Right.
So as doctors said

are we talking about cycling and
the moments while cycling

in the trans to be an implication
while wearing a prestige this.

So the overall goal was to
improve the quality of life for

amputees and the three main ways of
doing that rehabilitation exercise or

recreation a study done recently showed or
found that amputees are less active

physically then just on
a daily day to day life.

They had about half as much
dynamic activity over a two day

period the way we went around looking it.

Improving life.

Physically I was with the cycling model
cycling is currently used in physical

therapy to help with a number
of different problems including

soft tissue injuries like A.C.L. tears and

other muscle injuries spinal cord injury
several palsy and other things like that.

It's also popular in the general public.

Just for recreation and exercise.

So in P.T.
cycling in general is pretty popular as it

is among the non amputee population
both recreationally and petted Atlee so

you can recreation with on the road and
off the road.

It's also possible for many imputation
levels from really long below

the knee all the way up above the knee and

hip to circulation levels as far as
research in cycling with amputees

it's been very limited mostly just with
amputees cycling with only one leg.

So we really have no idea what
effect the prosthesis has on

the system when they're riding.

Cycling research outside of the amputee
population is focused on these three main

areas of interest for me so
handsome an injury prevention and

enhanced physical rehab.

So the area we're mostly looking at here
would be the enhanced physical rehab and

possibly the injury prevention.

It's looked at using several
different subject populations.

As you would expect elite athletes
as well as the injured populations

like before the spinal cord injuries
soft tissue injuries things like that.

People look at various
aspects within cycling.

Look at general conditioning over time.

So as muscle chord nation strategies E.G.
how the muscles actually cycle in

biomechanics how the person interacts with
the bike on a physical level how the force

is transmitted from the person to the bike
and how that affects the person and

the equipment set up how to changing the
orientation of the bike where the seat is

and things like that change the other
aspects that you're looking at and

came improve on those things.

So I decided to focus on the biomechanics
aspect and there's several different

things that people look at within this
subcategory including the forces at

the pedal normal to the pedal as
well as tangential to the pedal.

They also look at the moment
about the the hip and

the ankle figure out how the person not
only what forces are being put on them but

how their muscles are actually
accomplishing it and people often group

this or it's connected with the to
see what kind of muscle forces and

reactions you're getting it's also
a limb asymmetry how people riding is

one side more dominant the other and the
other is that having a negative effect.

And then like I mentioned
how changing the system.

The saddle height and such will affect it.

My purpose was to determine
the moment about the knee and

persons with a trance to the amputation
while cycling with a prosthesis.

And this will give us a base
some baseline data to start from

when looking at other things.

So we want to know how the N.P.T.'s
compare to the nonempty to use within

the baseline measures.

So we can understand how
changes in the system

affect that baseline measurement
is a good is it bad.

And then can we really research that's
been done in the entire population

to be in P T P.

Or is it completely different and
we have to do everything differently.

So what I did was we had
three different subjects

to amputees both of
the unilateral trance to be.

Experienced cyclists experienced
prosthetic users and

then one intact person who had
ride to check our methods and

make sure we were getting
similar results as expected.

This is our system.

We had the person.

We followed the the genetics
of the system with the Viking

motion capture system you can see here
there's reflectors to capture the motion.

This person is one of the M.P. T's.

The.

Instrument and pedals.

It measures the force normal to
the pedal as well as tangential

to the pedal in the interior
post your direction.

So you capture the forces
in the saddle plane.

We had an adjustment bicycle.

You can see here all of these things move
so we adjusted it to the exact shape and

size of the person's normal frame that
they ride on so there was very minimal

adjustment period to ride this person or
they want to ride the bike.

And if anything felt weird
they could change it and

then before we started the testing.

Maybe T. is also used to
standardize prosthetic foot.

So that everyone.

Both of the subjects have the same thing.

There's a large variety out
there in prosthetic feet so

we want to make sure we decrease
the variability in that.

And with that prosthetic foot there
was no motion within the foot or

at the end goal joint.

This is the pedal we used this for four
sensors down here they had a clip those

panels so they weren't moving at all
the force was transmitted to the pedal.

So it six different cycling loads
self-selecting easy self selected hard and

then one hundred watts and
they gunned one hundred watts by

looking at their speed and
keeping it within a certain range.

I mean each of those three were done it.

Two different pedaling
velocity sixty R.P.M. and PM.

So once we had all that data.

We figured out we determine the new
moment calculation using inverse dynamics

with a computer program that was written
previously for some previous research.

Using in order to use that they calculated
the anthropometric data of the person but

because we were using amputees.

I was going to have to figure out
what it would be for the person.

So what would their weight equate
to because most the enterprise

that it uses the person's height and
weight.

So what effect is having on them or
not and what I would you use.

How do you classify the prosthesis and

really residual limb in moment
of inertia and things like that.

So those those are calculated.

Expected out of this is not our debt
of this is previously done down here

on the X. axis is the percent
of the cycle and so in writing.

If you start at the top.

There's zero percent or zero angle and
then all around hundred so

twenty five percent over here.

So starting in top dead center.

Person is an extension moment and then we.

And then as they go along down into
fraction and then back up into extension.

So we get with similar we
start out an extension.

And then down into flexion and

then back up into extension
this is the in tax object.

So no opacity says here.

This is the average of
all of five cycles going

his self selected heart at ninety R.P.M.
I don't look at all of the data yet

it's taking a while to get it
ready to go into the program.

So I'm sure I'm going to be
showing today the in tex addict

in the one of the amputee subjects.

Both of whom self selected hard
was around two hundred nine watts.

So this is the seven total for

the moments that were used to
average the previous slide so

as you can see it's pretty consistent
only were five different cycles.

This is the M.P..

Intact like and then he did rule them and

you can see this person too is also very
consistent well from one pedal stroke to

the other looking at the average
of these There's not too much of

a difference if you can see the peak
an extension inflection is pretty much.

It's very close.

There's some differences here.

I want to get I want to look
at the other amputee and

the other cycling trials before I can
make any sort of inference as to.

Is this significant or not.

So I don't know that's the person and

if you compare that the black
line here is intact subject.

Vs the two colored lines or the N.P.T. So
inter-personal the max forces are the max

moment excuse me a little higher but
it's still the same general shape.

Hopeful application of this
once we have all of our data.

Will be understanding what the effect
of the process is as is on the system

in an effort to improve N.P.T. cycling to
both make it safer and more effective.

So in a rehab situation.

How do you build a rehab program
to make it both safe to prevent

injuries as well as make it the best
effective program that relocation.

And in order to do that in addition

to forces and things like that or
how fast you would ride.

Would be the configuration of
both the prosthesis and the bike.

Should you raise a seat.

Should you lower the seat.

How does that affect how the person
uses their muscles and which ones

are contracting and stuff like that and
what forces are being put on the person.

Of this study that I found
one was very few subjects.

I only showed you one in BT but we really
only had two a couple people cancelled but

we're trying to get a few
more to get better datum.

So again I think spinning cyclists
might have been a drawback.

The one that I did show you was
a competitive cyclist before he lost

his leg and

he was back riding his bike competitively
within a year after the invitation.

So I'm not sure that he would
be a very good model for

what a new amputee might do or
feel and rehabilitation.

Directly after without
having ridden previously but

it is a good example that you
can't you can ride similarly.

To or not.

With some practice.

And then the third thing is the
characteristics of the reason I didn't go

into much about exactly what we did in
order to get those physical properties.

But.

I think it may have had a big impact.

I hadn't been able to
look at the numbers and

figure out what kind of impact it had and
I think in the future it might be better

to scan the limb using systems that
are currently in pretty place and

a prosthetic injury in its use and
impress that except to look at what

the actual shape of the limb is instead of
just assuming that it's a certain shape.

Geometrically like we did here.

References.

Question.

OK.

We did for the prosthesis.

I found this and it was like to use
the pendulum method to figure out

what would have been our show was and then
since we were only in the saddle playing.

Well.

At the height of the center
of mass with like a.

Seesaw type thing.

And they measured.

With the because I assume that.

The center of mass in the A.P. direction
for the socket in pylon would be directly

through the center of that and
then determined it for the foot itself and

then calculate what the two of them
would be and then move it that way.

Does that make sense.

Or is.

One plane.

So I found the high.

Height of it yet.

That's.

OK.

The saddle plane.

So in the height of it and

the distance over from the heel
to the show but since there.

Yeah remote using the same foot.

What length such that we
oriented at such of the clearly

was directly in line with the other so
it's basically around the ball a foot.

And so it was pretty sure there was
a really anything beyond the toe.

But you know we didn't calculate
in that that difference.

Go ahead.

Now and your topic was still working.

Well yeah.

That one.

So I know it was one of you know

what it's like many years.

Right here.

I would say I really don't have
any insight into that in so

it looked kind of looks like there is
a trend here but this is intact legs.

So it's kind of a little blip and then
even sort of a different kind of blip.

That doesn't exist on the intact subject.

So I really don't know what's
causing that or why it's there.

I don't know.

So.

You know what is

in this range you know yeah.

On this part of the stroke a lot of
times people are like the forces and

they're kind of hazy some when you're
learning or when you have coaches for

writing a lot of times you know you pull
up on the pedal in the in the back of

the stroke but
there's kind of if he whether or

not that works or doesn't work or
is it really useful or whatnot.

So what the person is doing on
the pedal at this point is kind of

up to what coaching they have had and
what ability they have and kind of.

I don't know what.

What kind of effect that would have here.

I would think it's definitely
individual to the subject as to

how they were writing at the time were
they trying to pull up or are not.

I mean as far as the price.

This is there's not as much weight
because they don't have a foot or

they maybe don't have as
much control of it so

prosthesis is pushing down
more than it normally would.

On their own tech side
because they're trying

to pull up with their
foot using their ankle.

It's.

You know variety of possibilities.

Now.

The person has gone in
that picture because.

He was measured for a different study.

So I don't have it.

But it was taken.

And I think your subject would help first.

Having would help you understand which
muscles were doing what it what times.

And how what kind of conjunction.

But I didn't really look too far and
E M G.

So you would add a complex
step to the process.

Suspension.

They were wearing the sockets and
suspension methods that they.

Typically wear long writing so
there was a decrease or

there wasn't as much acclimation period.

I believe both people were wearing.

This is bad and
no one was wearing a pin suspension.

And I think the other
person had this person

you can see is wearing
a suspension sleeve.

But I can't remember if he had a pin
underneath the suspension sleeve or.

If he was I can't remember but
typically people here there were a pin or

a suspension sleeve in like an expulsion
bow or something like that.

Yes.

Force the pedal.

Forces or signal.

Yes I didn't do that but
knowing those forces and.

The relative position of the pedal and
the crank.

We could get that.

I don't know.

I might.