assistive technology designed

that you're confident that you focus
on rather than diagnosis or any other

you can ignore the second sort of you need
aspect of this which is a stakeholder and

on one of the very unique
things about technology.

It's just a technology this is the end
user is not the only stakeholder and

often not the one the celebs are paid for
and

so one of the thing for
students to sort of grasp it only desires.

Is this sort of complexity due to
stakeholder drives to the user group

they're really good then
there are less good thing.

There were maybe a million people
teachers really come into play.

Finally in this field at all you know if
you start ignoring the service delivery

provision model of
the manufacturing model or

distribution model you are missing
out on a lot of stakeholders.

If you work in the United States.

Well this becomes very big so these two
think it's OK This emphasis on function

and this diverse stakeholder groups where
I have to drive the student project

back and out you can see I've been sort
of throwing up student projects here and

you'll hear similarities between them but

design keeps off functional
neat things like your phone.

It's an actual functional need that you
need to vet and that's important thing.

For students to do and that we try to

engage at least two stakeholders
preferably three we had manufacturers.

That's hard to do but once again it's
a neat thing for students to do.

It's a neat thing for me to do because
I learn about it every year that forces

this design of chemical market
specs Georgia Tech by and large so

it's technically based drawing market
specs and there is also unique and

finally only huge advocate of design build
if you're dealing with the functional

construct for people that you're not
too familiar with you know Dr choice in

the third row here talks about designers
being farther away from there and

for their end user requires more good.

And that's through
the system technology and so

we do spend a lot of time in the US
in the use of prototyping some work.

So let me walk you through one thing.

So there's probably people here.

So we want to design one
device allowed children

with the ability limitations to sort of
get around the school in their house.

I just got a while since
I was in high school.

Carol it's hard to get the class for
me from the I've been bumped

into play and so often.

This is a tough thing.

FRANK So stability the technical aspects.

Eric Cantor's on saw her kids that don't
walk well if it's going to fall over.

OK that was unbelievably important
in that dominated design but

then you start talking to kids parents and
teachers and now you get a fuller picture

in everyday life not just
the forces from the injuries

you say you know what was said last

series of compromises that
must be made to serve as needs

desires of service facs constraints
that you need to deal with and stew.

Yes I need to learn how to
negotiate that might feel you know.

Finally your son interesting have been
sitting for thirty years longer than most

of all our stuff since
the US is completely

totally wrong until we write all this
new diligence up to the point and

then it hears it way more than we ever
expected and wanted a way simpler system

expected them to walk and
that becomes my final slice.

I think if you're interested in
designing in this space that your time.

I

have yet to sell.

Well and we've finished with
a lot of time to spare.

So going to take fifteen minutes now and
I'm going to send a timer for

the panelists to talk among them.

Yes.

They are of one mind.

Not only comes to help with another
helping when they could you just can't.

It doesn't work.

Yet I see somebody in
the back mumbling at light.

That was it interesting.

Which overlooks.

And there was

you know where you are difficult for

well over an hour

and those who do it.

I know that all too.

Of course not ever really get sick.

They're driving people right

around the word safe.

We'll tell you what

you asked for in the law

right.

Reminding me and

it is based on what you

having read highly trained in as

a person your friend said
what you will eat more

easily look at the same

is actually remarkably hard.

Billy Boy

boy you stand you are more

they are still on your back but

our school boards I am where I was
at the school we are doing without.

If you sign up for the start to go

back for more after this you
know that you have to ask for

something you want more or less and

we hope we want to go to
the reception now not

the understanding they don't

want to book the book or

they are caught with your bag and

they are in the back to

the point where it was
funny they were coming

and they want to make it happen and

they are going to get here a little
bit hard to get the leader

that is in the story to despair.

It's amazing.

Like the old gods it
was almost never on and

O'Callaghan how the drug
war more walk downstairs

walk all the way down to
the bottom really really acted on

the walk out of the first
second word is locked.

Even here.

The first day we walk into
the elevator to go up but

if you look at the easy

to watch.

Look it

will go naturally because there and

see your way some letters and

yes there were

people who are just like me something

to work on because

people look at Walkers
lots of people walk with

the one who is not use a walker
because it would make the law.

So I can carry

the story that you're

just a better athlete you want to

work for so

I think it's something that all of us are

like the

plants like your boss us was

the was

the last.

It was your

last name right.

That's why I think that was Are you

sure you're right.

That you know that the it that

was on the back.

Thanks for your.

Actually

really funny actually fine.

Rap Yes Larry can I get it
to be on record be careful.

I'm saying.
I guess you have to find rap for

us out there where people have made
their own fake really awful last

vices because it's
a status symbol that and

to me you know I used to when I went
to my class because cooking class put

down my device and said you want to try
this one through all the things you can do

all this wonderful technology and
all these magical things you can do and

only fifty percent of people want
raise their hand but to try it now.

I say scrubbing glass put
down I say how you want.

Try this nine percent raise
your hand on it now and

the was OK that

was at

the YES

YES YES YES.

OK.

Larry.

There was

that he said I'm fine with

that say

but then that person was just

very small or really

go out and

do.

OK so what things that really gets

you about people thinking
about glasses and they want to

do the whole augmented reality to register
graphics full field of view stuff.

I've done that is not was cut
out to be it's great for games.

It's great for spot the sniper other
words you know military applications but

your everyday life.

What you need is just the right amount
that information at just the right

time and more importantly.

Yes be quick be fastened out turns up
have an interface things longer than two

seconds to use you to not use that at all
they do a quick little demonstration here.

Actually

what you were told

not to mention the fact that when you
are looking at the car in front of you.

They look at your dash and look the car in
front of you you're changing the physical

focus your eyes and just the change of
focus of your eyes takes one half seconds.

This is why cars a car may
factures are making up displays in

the windshields actually overling it on
your speedometer your your tree on top

of what you're seeing in the world
at the right couple distance my eyes

are six.

That's how you know

where to

go and

that's going to an example of something
fine be through the augmentation of

what you're currently doing secondary but

designed to keep you in the flow
of your past which is driving.

We're going to grab your lovely

and go to you good luck No I think
there's a where is the paper

that used to follow the national
carrier study looking for

that one of the records are all there so

proud of the fact that
they're all good looking and

I use a phone or yeah we make up and

I CALL with Dr Who down to the say for us.

We'll walk you go in
the morning around the city

before you leave your house
from here on wheels and

we will go back and forth to stop
what will be a few cases if it is at

the station or if it did you know I just

thought it was on the way all the flow.

You need to go and
pick our new Mr counted me

higher pay his contract and
then you go on in the house and

doing the book that's wrong and he.

Was it was on our love for it was you know

because we use a computer you

selected probably call them
in you he clicked on this and

you are this week you will be
without one of the water and

the crew throw your problems
with it off while one

little problem you are issues now
the future of that manual consists of.

And yeah working in my universe
we have a new class to

talk about the way I like
to wonder who the likes

of almost never talk with us at last and
best of all that's really good movie.

You're a good listener patient.

There is a patient that you're sitting
next to you in your own life where

there is a man walk over one could see

all of his running mate in

order to go the way they do if I just know

that and then they settle up any
good if you're going to wrap it

literally they all are there for

you read when you sat in the east

the marmoset all the family were
going to go door to sleep in this

little piece of clothing alarms you and

you the blood around her
a lot of them up and

he said look go on out what we
did with anything there and

really actually do
anything to get in here we

have all right if we leave their children.

Why not make it a more readily if you

an example if you give you
the slave the medical to see

you the better you figure out the flow
on right now because of the fact

that we have all of the history of
patients right here in this you know

working out is not up.

Later walking around with the way

they were looking.

Yes they're looking great and
you know how rich from

Thapar How

old until now there was already
more I'll tell you a question

that you have might

yeah yeah yeah yeah

you're asking about this and if you

were in our lives.

Let me be the question you get off your

walking around the city
when I hear anything about.

Well you know all I know and
this I will eat

and there is a can see it all out.

So you know that is.

Just like that over
the way it's transparent.

There you have it right
there to the right.

There's even something that really
care how many veterans like this.

Now this after the flick are gone.

You have to tap outside
here right now this play

comes on shuffle you just saw it actually
Senator why by doing this right.

There's also some people that you
can actually if you actually aim up

high enough if you come on it as well.

If you physically move your head.

I personally.

Apparently you know not
my head way too much.

So I've kept it off even though
it's my team that does it.

Yes So you know last design to be there.

We need it and
gone we're not we don't need it.

That's part of the that's
part of it right.

If you if you end up looking
up in the upper right.

There's nothing there to speak of
the split on this is obviously a lot of

people who understand your belief
that you don't want to look that

way that very fact you

know that he

loves you know they're like.

We used to handle it.

Not on the list you go on.

So it's not me.

Look at me now see.

Yeah yeah.

So this is there's one thing I've been
trying to do is I'm trying to articulate

interaction principles.

People who you know have their own
ideas of what class should be that come

from science fiction and you know
these people never were has a play for

more than twenty minutes and
a live one time.

And so they don't understand the idea.

This is a secondary interface in
our stand it's most of the time.

All right.

It comes on when you need it.

This is a live and you are still

my life is

that the rest

of this is really don't want to be
hassled that you can use a complicated.

One things you have to
do as design somebody is

oftentimes you have a set of software
here's a really bright very very smart.

You know there's a very bright.

And it's like why can't you do this and

something simple stats lawfully just
targeting you know things on the screen or

charting things on a track
they won't believe you.

They won't believe the fundamental laws of
all that's what you do have to do is you

design the fast fast experiment
possible to prove your

point here you can do it this way you can
do it this way and let them the story for

themselves the same principles you've
been taught your Georgia Tech has I think

McLuhan that a lot of people talk have
both experience understanding and

like to talk about understanding but
experience affects your behavior.

You need to give you can talk about
all theories that you want until they

actually have the experience of using
a bad interface versus a good interface or

a bad physical device was a good thing
is the price they won't acknowledge and

I mean if you are to this day you know
the worst possible interfaces and

a case like this.

You're going to the who say you
can't use it you don't deserve

all this is a question that of course is

whether there are changes because of
the digital world rather than Horne's is

therefore in spread those of you who don't
know it's a relationship between a person

and an object you know I can pick
this up because the life isn't like

the old order that I can also
grow it like this it may

also break here because of growing you and
those are powerful.

It's not visible property.

It's a related to the physical
object in me I can sit

on a chair with an elephant
put here is not syllable.

Or a little bit suitable for a person and

I can throw this out
again it's a relation and

I love that that explodes on the page.

If you're going to lean
out of the forty and

one resign or zoom into the screen and
say this is true here you

here you have to know how well
call it with your code color and

so I said no no in the book
Living with Lefty and

the newly issued you started every
day they finally revived after twenty

five years to come out in the group.

I say to her circle

or whatever and so I

read out the

word

here that she wanted to get a good
example of the regime and that he was her

and the local was.

And a slogan is the work you walk want.

I also want to tell you all the old
think is that we thought I want

to thank you for the Cure.

Thank you.

Well that's the way.

OK OK Let

me let me let me I can't resist
jumping into this a little bit.

Which is that is that you.

That's a wonderful example
of why we've gotten into

the problem we have in health care.

Because every device in every solution
in every process in every sub

process is sub optimized and
if you don't mind I will use your story.

Now many times did was because it's
a wonderful example of this and

the the the problem and Professor Norman
talks about it in his book is you have

to think about this is a system and
expand the system and that working for

that particular device manufacturer you
might not have had that option but for

those of us who look in our Simply great
design lab or working with hospitals.

We have to think about
the operating room as a system.

And then begin to optimize that system and
understand how to reduce

the noise across all those alarms
have them talk to one another and

have only the important alarms or
other ways of doing it coming.

Your phone.

Provided So
it is as a designer the question is

your opportunity when you can

use to redefine the problem rather
than dealing with the symptom right.

So rather than saying the problem
is that they can't hear.

Or your device so you make it so
that that's the symptom so

the solution is to make it louder.

The question is can you redefine it so
that they can take proper action.

When your device requires attention and
maybe there's another set of

solutions other than alarms or
making it louder that there was developed

people happen to have
problems being worked out

over the last half of the road and
you asked and here

and there and there's a letter

and actually work hard in the car and
there is an.

No this is the solution.

Whatever you know it was a sicko.

And they're going to finally told

you this is sensible.

Yeah a little bit of a to.