So all of your losses.

Was all a whole.

Lot.

And it's all right.

He's just.

A record this is a school.

Well supposedly someone.

Played.

So well you know it was
educated as a compass.

For you so he'll.

Use those people's awful
weapons which she started.

When she told the story.

So what it tells me yours.

You'll hear.

He's.

Say.

Say.

Say Well.

It's our pleasure.

Really.

OK So thank you very very much.

And I can I thank all of the students
especially for coming out when I'm sure

there are more fun things that you guys
could be doing or doing your homework or

whatever Can everybody hear me
is the sound OK in the back.

Yeah.

It's OK OK So.

I'm going to talk about.

How we appreciate what we see and
what we hear and

to a certain extent I would take
the position that nobody really

understands this and
certainly I don't understand it so

what I ask you to do is the audience in
your own brains and minds is to try to

be thinking about what you see what
you hear and whether it sounds.

Good or it looks good and
why that might be.

So I'm not going to tell
you very much about

how much I know it's more
about how much I don't know.

So in the talk I'm going to give several
demonstrations of sound generated in

unusual ways then several demonstrations
of images generated an unusual ways and

then there are some basic questions how do
our brains interpret what we perceive and

what we think is beautiful.

I know this is a public lecture most
of the people here look like they're

associated with the university in one
manner or another but are there other

people in here who are actually part
of what you might call the public.

Of terrific So thanks so much for coming.

So you OK So.

I'll start off by saying
the ability to appreciate music and

art are uniquely human characteristics so
one of the things that impresses

me whenever I travel around someplace
it's almost every place you go

there are people who
are involved with making music.

There are people in bars or
pubs or choruses or

churches and people making music so
it's something very human art is

a little bit more tricky at least for me.

I don't know the I mean I think there
are some demonstrations of monkeys doing

drawings so maybe if you live in New York
City and you go to a gallery you might be

able to buy one of those drawings for
some amount of money.

So I don't know if it's uniquely human but

it certainly is it certainly is
a part of the human experience that

cuts really across all cultures I would
say the pursuit of definitions of art and

beauty Rosen and take with me I'm
only going to say give two examples.

One is our Stardoll who said that cheats
forms of beauty are order and symmetry and

definiteness which the mathematical
sciences demonstrate in a special degree

so I like that because people in my
area very interested in mathematics and

symmetries and so forth a contrary
view is by a contemporary.

Person who's interested in philosophy
aesthetics who says a static theory is

a logically they need to define what
cannot be defined to state a necessary and

sufficient properties of that
which has no necessary and

sufficient properties Marse White.

OK so I'm going to start off talking
about what I would call chaotic music and

body music and I don't know if
anybody's I know that some of the some

of the older people in the audience
have read this book book by James quirk

that came out in the one nine hundred
eighty S. which really popularized some

of the notions of chaos to the world.

Probably most of the people here have seen
Jurassic Park their Jurassic Park one

where Jeff go boom Ex
planes what chaos is so

when you go home check on
You Tube to hear just go Bloom's

explanation it's pretty good
I'm not going to play it here.

However I will give you
an example of chaos and so

this is oriented towards
non-mathematicians and.

The basic one basic way to generate
what's called chaotic dynamics

is by applying an algorithm the algorithm
starts with a number and it generates

another number now the concept of chaos
is that I can have a definite rule and

when I apply that rule I get I know
of a rule for generating numbers.

I can find from one number I
can find the next number but

that rule generates a sequence
which is random it seems to be

quite irregular So we say take
a typical number between zero and

one so people who are non mathematicians
would take a number maybe a third or

a fourth but a mathematician might take
one divided by the square root of two or

one divided by pi So a typical number
between zero and one has an infinite

number of decimal places which is
never going to repeat repeat so

practice number from one multiply
the resulting number by four

times the original number this gives
a new number between zero and one and

then you repeat that OK So
this is an example of what's called

an iterative system you start off with
one value you generate a new value and

then you use the same algorithm the same
rule to continue computing new values and

new values and new values so.

For most numbers between zero and one and
this is most numbers that means irrational

numbers numbers that don't have can't be
generated as a ratio between two integers

this will generate an eight periodic
sequence of numbers between zero and

one and this is represented mathematically
by an equation if you don't know

the equation Don't worry the geometry
of this is associated with

very very simple functions and
the lower right hand corner here

shows what gives
a graphical representation.

Of exactly that procedure that we just
went to if you take the values so

on the on the X. axis here we have
the values between zero and one in the Y.

axis we have the values between zero and
one given one value on the X.

axis we generate the next
value on the wall.

I.X.'s or accent plus one and we keep
on iterating that process now if you

see what the sequence is that you get from
that the sequence that you get can be very

irregular and a periodic in fact and
it can be proven

some of the mathematical properties
of this can be proven now.

In one of my post docs I was
at the University of Rochester

one of the people at the University
of Rochester was named Jeff press and

Jefferson was in the chemistry
department we were both working

with a physicist named Elliott Montreaux
who some of the physicists here

will have met some of the older
physicists may have known or met and

Jeff was a musician as well as
a chemist Eventually he decided to go

into music rather than to chemistry and
he also.

Tragically died at a very
at a very young age.

When he learned about chaotic music
when he learned about chaos he

generated time sequences
which are generated by simple

in the river systems just like the one
that I showed you some bang to just play

you if it works does that's Geoff's voice.

This tape goes on for about thirty

minutes.

We're do like to listen to more of it.

How many people actually
thought it sounded cool.

And anybody.

OK So some people kind of liked it when I
asked the same question in Montreal in my

classes they say no so
you guys are more I haven't got here OK So

might you say the following about it I
do not see how the feelings transmitted

by this work could unite people not
specially trained to submit themselves to

its complex hypnotism but I am unable
to imagine to myself a crowd of normal

people who could understand anything of
this long confuse an artificial production

except short snatches that I lost in
the sea of what is in comprehensible OK so

that's not a quote a bad about Geoff
pressings tape what who is it and

what is he talking about anybody no and.

No not John Cage.

Anybody another guess one more guess.

This is Leo Tolstoy describing
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.

Here is a critical commentary
up zero point zero Erdos

one of the great number theory says why
are numbers beautiful it's like asking why

is Beethoven's Ninth Symphony beautiful
if you don't see why someone can tell you

I know numbers a beautiful if they aren't
beautiful Nothing is OK so here is

someone not contemporary of of Beethoven
but say Well everybody now knows.

Beethoven's Ninth Symphony us beautiful
Here's another Here's another quote you

have in Montreal so excuse my French
accent when I see an icon spec tacked to.

Feel Kola probably Deshaun cell is a.

Speck Hey what's that referring to.

What.

No no no no no no.

Yeah.

No no no.

Music music music French.

No no no yeah.

Well.

No no no it's the Rite of
Spring Stravinsky's Rite of Spring OK So

this is so when the Rite of Spring which
I think is fantastic piece of music

in Le Figaro in nine hundred thirteen this
is what it was received when this played

it was also a ballet with people dancing
around in leotards or whatever so.

But people got up they booed
a screen they left the theater OK.

Here's a series here's a series of.

Of pieces of of a scientist musician.

Diana DAB Dabi and what she did is
she started with box prelude in C.

and then she did variations of this
based on some algorithm based on

some chaotic mathematics so I'm just going
to play there are three very There is one

original and she's a she's
a accomplished pianist so this is her

playing.

The.

OK So that's the original and

now she's playing variations raise
your hand when you hear wrong

note.

Sutil sounds like pa.

But it's a little funky

and.

OK And there's one more one
more there's more extreme

variations.

OK so you get the idea of that so

it's it's all based on
the Bach it's not original.

But it's using chaotic mathematics
to come up with variations

on box the piece now.

This is a picture of
the Grateful Dead who I have to admit

when people in my generation
were out there smoking.

And listening to the Grateful Dead I
was doing science

some.

Say more about the Grateful Dead
in the second.

And McGill There was
a student named Mark by Laura

who's now a professor at Penn State and
Mark had to do a Ph D.

thesis between the physiology Department
and the music department in which he did

what's called sonification
of physiological signals so

the sonification physiological signals he
took the aid took records of the heartbeat

and then he he developed ways to
Sana Fiat and I'll just play you.

Data So this gives huge compression of
data there are a variety of different

techniques that he developed to do the
sonification this is a healthy heartbeat.

OK.

And this is a pain this is someone who
has sleep at the in the middle of the

sleep.

So if you're a doctor so one of our ideas
was this might be used diagnostically if

you're a doctor you might listen to what's
happening over the course of the night in

a minute and you can just hear what's
happening the way we use sound cues for

many different things so.

Mark went to the University
of Pennsylvania and

in the University of Pennsylvania now.

He he.

He started being in.

Kristen in sonification of other
things besides the heart so

he hooked up with a neurologist
he did two things One is

he hooked up with George Smoot who is
a Nobel Prize winner in Physics and

they did sonification of signals
from galactic signals and

the other thing that he did is he worked
with Mickey Hart now Mickey Hart.

Mickey Hart.

Was the drummer for the Grateful Dead
OK Did anybody know Mickey Hart.

Name before this nobody making always
a drama from the Grateful Dead and

we'll go try to go to this first clip.

And we'll try to play this.

So this is most immediate now as I'm
going to show you the rhythms of Mickey's

brain superimposed on
his brain in real time.

That's our goal all right let's try this
out so let's show you Alpharetta Holmes.

Adam is a neurologist what you're
looking at is real time out for them so

these are those first rhythms described by
Hans Berger in the early one nine hundred

S. in Leakey's brains changing in real
time recorded from this cap superimposed

on his brain this is very reassuring
there they are there he has a.

Functioning brain good it's
above ground that's good.

Now what I'm doing is show you Theater
rhythms theater rhythms you can see they

have a very strong frontal dominance these
are the rhythms that are so she added with

attention concentration working memory
holding information on line we could view

all these rhythms in real time right now
it's a demonstration it's the first of its

kind that I know of in experiencing this
in a live audience here but what we hope.

It is that this will also drive the very
research can be able to visualize

your own brain rhythms in real
time Hope you to control them

OK we have the rhythms going on now what
we want to do is something also unique

we're going to let you hear
the rhythms of Mickey's brain so

let's turn off Can we hear Alpha.

What we've done is we've sought a five
alpha rhythm we've converted from

a frequency that you can hear into a level
you can hear that would be Alpha zero

move over turn it off take a look at Veda.

So we kept the relationship
between the rhythm rhythm is for.

Here but it's relationship with.

Him Again the background.

Rhythms are much more rapid.

Just playing at a high frequency So
let's bring on these rhythms and

let's turn on all of the sonification of
the brain and all the visualizations of

the rhythm.

With his

visualisation.

Down the line rein Anyway

now.

The certain part of the brain to be able
to see what part of the brain light so

anybody who wants to hear that more can
go to they can go to the website but

they also so so so what Mark said

is the video is from a presentation
at the American Association for

retired professionals all of whom
have heard of the Grateful Dead.

The sounds weren't.

Direct reflections of Mickey's brains
the graphic software was doing a spectral

analysis and sending intensity values for
the various regions alpha beta gamma

etc to my computer where I was running
oscillators that were transpositions of

these frequency ranges and their intensity
changes reflected the intensity changes

I was being sent so.

Mark by Laura has collaborated with Mickey
Hart on generating a few albums this

is superorganism is one of them another is
mysterium tremendous So there are a few.

A few.

Albums in which they've done or difficult
not composed by Bach or Jeff pressing but

which are or defecation of what's
happening inside people's bodies or

inside the universe so
these are also different ways to make

sounds OK so I'm going to.

Say I'm going to stop the sound
demonstrations here at the moment and

I'm now going to move over and
say something about vision OK so

I'm going to start off by giving a
demonstration and we'll see if we can get

the demonstration to work maybe
it should go on both screens.

OK so when I was a post-doctoral fellow

at the University of
Edinburgh in Scotland.

The person who I was working with who is
Christopher long at Higgens took a trip

to Syracuse University in New York talked
to a physicist named Eric Carr and

Erekat showed him a demonstration which he
thought was fascinating he came back and

showed it to us and I thought it was
fascinating also and the demonstration

was and you can unfortunately
you cannot do this any longer.

The demonstration was on Xerox machines so

the idea in the Xerox machine was to take
a blank piece of paper to stick it in

the Xerox machine to this was
really Xerox machines one of the.

Better technology machines.

Elsewhere Now stick it in the Xerox
machine take an image of it and

then take that image and
iterate it take an image of the image so

back in those days first of all
the Xerox machines in Scotland hope

there are no Scottish people here were
a little bit dirty they had specks of dust

the paper was pretty crappy because
the English people had cut down all of

the Scottish forests so the paper
had little brown specs and it and

what would happen if you took
the if you took the Xerox and

this is working so that you would
get little black dots OK And

then if you did the iteration of the
iteration so this is actually a copy from

the those days in one thousand nine
hundred sixty eight Believe it or not OK

if you take the copy of the copy.

Then this is what you get.

OK so you get more dots.

And if you take the copy
of the copy of the copy.

You get more dots.

And.

You get more dots some of the dots there
are more darts but some of them kind of

wear off on the paper that these are
transparencies of what we actually had so

you can keep on doing this if you do
it down to say here's the twelve top.

I wait so I'm only having
a small part of the screen here.

I would like to have a little more OK so
you get you get more and more dots and

I was very interested in the So all of
this was on paper I was this was on paper

and I was I found it was fascinating and

I actually wanted to do an analysis of
the spatial distribution of the dots so

the only way I could think of doing
an analysis Good thank you of the spatial

distribution of the dots was to put
the dots on transparencies project them up

on the screen draw a bunch of
circles like a bull's eye pad and

put a single dart in the center and then
count the number of dots in rings around

the center and that could be used to
determine to compute what the spatial auto

correlation function was of
these patterns of dots and

in the process of doing this I
had I made a transparency and

when I ended up superimposing one
of the transparency is on one of

the originals for example.

This is.

I have a blind spot in my
camera there with the OK so

what do you see there.

Nothing.

OK if you see more dots.

Or there's this it's from a.

From the large OK That's OK.

OK but in the process of doing that I
was fiddling around with the papers and

I ended up.

OK so if I do this correctly.

People say.

At

us.

I'm.

OK but people get the idea can you

see that.
OK so

you can see you can see that you can see
this so and so this is the fifteenth and

the seventeenth carcase superimposed in
fact it's impossible to superimpose them

both Exactly because back
in those days the Xerox

machines had a slight difference
in the magnification in the X.

direction in the Y. direction so they were
had slight changes in magnification so

they can't be they can't be done.

Superimposed exactly but
you get the idea you can see something or

I don't like to give a talk I don't like
to tell people what they can say but

all of those who are we're
seeing something and

and then there's an interesting question
of how does the visual system so

what's the visual system doing here.

This is this is.

This is a question which in my opinion
nobody knows exactly how the visual system

the Siena this is a very
very simple image.

There is there is correlations
in the image for each dot

there's a second that that's
approximately around the circle centered

at that point of rotation
which in this you can see

right around over there OK now when
I learned something about this

field called nonlinear dynamics I realized
that you could make other images.

Then just circles.

So let's see if I can
the store if I may or

may not be able to.

OK so
in order to get things done back in those

days which was the one
nine hundred seventy S..

We.

Randomly plotted coordinates
of four hundred dots and

then we hired somebody to draft them.

So this is four hundred dots and
can you see

is this some of the background is off so
that's.

A little but.

It's not as compelling as the other images
but people can perhaps see a particular

circular pattern there if you.

Can generate.

In general.

But if I can get

this.

We can generate.

We can generate this one.

So that another another transformation
can people see something there.

It looks kind of like war.

And drama and it looks kind of like
Andromeda so this is just you take one

pattern and then you expand the other
you expand the other by five percent and

when I saw this I was actually looking for
a job and I went to MIT and

I don't know if anybody here remember
is drawn to each physical chemist.

And MIT nobody heard of him.

Who I thought your member of the public.

Well OK So the joint physical

chemist who actually later on became head
of the Central Intelligence Agency in

the United States and I showed him this
and I said this is my theory of on drama

it's a visual illusion there's someplace
a beam splitter in the universe and

it's rotating the DAR rotating image
of the stars and you look I'm both of

them together and you see the galaxies.

And certainly we're on.

If that's true I guarantee you a tenured
for Professor position at MIT.

Well I'm a professor at McGill.

So it wasn't true but it was before people
had discovered gravitational lenses and

realized that the gravitation lenses could
give rise to image spreading of images so

there's one other thing that we can show.

Through to a different transformation but
but let's just move on this different

transformation we can also
generate hyperbolas with us so for

people who teach mathematics
this is how I teach about

geometry of critical points in
differential equations or in maps so

this is essentially visualizing a vector
field by plotting an initial point and

then a slight point that
displaced by a little bit then our

eyes are in some sense or other generating
the image of the vector field so

we can generate all of the different
geometries using these techniques OK

well now we're going to try to go back.

To the US and this is a multimedia

presentation which is
really dangerous to do.

But so far it's working and
hopefully it will continue to work.

Our Way The second.

Hold on.

To go back to my Power Point time and
straighten.

OK so.

This is a picture of Ben one
Mandelbrot who coined the word fractals

he wrote two really wonderful
books many years ago and

he said fractals are geometric object to
spawn it's extremely irregular and or

fragmented at all scales fractals of self
similar a small portion when in large

resembles the whole more or
less fractal geometry occurs in nature.

Riverbeds trees for
vessels etc etc So these are.

Rather amazing images and.

Just as we could give a rule for

generating that chaotic time
series you can give in words so

you don't have to know mathematics
you can give words to generate

the Mandelbrot set these are almost
iconic images at the moment so

the way you do the rule is you take four
numbers you can pute capital X. is X.

where minus Y. squared plus a you compute
that a Y. which is two X. Y. plus.

You go back to the start where you
say little X.'s big X. and Little Y.

is Big Y. and you repeat this for some
number of steps for example two hundred

fifty six steps you determine
the number of steps it takes until X.

squared plus Y. square discrete event.

And you associate a color for
a point in the Ab plane the Ab plane.

With the number of steps it
takes the color it's black if X.

squared plus Y. squared is less than two
at the end of the process the Mandelbrot

set is the resulting image in the A.B.
plane for initial point of X.

equals zero and Y. equals zero so
it's a bit of a mouthful but

it's a rule which which you can use for
any value A and B. you can deter.

Turman what it's whether it's black or
some color and

essentially what it's doing is
doing interation is have a map and

depending on the initial values you
either get a color or it's black and

white now.

If we now I'm going to go over here.

And now I'm going to go to image.

Full screen.

So this is what.

We're going to do a.

Minute do that.

OK So this is what the so

if we could just go to our whites here.

And of there's a way to make
them a little dimmer OK So

this is a picture of the Mandelbrot set so
this is software what I'm doing is I

have software here and the software
is is software which was downloaded

a long time ago it's from a company
called a rose a our O.-S.

and it's very nice software to
generate this now back in the old days

when I would get demonstrations of this I
would program a little H.P. computer and

it would take an hour to
generate these images.

Now what we can do with this
program is we can focus in

at a very small region and in that very
small region we can press the button and

it can go through the computation
of what's happening in that region

as quickly almost as you
can press the gadget.

There are some regions which
I like more than others.

There is we're just blowing up and
looking at very small regions

of the structure so let's just do
one more so I'm just blowing up.

We were at a tiny scale.

This is this was done using two
hundred fifty six iterations

I can now go through eight thousand
iterations of each point I get that

I can change the coloring
of the US Here's.

Where is this here's.

Where.

I can do.

Random because.

I can do rainbow colors.

And I can change the color scale.

So anybody who has a tendency for
epilepsy pre-schools

yours.

OK So
to me these are extraordinary images.

It's generated from the application
of a very simple iterative function.

One can ask the question and
I ask the question how come

the sound that was generated by iteration
of a very simple function sounded so

crummy and this looks so so nice this
is my personal opinion of how this

looks so so.

That's the demonstration of the.

Of the Mandelbrot OK so
now we'll see if we can get back.

To the presentation.

And.

OK so we did the demos of
the Mandelbrot seven patents OK So

then there's a question of how do we
see how do how is our brain actually

doing any of this processing and
this is from from a text.

By Eric Kandel Eric Cantor won
a Nobel Prize in physiology and

it's based on experimental work
which was done by Hugh bill and

diesel these are two neurophysiologist
who also won a Nobel Prize for

this work and
the basic idea of what they said

was that in a.

Can you see my arrow there.

OK that there are cells there
are cells in the visual system that

are appear to be hooked up to two to.

Two even on gated receptive
fields in the visual field.

They respond to edges or
lines sometimes moving in one direction or

another direction those cells seem
to be hooked up to other cells

the simple cells appear to be hooked
up to complex cells which seem to have

the inputs from several of the simple
cells that are oriented in

in particular orientations and
particular regions of the visual field so

when I discovered the star patterns my
mentor Christopher longer taken said

I should write up the results so I wrote
up the results that were published back in

one thousand nine hundred sixty nine and
I proposed that the visual columns

in the cortex of cats which had just
been described the functions of some of

the South could be used to compute
localized auto correlation functions

in the in of the inputs to the cat brain

as far as I know this is this is
similar to what people believe now I.

Refer to this paper this
is a paper that was

published in journal neurophysiology
from the group of mob shonen colleagues.

Signals in macaques try a cortical neurons
that support the perception of glass

patterns so it turns out that those
images of those stars are named for

me OK So.

So those are now called Class
patterns in the literature and

there are several hundred papers
where people have manipulated various

parameters of those to try to determine.

Characteristics which
enable us to see them.

Miss is one of the papers which
tries to define receptive fields

tries to plot the math tries to see
if everything is this working OK

so I'm not going to say very much about.

About the neurophysiology of the brain
it's not particularly my field

however there's a great deal of work done
which is associated with trying to map out

regions of the brain how these regions
are connected to one another and

there are some really absolutely
stunning new techniques

which people are using to be
able to study the anatomy and

also to study the functional anatomy
of the pathways in the human

brain it's almost certain to me
that the anatomy of the brain

is absolutely critical to
the functions that that it does and

this anatomy is very complicated
one of the things that people

are doing is they're trying to measure
what people known as functional M.R.I.

they're trying to see which brains of
the which areas of the brain are more or

less active These slides are slides
that come from Matthew Smith.

Matt Smith and
of MUP Chan this is unpublished and

I'm not sure why they were never able
to publish us but these are Pat.

Which are from the cut brain wall it
is viewing some of these start patterns

in different sorts of images so
it is possible to do recording of of

of not direct recording of neural
activity in the brain at the moment but

recording something that depends
on a real activity of the brain in

in animals as they are doing various
tasks this is also being done in.

In human brains as
they're given pleasant or

unpleasant task this is from
a group in Montreal Sartori and

Alan Evans group and then there are other.

There are other work which is
trying to see which which regions

of the brain might be more active or
less active depending on

the inputs that are going into the brain
this is with inputs that come from

auditory order to accuse so.

Why might we find the fractal images
something which may be pleasing and

the chaotic sounds not as pleasing and

one of the things one of the reasons
is that we are actually fairly familiar

with fractal images because
it's Mandelbrot was describing

the complicated self similar
geometries are very much part of what's

part of the world so this is
an image of the lung vasculature and

the one is also solving a problem
mammalian lung solving a problem

how can we get an oxygen native
blood oxygenated blood and

the air all put together in exactly
the same place are very close together and

the way nature is out of this is
coming up with this multi fractionated

geometry this vascular tour and
windpipe G. arm.

Three of the one.

In art there's also
images of natural images

this is from Elliott Porter
the nature photographer and

there are many elements in which trees and
clouds and mountains.

All have some kind of fractal geometry.

Jackson Pollock there was a Scientific
American article in December two thousand

and two that tried to try to
determine some of the fractal

geometry that may be associated
in Jackson Pollock paintings.

There are scientists piped in and read who
wrote a book that you would hear fractals.

Nother book discovering a new
a static of art science and

nature fractals the patterns
of chaos by John Briggs

to find mathematicians Michael Field and
modern Gallia bit scaly.

Have a book symmetry and chaos a search
for pattern and mathematics art and

nature and here is a chaotic quilt all of
these are coming from simple iterative

systems which generate these
patterns of unexpected subtlety and

beauty when put in the hands
of mathematicians who have

a highly refined static cents in
art as well as in mathematics so

I think I just like to finish over here so
if we could go back to

the last clip on You Tube.

This is making it hard he's wearing
goggles from the ambulance rift this is

a new immersive God knows what
Lord knows what's happening in

the spirit of young but it's new ways
of generating sound and light images.

Interacting with the weight from his brain
is that into computer programs just.

This.

You are.

Again.

OK so I will let Mickey Hart
have the last word here

because this is a quote that I love he
says I believe music can play a crucial

role in helping us transcend
the divisiveness of politics

race geography and
gender This is particularly relevant given

the current political situation
in the world that's my.

It is an energy that unites it
is also an energy that can heal

all we need is a groove
to move our feet and

a song to make the spirits or so
thanks very much for your attention.

Sure so
there are very rightly of composers and

I don't know I don't
know all of that work but

there are a variety of composers that
are specifically trying to embed.

Repetitive themes perhaps
going at different tempos.

In compositions I would also say that
one of the aspects of chaotic dynamics

is that there is when you start to
come close to an unstable manifold

as people were talking to me about today
you have repeating some of the same

elements in compositions in classical
music you have theme and variations.

You have reiterations of themes so
there are certain aspects of music

which have iterative aspects.

That also have to say that in the chaotic
chaotic excerpts that we played

there was no musical nuance
at all everything was played

at the same amplitude there
was no our changes of

phrasing there were none of
the things that musicians want

to put in when they're playing music
there was also an unfamiliar tonal

structure because it wasn't according to
the scales that we're familiar with so

there are many reasons why that
would not be familiar to anybody and

would be very hard to appreciate
to appreciate in the same

way.

So.

What.

Is.

This whole.

This.

So so.

I.

So actually this was my
last wide which I thought I

should just finish where I
was instead of doing this.

I think that appreciation music art
in beauty depend on the cultures and

what is experienced and how this past
modifies an individual's brain so

I think that people's brains are very
much shaped by their background and

experience and
I don't know necessarily what the common

the common motif is in
all of the music and

the fact that many of the compositions
said we now think of as being fantastic

great compositions were alien when
they were initially presented

is an indication I think that our brains
I think must have some regions which

was also part of the M.R.I. studies which
light up when you like something but

what makes those things slide up
are probably conditioned by culture and

background and experience but these
are questions that I don't know anything

about.

I think the thing that comes closest
to that is what that Diana DAB Diaby

was doing where she was doing some
chaotic transformations of the music

but people may have done things but

I'm not aware of it.

Wow.

You were.

So.

OK when I try to play Beethoven backwards
in time it sounds like Beethoven So

the chord structure still sounds like
Beethoven even if it's played backwards

in time so
I'm not sure I've had the same experience.

As as as you have.

I behold.

Something.

Out.

So close.

Up.

Here.

Is.

So.

So it is so
odd I don't get it either and in fact

I don't actually get
Jackson Pollack particularly if it

it may be great art I'm not sure how
we find out whether it's great art but.

I.

Actually like the way the fractal
images look more than I like the way

Jackson Pollock's paintings work so
I'm I'm I'm just not sure what determines

the aesthetic I can't give a good answer.

It's really all sure
it's very early here for

example I just.

Stand by the culture of people well.

It's something.

It's better but
I wouldn't bet on it my brain is the brain

perhaps stands and what system it gives as

is the brain an iterative system so so so.

So so one thing and

once again I'm I mean beyond my
depth in knowing what it is for

sure the brain is a dynamical system so
those of us in the audience who

are interested in dynamics can
think of the brain as dynamics.

Is it doing strict iterations the way
the simple way that the Xerox

machine is doing it or rationed I don't
think it is doing it aeration slike that

I think it's running in continuous time
but I think that there are physical

mechanisms there is connectivity that
we can understand a lot better and

I don't think we've scratched the surface.

As you know much about really know.

The user.

And we would use that but it's not.

There.

For.

US So
what the input is what what's the input

so.

Yes.

Yes.

So what happens.

It looks.

Words.

So it's a bad.

Well.

You.

Somebody just showed me a picture of I
don't know if this is deep brain but

the thing so I think that one of the
things which is interesting in the current

society now is that the technology for
generating

images the technology for
analyzing data the technology for

recording data from your body
is totally entering into

a new stratosphere which has
been impossible before and

I think that it has
profound implications for

understanding how the body works to have
the brain works possibly implications for

medicine we talked about that
a little bit this afternoon so

that the students here you're kind of
on the threshold of really amazing new

technologies which are going to which
are able to transduced what's happening in

the body to transform them in ways
which would really be unimaginable

ten years ago so I don't know
what I should look up what but

Google deep readiness Thanks.

It's.

Obviously when.

I saw an hour.

Or.

So.

Or so.

Or.

Hear.

You say.

Or why.

Or what words or.

And you can sort of look at
the structure of these words you know.

The sort of man that type of thing.

Talking about heart as
well I think yes and.

We have you smoking his brand but
if you're up there actually influence in

the room in this with his own brain
because our earnings are looking for

this us why we see these people
these Russians in Watts and her

clothes than there is like that is because
we're trying to say that randomness and

they were out there so I suspect that
Marlo police through all those random

uses of their own use can just
use Also this parade of also

realizing what looks good you know and
easy to sort of brings in and look for

you know sort of just needs really
are just rare as they say you know so

I think that's a very it's a very
interesting and good comment thank you for

that.

One question so you know.

Let's think we don't want to get it.