For anyone who by chance may not know
I am Jacqueline Jones Royster dean of

the College of Liberal Arts and I am here
to welcome you to no one hundred and

twenty fifth anniversary
celebration arts at Tech.

During our long history here.

The liberal arts have grown and

evolved the pace with the institute
in the nineteen seventies and

eighties Georgia Tech transformed itself
from a regional college into a top flight

research one institution our
own strength as a robust

generator of research came with
the turn of the century when

the mission of the college was
refined to focus on the humanities and

social sciences research and I've been
around college has become foundational.

Shaping not only our identity.

Also our ways of working over
the years we have amassed much

about which we can be very proud we
are the nation's largest contingent of or

searchers in science medicine technology
and engineering our distinguished faculty

work in more than thirty areas of inquiry
and the sixteen research centers.

They are on the editorial
boards of major national and

international academic journals.

They are frequently recognized for
distinguished work in their fields and

hold appointments that influence of
development and direction of state and

national policy.

During the last five years faculty
have garnered more than thirty

million dollars and funding for research
and humanities and social sciences and

fact statistics from the National Science
Foundation show that I see is a leader

in liberal arts disciplines and
sponsored research far surpassing

the national average for average research
expenditures per faculty member.

And we are persistently in the top
three among religious arts and

this funded research.

One last point but certainly not least
among our accomplishments is that we

are distinctive in our extraordinary
commitment to enter disciplinary and

of ation and
being problems focus socially and

ethically conscious and
culturally informed.

And and making robust connections between
local and global issues and concerns.

Considering such strengths I
must wonder whether one day.

The world might look back on this
age of ubiquitous technology and

marvel at the notion that
there was ever a time when

innovation was attempt it without
bringing to bear what we know and

can do in the humanities and
social sciences but

we can be proud of right
now on this very day

is that Georgia Tech is an international
leader in research and education.

And ever increasingly so
is the College of Liberal Arts

with our quite interesting innovations
at the crossroads our panel

this morning embodies the strengths in
the multiple ways in which we are bridging

the humanities social sciences
engineering science computing and

technology the panel was
organized by Dr Janet Murray who

was James a professor of digital media in
the Scott school of literature media and

communication and
associate dean for research.

Dr Murray is an internationally
recognized interaction designer

specializing in digital narrative and
digital humanities.

Please join me in welcoming to
the podium Professor Janet.

Mari.

Thank you.

Because we have a lot of really
wonderful presentations ahead of us.

It's really a privilege to be here
on an Allen college Founders Day

when we tell this very moving
story again which calls us

to higher aspirations and
reminds us of our commitments.

The mornings research Pam reflect
many of the values of the college and

then you said a shared with the founder
including an intense gauge moment

in the present moment with
the broader his star and

a deep sense of human culture and
social value

emphasis is intensified by this year being
one hundred twenty fifth anniversary of

the of the liberal arts Georgia Tech and

so the panelists will all be
speaking from a template which will

foreground some of those resumes we're
going to introduce our moderator.

Yes SEC is the ninth twenty

thirteen recipient of the Ivan Allen
legacy faculty award.

She's a professor in the school of
literature media and communication and

a past president of the science
fiction Research Association

her research interests include science
fiction cultural history critical race and

gender studies and science and technology.

She's the author of several books
including galactic suburbia

recovering women science fiction and
coeditor of multiple collections.

She is currently completing and G.
and women's work in the early science

fiction community and
serving as associate producer for

The Independent science fiction
film rite of passage and.

Just in the past ten minutes
she won two more awards

fiction Research Association
best essay you ward for

an essay on the digital turn
in archival research and

a distance clerics and
distinguished service award for

her foundation no contributions to the
science fiction research associate with

thanks thanks to Janet for

those kind opening remarks and I want to
reiterate everyone else's welcome and

welcome you all to the twenty fourteen
Founders Day and in particular.

Welcome you to the opening panel
the innovation at the crossroads of

technology in the liberal arts.

I was delighted when Dr Murray asked me
to moderate this panel as you now know if

you didn't before I am
a science fiction scholar and

there are many many provocative
connections between science fiction and

the liberal arts at Georgia Tech.

I could probably talk about these for
hours but I'm just going to give you two

really quickly first and foremost
both science fiction community and

the liberal arts community at Tech strive
to put a human face on the most central

scientific and social issues of our day
but I also do this with an eye towards

looking backwards and forwards as well of
course and that leads me to the second

interesting kind of connection between
these two communities both aim to inspire

people from all walks of life to
put aside their differences and

to work together critically and
creatively to build a better future.

And in fact it's interesting.

That's been the central
story of science fiction.

Since it became a popular genre
in the eighteen eighties and

it's been one of the central missions
of the liberal arts at Texas we taught

the first English class here.

Also in the eighteen eighties.

So as you can see I could go on and
on like I said have a whole

list of these some of which my five year
old came up with and are very interesting.

I'd be delighted to share
those with you later.

But for now I'm sure that what you really
want to do is hear from our panelists.

So it's just a few moments I turn you
over to them but a few quick see.

Things First of all to keep

the flow of this going I'm going to let
each panelist introduce themselves.

Each will have about ten minutes to
talk and then that should give us time

at the end for question so I'm going to
ask that you as the audience hold your

questions until the very end we should
have about fifteen or twenty minutes there

will be microphones that you can use to
ask your questions we please ask that you

raise your hands of someone can deliver
you a microphone since we are recording.

We need to make sure that everything is
really clear for the for the recording.

All right great.

So again without further ado then
let's welcome our panelists for today.

Thank you.

Good morning thank you dean and
professor Mary.

Professor gets it.

And thanks to all of you
who have joined us today

to celebrate the liberal
arts of Georgia Tech.

I'm a very very and I'm going to tell you
about the pivot in my interdisciplinary

background that brought me here to
Georgia Tech and about my experience

the distinctive brand of liberal arts we
practice here in the Ivan Allen college.

And in my home school
the school of public policy.

I call this distinctive brand
translational liberal arts.

My background includes
an undergraduate degree in history

a professional degree in law.

And a mid career Ph D.

in philosophy of science begun a new
to do in one thousand nine hundred five

the year after I completed a visitor
ship admitted Ames law school.

The mid career pivot the brought me
from a career as a legal academic

to the Ivan Allen College of
Liberal Arts of Georgia Tech.

Is centered on an ethical legal and

policy problem that seized my attention
in one nine hundred ninety five.

The Human Genome Project was then and
there were.

OK.

And I had written about the issues
generated by our new knowledge of

the human genome which might in individual
cases yield important information about

our future health information that we and
our doctors might be interested in but

that our insurers employers
might be interested in as well.

The nine hundred ninety five there
was a convergence of two trends.

One was related to
the Human Genome Project and

that was the creation of genetically
engineered or transgenic animals.

The other was advances in human
assisted reproductive technologies

including in vitro fertilization or
I.V.'s.

If we put these two trends
together we could envision a day

when human genetic engineering
might be possible and

infect a literature surrounding that
possibility was quickly growing

as I contemplated the issues surrounding
the prospect of human genetic

engineering and a host of other issues
surrounding advancing bio science research

in biotechnology it was clear to me
that I needed to draw on a background

broader than legal training and
research and my mid career Ph D.

in philosophy of science and beauty
can in one nine hundred ninety five.

My work on human genetic engineering
of eventually generated two articles

three book chapters in a two thousand and
seven book roast of these written while in

place here at Georgia Tech beginning
in one thousand nine hundred nine and

it also generated a research program
that grew out of this particular

policy problem to encompass
a broader theoretical and

practice framework for
addressing the ethical legal and

policy issues surrounding advances
in bioscience and biotechnology.

How can we discover what we need to
know to understand these problems and

design and innovate.

Policy solutions drawing
on my interdisciplinary

background including history law blogs
we have science philosophical ethics.

I theorize that those policy problems
that we find so divisive and

that sometimes make the wheels
of our policy process turn so

fruitlessly and with such acrimony.

But chasuble to these four features
of what I call fractious problems.

The bad news is that these four
features do make these problems

difficult to understand and resolve.

The good news is that our differences
which are the focus of most attention

in these debates need not Brender these
problems impossible to resolve and

in fact can help us understand them and
arrive a good policy resolutions.

Even if resolutions that require some
tolerance of our continuing differences.

The navigational approach that I have
developed in my research captures

some of the features of common
law decision making the bush and

contents choice ethical decision
making that has succeeded for

generations in resolving
challenging problems

involving stark disagreement and
there you see some examples.

What I call factions problems in
addition to human genetic engineering

and that brings me to the fit of my work
at the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts

and in the School of Public Policy
these problems generated by advances

in science and technology do TEP
into our During concerns and

goals the liberal arts and
the disciplinary homes in which we explore

them the opportunity at
the Ivan Allen college is to bring to.

Gether these disciplines and
methods and realize their power

to collaborate to interdisciplinary
integrative problem solving.

I believe that those of us who
work in policy at the Ivan L.

and college strive to as accomplish
the translational liberal arts

that takes us from discovery to
design to innovating solutions

and a last bit of example of one of these
efforts is a collaborative project.

I have worked on with a colleague and
are in bed with students

that problem centers on a question about
the recruitment of women to serve as

egg donors typically for
infertile couples undergoing via

And here as my colleague Dr on Levine and

our graduate student Hilary Alberta and
a summary of their backgrounds.

Both of them with training and
biological sciences and both training and

public policy analysis but
this doesn't capture the depth and

breadth of their experience and
skills as with so many who find their home

in the eye of an Allen college their
knowledge here extends across multiple

areas including ethics medical research
health care delivery and more and

their talents and skills range across
all attentive and quantitative analysis.

It is hard to describe but
I think those in the room.

Well recognized the experience of joy and
accomplishment

when we gather in a room to discuss and
then press forward to produce scholarship.

The dresses the enduring
concerns of the liberal arts and

moves toward their translation
into policy solutions.

Hilary Alberto was kind enough
to produce a poster for

this event capturing her
research on this issue.

And she has been most productive in
getting her research out having presented

another poster a panel presentation and
coauthoring forthcoming publication.

In brief a summary of our research results

disclosure of risk tag donors in
recruitment advertisements is rare.

Despite a state law and

a self-regulatory professional
guideline requiring this disclosure.

Our analysis spanning a range of ethical
and policy concerns identifies this

as a significant problem and
we propose ways to address the problem

by our publications and by engaging
those in a position to affect policy

we aim to make our contribution
toward innovating a solution.

Now regarding innovating a solution.

One modeller involves educational efforts
that is empowering the next generation.

I have a particular interest in empowering
our Georgia Tech students from all

disciplines and are at all levels to
contribute to innovating solutions and

I note here to our first one at
the graduate and one of the undergraduate

level that have engaged interdisciplinary
teams students in learning how

to innovate solutions to fractions
problems of the kinds listed below.

Dr will be in and others are involved
in an additional publication effort

reporting the results of this combined
educational and research project.

So thank you for coming.

It's been a pleasure to talk
with you today as we celebrate.

One hundred twenty five years of Liberal
Arts at Georgia Tech in Founders Day.

The new changes that I do just that.

Good morning and welcome to everybody and
thank you very much to Professor Murray

for including me in this and
all and to all of you for

being present at particular would like
to thank John Stern for being here.

John and the BEEN beast and foundation
of a fundamentally important role

in supporting me and the graduate
community and the transport you're in

is good efficient technology and society
and the work that I'll show you today

is definitely due to a large extent
of this wonderful financial aid.

We've heard through John in the stone
foundation ever since I've been a tech in

two thousand and eleven izing from
organizing my talk around the concept

of hybridity which is a bit of a buzz word
in history the cultural turn in history in

transnational history and as you can see
it's something of an intellectual and

personal journey professional
life began in the image

on the right at the South African
Atomic Energy Board in Poland Arbor.

But I was doing some very detached
basic scientific research before

I was asked to work on what appeared to
be the South African Atomic Energy bomb.

When I was asked to work on this bomb.

I revolted against it completely.

I was actively in very engaged in the
anti-apartheid struggle both politically

and personally I did not want to have
anything to do with building a bomb or

a white apartheid regime.

I decided that my work had become my
field to become heavily politicized and

I needed to understand the history of
that politicize ation and place six and

science and technology in general in
a broader social and political context.

I moved to the University of Sussex
on the right on your right which.

One of the wonderful new redbrick
universities in Britain in

a beautiful place outside Brighton.

But I became involved in doing a Ph D.

second Ph D. in History and
Philosophy of Science.

I was engaged for a while with the Science
Policy Research Unit which some of you may

know in which I was recruited to write
the history of a very big biz exploratory

which has been in the news recently
Stern the European Organization for

Nuclear Research for
particle physics but I worked for

about seven years producing with other
people from Germany France Austria and

Italy a major two volume study of
the history of the celebratory

that of course was soft
money it ran out and

I was then recruited to write the history
of the European Space Agency which

Lucky me had its archives of the European
university in institute in Florence.

But you see on your right balance
was a dream place to be a bubble

because I was immersed in a totally
different intellectual mill you

know I was engaged in a bunch of
brilliant scholars led by a man called

Eleanor Millwood on the processes
of European integration and

I spent most of my time learning about the
social political dimensions of European

integration and of course I me immediately
began to insert my scientific and

technological collaboration in the
framework of broader social political and

economic themes at the European level.

I spent five years in Paris but

after that running a research group
before I was recruited by Georgia Tech.

I had my transatlantic crossing and
here I began once here I began to look

at the Europe from an American angle in
particular the role of the United States

in the transformation of Europe after
the war that began with the Marshall Plan.

There's a wonderful slide that you can
see the note the governor on the on

the windmill is an American flag
began with the Marshall Plan and

of course also in Europe in the.

Very Own work of American reconstruction
and the confrontation of communism and

there you see that symbolized by
Kennedy in his famous visitor Berlin

looking over the Berlin wall just a couple
of months before he was assassinated.

This is what I still continue
to do to situate science and

technology in the framework of American
foreign policy particularly with

respect to Western Europe and

it's something which I feel extremely
at home doing here at Georgia Tech and

in the college for three reasons firstly
I'm in a community of outstanding scholars

in my school dedicated to
the global studies in Science and

Technology College interdisciplinary T.
and diversity.

That's a wonderful resource for
me at the moment for example I'm coach.

I'm working with somebody in into

the young to put in a proposal to
the European Union for a major grant and

we work very closely with people in other
schools when we can and of course here in

Georgia Tech my science background is
invaluable to me I have a resonance I

resonate with with young scientists
by interest and engineers being here.

I can talk to them about science and

technology as they live it because
I too have lived in the lab and

worked in the lab and been a graduate
student in a in a scientific and

engineering lab and of course I can also
interact with engineers themselves because

I kind of speak the lingo and I recently
published a book with Jim Craig and

aerospace engineer I have a project from
the N.S.F. currently betting engineers and

how they manage their research in the
framework of current national regulation.

This is a good home for me but.

Exactly.
Now let me move

on a little bit to talk a bit about my
research as I said my research is about

the nature of globalization and I don't
want to try to theorize globalization

too heavily blue I have certain
views about how it works.

And I define it.

Here is the process in which in which
describes an prescribed three piece grabs

the free circulation of capital people and

knowledge preserving the boundaries of
the nation state and disempowering it in.

Of course as an historian of science or
technology.

It's the knowledge that interest me.

I study knowledge flows.

But flows in a global context and
that image is extremely interesting as

a representation of globalisation it's the
kind of image I'm trying to fight against

because what you notice about
this image is you have a globe.

But you have no borders.

No nation states.

It's a globe in which those arrows
implied that all those things but

the bubble for me.

Knowledge is completely
freely through space and

across across the surface of the globe.

That's a view about knowledge circulation
which I want to undermine consistently in

line with quite a lot of theoretical
work on the nature of globalisation.

But also because of the specific areas
that interest me which are sensitive

knowledge is not necessarily classified
that this kind of knowledge and

become class of and so
I've always asked myself.

Well our free can knowledge
move sensitive particularly in

the fields of space and
in the field of the nuclear just sorry let

me just back up a moment that is opposed
to one of my students who is working with

me on another dimension of globalization
she's working on the commercial aspects of

the rise of of aviation between one
thousand nine hundred eighty and

one nine hundred seventy in the role
of women in that process and

her argument is that the commercialization
of flight exploited immensely

women as promoters of flight as
a safe domesticated space for

people to travel in right interesting here
you can treat all of that in the time you

have but notice that some of
the documents are in French.

That's because Emily is currently in Paris
working in the Air France archives and

again thanks to the financial support of
the stern Foundation which is providing

her research funding and her travel
as I said I don't study commercial

aspects of that I do study the role of the
state and I study the role of the state in

two sensitive domains the space on on
your left the nuclear on your right.

That's a gas centrifuge complex.

Yes.
Centrifuges are used by Iran and

North Korea of course to enrich uranium
on the left you have a breakdown of

the shuttle a space shuttle and why was it
broken down that way it was broken down

that way because NASA was thinking of
having Western Europe build chunks

of the space of the orbit but
these are two aspects which interest me.

What about when you collaborate between
that even with an ally like Western Europe

on building bits and pieces of the shuttle
and what about when you collaborate

as Britain has done with the United States
with Germany with the Netherlands in very

sensitive technologies like best
centrifuges enrichment and of course here.

The knowledge doesn't flow freely or talk
even though it may not be classified as

protection protecting technological
leadership national security or

economic reasons is a fundamental
driver of the way the nation state

positions itself in the flow
of knowledge around the globe.

So here's a bit of my work
on the book when you write

is is actually published with two
of my registrants Angeline long.

Angela has a job now as a public historian
at the Office of Naval Research a ship

Maharaj who now has a wonderful job
at Tata Consultancy in Chennai.

But that book is a global history of NASA
bearing her NASA was faced with problems

of technology transfer in this dealings
with Western Europe which I did with

Russia the Soviet Union which angle did
and India and Japan which bid on the left.

There's another piece of my work which
is on controlling the proliferation of

gas centrifuge technology between
Britain the United States and

the takeaway message is that even when
you work with very close allies Britain

the United States have a special nuclear
relationship deep distrust and concern

about one getting ahead of the other
particularly about the British stealing

stealing a march on American technological
leadership in the field in your name

enrichment fear that they might break
into the market which is very important.

Herschel reasons firstly because America
had a dominant role in the market for

enriched uranium in the sixty's and
seventy's and of course for

fear that they would proliferate
responsibly by allowing technology to

Iran to flow freely around the world
market against the interests of the it

will dampen So
name up to list that's perfect.

That's what major findings then are that
in a global interconnected world knowledge

crosses borders and

loses some of its national characteristics
it becomes hybrid its no really national

knowledge anymore in a global world
in knowledge flows of multiple kinds.

But of course we tend to forget that there
are some places where these flows do not

go and there are certain structures that
need to be put in place as knowledge is to

move it all in that same world
therefore come to the ideology of

globalization of firmness sovereignty
there is still an important role for

state sovereignty in the main protect and

regulate the circulation of their
knowledge either national security or

industrial spirity reasons for
states and for

administration of states but
a fundamental tension between openness and

sharing which is the notion
that we speak of so

often because we today with notions
like open access and regulation and

denial knowledge well if
this is sovereignty and

other reaffirms it and
some of the global world.

This is the modern state and
the Bible the United States but

modern industrial states have to
navigate between the new liberal

imperative to deregulate
the circulation of knowledge and

the security imperative to begin
late the proliferation of knowledge.

I was asked to produce an iconic slide and
that's the last lie that I have that this

is it as regards not in circulation we
live in an interconnected world and

it's a world of sovereign
nation states and

that image by the way is from
the Georgia Tech Export Control Bureau.

Thank you.

I thank him for

like to thank Dean Rice fair
Professor Murray for the kind invitation.

I'm going to speak about security and.

And like my two colleagues who came and

spoke before me my route to
the liberal arts is a little

bit nontraditional And I think that
while we seem to be emphasizing

that it's also critically important
that within the Ivan Allen college.

We have a number of my colleagues
who did come to the liberal arts by

what might superficially seem
like more traditional routes and

that is critically important because that
gives us the basis the rigor the knowledge

in those fields that those
of us who might be new or

to these areas need to have to ensure
that we have the most rigorous and

the highest caliber research.

So I'm trained formally as a Ph D.
chemist by owner Granik materials

chemist is the way I describe it
as I was finishing up my Ph D.

working in this area looking at
applications of nano porous materials for

sensing three of my colleagues and
I decided to found a company

who had this entrepreneurial spirit and
in that I became

eventually more interested in
some of the policy questions and

some of the applications of this
work that we were doing and

some of them were it questions
like well why is the and I H.

funding this when me and my freshly
minted wisdom as a Ph D. chemist.

They should be funding something else but

not understanding the broader programatic
some the structures and the drivers.

So over time I was with along
with some other inputs.

I made a decision to switch from
being a startup entrepreneur to

what I called technical security studies
and that led me through a couple of

fellowships a couple of positions at other
academic institutions and I recognized

that I wanted to get back into academia
because I wanted to be able to die.

Deep in to and understand from
the the fundamental knowledge

of how some of these questions of
security particularly and technology.

Intermingled with the political the social
the economic what was going on there.

So I knew I wanted to get back
into academia and for me.

A route that was suggested by
Bill Perry the former secretary of

defense was that I go do make policy for
a while so

we sort of middle panel there reflect time
two thousand and five two thousand and

seven when I was serving in the office of
the secretary of defense as science and

technology advisor to the assistance of
secretary of defense for new chem bio and

that was where I saw from in some ways it
was it's a boots on the ground perspective

in the Pentagon of what making policy and

Rahlves one of the different factors
in the different drivers there have

recently had the privilege to serve as
an advisor to the chief of staff of

the Army last year so
I continue to go back and forth between.

Policy advising in the policy world and
here at Georgia Tech and

I think that that's one of the unique
aspects of the Ivan Allen college.

I'm not the only one who does this might.

Maybe the one only one who's speaking
about it right now that we are bringing

real world policy to our research and

all way that a lot of other
institutions would not support.

I think that makes our research
more valuable more relevant and

as I said when I started my
remarks were also deeply and

batted in the highest level
theoretical knowledge based research.

So we're covering it all sides.

So I like to you use this quote
to sort of present where I.

Drive a lot of the underlying
research questions of what I do and

that this comes from the native
new strategic concept paper

in which a laser pointer does work here

in which that was called out that
a number of different technologies and

they called out information communications
technologies the cognitive and

biological sciences robotics and
nanotechnologies as examples of

emerging technologies that should
be of particular interest to NATO.

And they cite because the most destructive
periods of history tend to be those in

the means of aggression have gained
the upper hand in the art of waging war.

So there's this linkage
that's driving our major

security alliance that recognizes
that there is some potential Sarette

with respect to other adversaries gaining
capabilities in these technologies.

So trying to understand how
that might be constructed

what it means and
what are the implications of that.

Are examples of research
questions that I pursue and

then also very interested
in these issues of Gov.

That is how our national
level instruments.

Our international level intra instruments.

Trying to restrict in courage enable or

prevent knowledge whether
it be basic science or

advanced technology from doing harm or

enable it to do things that
are beneficial to my work

fundamentally leverage is the technical
sometimes culture of the material aspects.

So I look at the knowledge and
I look at things like tacit knowledge

there's the knowledge that you can
read from a just reading something

then there's that knowledge that you
know from having done something.

And these are very different
types of knowledge and

also I'm very interested in structural
that is how are things organized.

What are the different hierarchies
of a part of a program in Russia

versus a program on nanotechnology
in China versus the U.S. program.

How does that influence these different
aspects in the political or E.T.A.

tional factors.

So in order to do this work.

I leverage a whole number of
the DID different fields.

I leverage a lot of historical studies
looking at previous developments and

technologies but I also fundamentally
put my work in a technical context and

one of the ways I use to do
that is by using sonar Yes.

So this slide illustrates one
scenario where I've combined

a number of different elements
the image on the top is an image

that depicts the way that the cells and
traces and brackets in fax and kills you.

The image on the baton
are from researchers doing

basic research in academic
institutions attempting to use

developments in nanotechnology
where they're linking them.

Biological cargoes for biomedical
applications so far all good things.

Well but some of the there by using
the bring these two ideas together.

There's a notional Sonari
zero that one could use to

think about how overcoming
the anthrax vaccine.

Might be possible by using nanotechnology.

And all this whole scenario is

based on looking at the robust
technical literature.

So you've got all of the different pieces
leveraging with that with the operational

concepts in terms of different
types of what development and

applications of biological
of chemical agents.

No other example of a different scenario
in which once we have the firm or

the fundamental sort of basis scenario
then we start pulling apart the different

pieces you look at the technical the
material you look at the knowledge these

to think about what kind of
knowledge sets would be required.

Are you going to need people who have
expertise in what are the different

areas that one would be looking at these
are sometimes called indicators and

warnings and intelligence studies.

OK Thank you.

I'm using this knowledge then
develop pathways that might

exist to identify when a state or
some other entity

is pursuing on a course of using
technology for a negative consequence.

I'm another methodology that
a user ethnographic studies

including the surveys of researchers.

What do they think about
governance methodology.

Poster by one of my Ph D.
students Johnson.

Lange in his work has been looking
at the cognitive neuroscience.

And he's been asking some of these similar
questions with regard to how what do you

think about the cognitive neuroscience is
what do you think about methods What do

you think about your
research to assess how aware

researchers are of the potential
peril of their own exploits.

I have been able to identify and

articulate a number of different
factors assessing the sort of codifying

these different pieces when we're on
beyond just the purely material for

assessment particularly with
regard to nanotechnology.

In conclusion with respect
to the work that I'm doing

have done a fight a number of
different critical factors

highlight just a couple of them a number
one is we're looking at these new

technologies A aspect that's significantly
different than previous technologies

is the lack of a single discipline
on which to focus my like to cite

use of nanotubes that

are produced de novo you can find
to some of the leading researchers

an astronomy and physics departments who
are using this for biological detection.

So it's and there's no single
place to look in conclusion.

There is it was noted we were asked
a particular to select a sort of I

kind of image and
I chose the this one because that

leverage is in a number of scanning
electron microscope imagery which is

in its shows from the the sort
of a regional idea.

And how that may end up in the end.

Being used in this case for protective
materials what that original idea.

You know there's a long path of
organization structures politics

economics culture and history before
something instead of being realized.

Thank you very much.

Thanks.

And it seems the room

I am going to walk into I can
talk to some really low live.

OK so I am but I'm a cargo I'm an
associate professor of the digital media

in the school of Elam see here and I have
an alum and I'm going to be talking about

one project in specific in particular
within the context of the broader

path of inquiry that we go through in
the adaptive Digital Media Lab and

that project's called ears catch.

First I started as my career
as a cognitive scientist

Carnegie Mellon I was very interested
in studying the neurological basis for

cognition and understanding
our mind work as a mechanism.

After I realized that studying M.R.I.
studies was an incredibly tedious task

moved on from that and started combining
some of that my interests that weren't

purely academic within this kind of
broader question about how our mind works.

I didn't authorize these this on
studying improvisation in jazz cognition

with some of the leading jazz
folks in Pittsburgh at the time.

And went on to University Michigan for
an undergraduate degree or

a graduate degree in Computer Science
with a focus on artificial intelligence.

There was combining other interests
of mine in improvisational acting and

trying to understand how we can
represent creative processes.

To create interactive narrative
experiences computationally.

That wound up leading me to where I am
here which is trying to look at these

questions about how to understand human
cognition from a creative point of view or

creative systems.

Whether it's people people or acting with
each other or people interacting with

computers or even computers acting in our
can with each other and how we can support

and understand the processes that go on
from a socio cognitive point do so in

other words how do we still tell stories
together i do we make music together.

How do we play and have fun together.

I'm a better understanding these
things formally allow us to

if we understand it well enough
those computational informal

systems that can represent some
of those processes and engage

in new kind of digital media experiences
that we've never experienced before.

This is an example of a piece of
work from my project studio course

where students built.

An interactive through improvisational
dance experience that's

so washed out but you can maybe make
out that this is actually a shadow

theater performance where they interact or
steps up and

performs this experience with an AI dancer

the process that the computer system
goes there is purely improvisational

there's nothing actually written in terms
of dance moves or movements beforehand.

It's all based on the interactions that's
had with people so it actually learns how

to interact with people how to be
creative and create performances.

The more they interact with others.

This is an example of kind
of the broader connection of

my work between digital media and
this understanding of creativity.

I feel really thankful to be in digital
media here because this kind of work

with the computer science degree isn't
something that you typically work on

in a traditional computer computer
science program of which there are many.

This is not really work this
encourage this work was an funded but

because of the interdisciplinary
nature of the program that I'm in.

Here I have the luxury of being able to
work not only myself on projects like this

but also with students who
are here across our program and

others like in the interactive computing
program that are very interested

in computation as an expressive medium
not just as something to process data

this interest in creativity and
computation is led me to a very very

different route which is understanding
how to leverage creativity

within the context of learning computing
though there's a project that all

introduced you called your sketch and
we're looking at this fundamental question

of how to combine STEM education So
science technology engineering and

mathematics and the arts learning
within an authentic manner

where learners are experiencing
authentic learning in both domains.

So in terms of computing we ask How
can students learn computing within

the context of authenticity How do these
real tools of these authentic programming

languages how do they engage in computing
as a practice like a real programmer would

and in terms of the Arts we're
interested in music productions so

introducing students to real music
production tools real paradigms for

music composition working with music
sources from real well known artists.

And that's led us to creating this
learning environment called your sketch

and your sketch is a this is
the version one point zero

version one point two point zero is
actually delivered completely online and

it's a learning experience where students
computation in the remakes music

though as opposed to using programming
code to generate individual notes or

to generate sine waves or make echo
chambers or something like that high

school students are given this learning
environment and within a day our start

making programs are altering programs
they're personally meaningful to them.

We were a law on the cultural history
of music the practices like hip hop and

electronic music that rely very
heavily on the concept of remakes

thing as a metaphor for hey you can sit
down and you can do stuff with the.

That you couldn't do otherwise by writing
code and clear really cool stuff that

you want to show your parents
they will show your friends.

So there's this notion of engagement
in this as a cultural practice

engagement of this is
something hey I would do this.

Outside of school that is the kind of
motivation that we're shooting for

all at the same time
burning authentic content.

We've disseminated this to roughly
seven hundred students in the Atlanta

area we're currently working on
a partnership with county to have your

sketch be used in all of its computing
courses in the entire school district.

So this is something that we're trying to
have both broad appeal in the Atlanta area

in Georgia and ideally at the national
level as we're aligning this with the new

current A.P. standards that are emerging

some of our findings have been in
terms of looking at these kinds of

elements in terms of our participation
in your sketch effects to students and

we've been measuring computing
confidence their enjoyment in the or

the pleasure in computing the importance
of computing as a discipline in their

motivation to sixty Dennett's.

How they feel they belong with in
computing and how puting enables their

creativity and we look at how these things
then effect their attention to persist

in computing as a discipline and whether
or not they're actually learning anything

from using their scripts the Fannings
that we have are very very strong.

So these are some results from
I believe our high school.

Yes our high school pilot
at linear high school and

very quickly trying to show that you
by using your sketch not only are we

engaging students across the board but
in particular we're engaging students who

otherwise wouldn't be necessarily
interested computing so

under-represented minorities
across ethnicities and gender and

they're looking at a comparison between
gender and we can see that the female

students started noticeably lower terms
of their attitudes towards computing and

instead of role of these categories but
it's after using your sketch.

Jumped up to meet the male counterpart
parts in any of the places where they

were lacking but
as a result we're actually seeing in

equality in terms of the interest
in computers the discipline in

terms of creativity in terms
of their attention to persist.

That is completely washed out in terms of
gender which is a fantastic find for us

to be another side there's another slide
that isn't here about a robber's that

minorities in terms of ethnicities and
we have a very very similar results here.

But even stronger in the sense that
someone represented populations

actually jumped ahead of the majority
counterparts especially in creativity

in computing this to certain audiences
as a way to express themselves

then gauges them in computing in a way
that they may not otherwise interested it.

We actually have done focus groups and
one student in the focus groups

this high school boy he told me
that your sketch is so great.

Yeah I'm using it.

My band now outside of school because
that is really cool that's a I've

never would've guessed that we've
influence people's lives that that's

the kind of motivation that we're that
we're trying to achieve through using your

sketch in the high school level there is
also other related work in the digital

media graduate program
on a culturally situated

are based learning which is also related
to steam she's particularly looking at how

to employ a work of culturally
situated design tools or

tools that use some kind of practice
within a culture as a metaphor for

learning about something else related to
the STEM education which is also looking

at the concept of the Internet dynamics
of how people recreationally and

social use digital media in terms of
how to employ this with the notion of

culturally situated design as everyone is
that we're supposed to leave you with a.

Lasting image.

This is a picture of our
first year of your sketch in

an elementary school setting.

And this is an afterschool program that
our collaborator Christopher me show was

running using your sketch and out of all
of all the experiences that we've had this

is one of the ones that bring in terms of
all of the research I've ever done this

image actually brings me the most joy I
think of just seeing the excitement of

two students sharing the work that
they're doing within their program

of showing off their music to each
other that they made by writing code

which you know if we can
replicate this you know.

In other places I would
consider the project that's it.

Thank you.

OK let me start by thanking being closed
Professor motive for inviting me to this.

I'm very happy to be here.

I'm very honored to be here.

I want to congratulate my fellow
on a list some fantastic.

They're doing.

I don't name be the person to follow and
you.

My name is one of the crew some
Honestly some professor of economics.

My background is electrical engineering.

My question is going on as
an electrical engineers are the worst

social issues makes in my Ph D.

and I couldn't imagine a better place for
me to be.

And then I've been on in college so

again a little bit of background we
were asked again to give you a bit of

background but I'm going to I'm going to
tell you about an idea that was sort of

here last year and

that's put in not it's if I was
here Congressman a going to is.

I've been an engineer and
I was listening to a speech.

Acceptance speech and
I realized several things

first of all the braces a new issue for
me not being called on by word all

very mixed berry was
an important issue and

I knew about these but after hearing him
I realized how important it was the day

I saw how much courage had to go
through the Bill of Rights Movement but

I also realize that there
is a lot to be done.

So I decided to being bold but

as an assistant professor my only way
of activism is unbiased research.

So I decided to do a little
bit of research on.

Here but

to remain unbiased I usually look
in history and how I present today.

Questions related to slavery.

Among environmental and
influenced by formation.

So I have no idea about how
to frame these questions and

I was very hesitant to jump into them but
they bit who happens to be here and

Kurdish me because that's what we do here.

No.
We ask questions and

then we see what we can do with them.

So that's me with Congressman Lewis.

I'm the one with the green tie.

You see I told my wife people we love them

anyway said I when I face a new
question I usually think of it.

I love the story so I usually think of
this as if I was a bit active and said

that the active I need an objective study
we need five things we need a crime scene.

We need some clues that
hopefully lead us to a suspect.

We need a motive and in some closing
arguments and try to convince you that.

This person is actually guilty.

So I'm going to do that.

My Scene is this that shows a slavery
population about going over time.

Our use census data to actually
get at this information.

So actually they are just for
five data points here.

I connect them with lines.

So it's mutually appealing and
we have information.

How many slaves.

Were present between eighteen twenty and
eight hundred sixty.

And they look at the crime in this sense.

Keep in context that I'm talking
about the tech to have a story here.

That something happened after eighteen
forty that change the pace at which

the population was growing.

So this lope of this line chain.

Now I have a question in principle
not something to investigate.

But if I have a crime scene then I
have to start to look for clues.

And that's what I do next.

I start to look around eight thirty.

What was going on.

And I see clues that point to
a great partner which is the U.K.

And if you see at the textile exports
in the U.K. around eighteen forty two.

But he said change in the rate of exports.

Is a little bit flooded before it in
forty two and after eighteen forty two.

We see here.

An increase in the in the spirit.

So now I know but it's something
in England that can explain this.

And I go back to the U.S. and

they look at cotton production and I know
that caught them followed very closely.

The increase in exports of
textile from the from the U.K..

So that's good for work in theory but

it's something that happens
between eighteen forty and fifty.

In the U.K.
that cause production to increase and

that led to an increase
in slavery in the U.S. So

that's good but now I need a suspect.

And when I narrowed my list
to a Lancashire power line.

It was in one thousand
eight hundred forty two.

And what he did was increase
the populace a proclivity per worker

twelve times by twelve.

Each worker now was able to take care of
six gnomes that were producing twice as

much textile clothing as the previous
machine was thrown twelve time is a lot.

I want to stress this an increase in
productivity that is one twelfth for

all hasn't been increasing history.

Can you imagine that suddenly.

Faculty in Georgia.

Take up on and
were able to produce twelve months.

Twelve times more paper
sort of times more money.

They beat will buy the right away.

Yes.

This is a lot and the reason for that
in that this is big is because it is so

big that everybody jumped at the
opportunity to get this new technology.

Is the official has to be quick.

OK.

The knowledge that I need a motive right
is the reason why they invented these.

And it's wages in the U.K.
labor is pensive labor scares.

So anything that saves labor is welcome.

Then.

So now we have motive.

And that leads me to my research.

Question that relates technology trade and
the impact on the slavery.

And the question is what was the impact
of the Lancashire power loom.

On.
It's Labor Day and the level and

location of a slavery in the US.

And I came up with this last year and
we're happy to be presented today not only

because you know originated in and
they bent just like this one but

also because a thing in embodies college.

At least in three ways.

First it's about technology that's what
we do here early in the social context.

It's global.

It's international.

But the impacts are local and

this is what we do here that this
is what your take is what it is and

what it means in the south and
the world and in terms of technology.

So in retrospect if it seems that I
did this on purpose but I didn't.

So now that I have a suspect.

I have to go and build my case I have to
collect evidence and just showing you that

there was a change in its Lavery around
one thousand four is not enough so

I need only a bit more I need to show you
that actually there was something else

that I can identify as being
the result of this innovation and.

And the other piece of evidence that
I'm giving you is the movement of

a slavery from the north towards
the south and then a migration to worsen.

Of course there are many other
reasons why these occur.

I'm just gonna highlight the part
of the migration the has to do

with this integration.

So this is the map of the U.S.
in eighteen twenty.

And you will see as we move forward
in time that the darker areas which

are meant to to capture more of slaves
in the county to start to move south and

then West this is eighteen
thirty which is eighteen forty

eight hundred fifty underneath
in sixty three things.

This no slavery in the north.

Is slavery has moved in with it but
is this compelling evidence.

You might have several questions I

was really to slavery driving cotton or
cotton driving to slavery.

But the fact that they move even worse is

some of that is the Texas some
forty that becoming a state but

they became states because they had
a slaves there because they had cotton.

Because they were sort of written.

It was just nothing to do with cotton and
it was true in Europe thing.

And those are valid concerns.

But the main question that
you might have is Motive

is it possible that the technology
was invented in the U.K.

because there was an excess
of cotton in the US.

So there is enough cotton and
we have to use it.

So let's come up with a new
technology a possibility.

So to save that I'm
going to abstract from.

The actual cotton production and

I'm going to assume that you what
you are impacted by the notation.

If you are able to grow cotton.

Not whether or not you were
growing cotton at the time that.

So but that by doing that removing

then that innately of growing
cotton due to the technology.

And they no ration hopefully is look
at Sonic So you know so bent in the US.

OK For if you believe my

if you like my kind machine
the way found the suspect.

And the evidence then you
will have to like my present.

They.
Dia then is.

If I compare a counties that were
able to grow cotton before and

after plane of Asian.

I will be able to isolate

the effect of the innovation in
those in those cotton counties.

I remove by you should
by using time variation.

I remove anything that is
particular to each county.

And by using a spatial body ation I remove
any order effect that has to do with time.

A time.

I use of difference in
differences strategy.

And what I find is that eight
percent of the slaves in cotton

suitable regions person
do to put in a mixture.

That is six hundred thousand slaves.

They figure chose how you would
look a little bit different.

If that technology were not existant
if a slavery was not able to respond.

If we were not able to increase
the slavery a service that.

We see several things in this figure
first of all is labor it would have grown

Otherwise there are other things happening
in the world that will push slavery up.

But there is a gap between
what happened with

the economy the counterfactual so yes.

So you understand six hundred
thousand slaves this one and

a half the size of a plant.

So eight percent might not look as
much but if you ask me I will not hop.

So that is my closing argument.

Now and I hope you can be a criminal.

The fact is that most
of the cotton that was

there was in the textile industry in
the U.K. was imbedded with the slavery.

And as we look at today.

This is a story once against putting
development before labor protection.

When we look at today we see
the Belo being crowned threes

producing goods for
the developed wall and the U.K.

had a bullish slavery but
that didn't seem to be enough.

So when Today we buy i Pads and I and
this is me talking from outside academe

where we buy an i Pod We
are responsible at some level

on the fate of the people
that is building those and

by looking at history I can point to but
we should be doing and

what will be the focus
of globalization today.

I cannot do this without being clear
what work she marches over there.

There.

She collected all the.

Research So thank you.

A poster that you can look at
it's about this topic too and

this is their language hope
I will own a one of them.

If you see you see very little people
very few people and a lot of machinery.

And that is the impact
that I was trying to to.

Thank you very much.

All right.
I want to thank again all of our panelists

for a world tour de force that was quite a
whirlwind tour through the in our cars and

some of the things we did I loved all the
iconic images in particular I was a little

nervous about trying to compare science
fiction and the liberal arts that act

the images they literally are about
human faces and technology and

often sort of mashed together so
thank you for proving my thesis as well.

We do have time about ten or
fifteen minutes for

some conversation and so if any of
you have some questions you'd like to

ask again we have a microphone over here
and I think is that just the only one.

And one over here so if we have people
who want to just raise your hand and

we'll deliver a microphone to you Brian.

That was a great tough.

Our college of computing has a heck of
a time getting e-mail students into it.

Never mind Gwinnett What are they
saying about your project.

Just a little meeting and

what is the college of computing saying
about my research how much I don't know.

So I can say that moving forward.

We are interested in applying this at
the college level we're actually right now

talking to community college
to implement your sketch and

all of their computing classes there.

One of the things that is

kind of interesting is that
you know at the college level.

I don't know if you can have as much
impact as you can the high school level

the course that we are playing
in is it's a survey class.

So it's not they're actually not even
taking the class to be programmers.

But taking it to learn how to build
web pages they do a little bit

it's called Introduction to
hearing in the modern world.

I think so
we're kind of sneaking this it and

going look you can do music
production By the way.

I thought and it exposes them in a way
that they don't have to have prior

conceptions about computing or
about programming to jump into it.

How can my thirteen year
old daughter use it.

Just google your step.

Or just walk down the street to my house.

You know let

me ask the same question of Margaret
when you talk to people in Georgia Tech

who are doing work in new technology
research about the questions you're asking

what's the reaction are you getting
are you shipping other people's.

Perceptions of what they're doing.

Are they not grateful for your figure
investigations O's zero zero zero

zero zero zero

zero zero zero zero zero zero one

zero zero zero zero zero

zero almost zero

zero

zero for that other

one.
But there were two other factors I

was interested in in looking at
the question of statements technology and

the efforts by the states to control.

One is state sponsored efforts to
essentially take IP in various ways and

the other is the stateless actor a lot
of what's occurred particularly and

the revolutions in French speaking
Africa occurred because of non-state

actors who basically provided
technology that defeated the efforts

of the state to identify where
the cell phone usage is were coming.

And so I wondered whether in your research
you've looked at these sort of confounding

factors because I think a lot of what
I see is state reaction as efforts

to deal with the fact that the thing is
a good deal more permeable than it ever

thought they would have to
deal with right thank you for

the question indeed indeed there
are multiple modes of knowledge flow.

What is important as you stress is that
the state's attempt to put in place

machinery to manage it and to control
it especially in sensitive knowledge

is evaded by non-state actors by
espionage of various kinds by spying.

And so I haven't studied that we
have somebody in our department who

studies about an espionage.

But I'm more interested in is
the regulator the operators of the state.

And how and what it tries to do and how
that affects international collaboration

between scientists and
engineers in domains which are not yet

classified which which are dual
use mostly and how successful

the state can be in trying to control
that and I find it's very successful but

that also might be because I'm
an historian an artifact of my documents.

Whenever I I work with of course
national state papers which would

sometimes declassified
who are least available.

And that's really the highest level of
policy where they discuss these things

when I discuss the scientists and

engineers themselves they say there's
a much more great greater flow between us

on a person to person basis
once we've built the trust.

So I think the states from my
view is extremely effective

at the official level and certainly
in framing policies but obviously

there are many many ways of aiding at the
black market in the case of A.Q. Khan and

centrifuges for example and that seems
to me to be a very serious problem and

we are developing alternative methods
of doing that using using all sorts of

Interpol and
in the CIA to try to block those holes but

we're never managed to succeed
in blocking all of those of

we have to accept I think and all of
the people that I've studied including me.

The commissions inquiry set up by
the Department of Commerce and

by other people.

We simply have to accept that
if you want an open world and

we work in a global world.

Knowledge is going to leak and we have
to accept that as the price we pay for

the benefits we gain by having
knowledge circulate globally.

It's a high price sometimes we have to
hope that we can redeem entertain it's not

as so high that we suffer serious damage
are still here and then work over there.

I think you know no I'm
sorry he was he had to

say that microphone first so you can.

This is an reference to the egg donation.

When you talk about the risk you
never really classified what

area that are they usually in the medical
field people talk about the medical risk.

How much research is out there about
the emotional risk that a woman Ari.

Would go through when they donate an egg.

It's a great question.

It's my colleagues analyze
the other point of this

found that there was the a little
thirty that we linked to and

there are some studies as you
showed medical business those vary

but this is one of
the challenges when science but

you post rapidly and
there's rapid adoption these

those who are interested
in issues that are all and

that research are facing after that.

So we do know that there
are some medical we

would think that being a bit nervous.

And there said back

there is also somewheres are serious and.

I've been with them but

I suppose those are telling but

they respected the psychological this we
have an evidence we have several books

but the number who are exploring.

I think your question yes
it's very difficult then we

fired it but I thank you very much for

your talks there was very interesting all
these different aspects on technology.

Now I have a question that
refers to the possibility of

controlling technology I mean what
you all presented was kind of

monitoring the development of
technology and that's what we do here.

I would like to start by
talking my questions.

Basically to those of you who might be
willing to answer it but I would like to

start with ones presentation
because that was really interesting

because this is a case of basically
an in the same type of technology right.

And you talk about effects which
are far away and kind of unpredictable.

Now we would be I think in a situation
to reflect on those implications and

you indicated with regard to the i Pod and

i Pad that we can think about these
questions but if we see ANY think they

might consider is let's say ethically or
socially problematic.

What are really our options.

How can we control that.

Well I'm in the military and

this is a church attack that
means the stuff that's going on.

It's happened in a year.

So what exactly are possibilities.

So my answer to.

I don't think we have what it
takes from my story is that

there is no need to control technology but
to develop the state of rules and

regulations in which that technology
will operate as we intended it to.

So it's no are not cannot
be producing China or

should not be produced is not that
they should have not been invented or

own star for
years is that their regulations seem wish.

And the environment in which that
technology operates needs to be said

in advance quickly after the technology
response in terms of labor markets but

examples in environmental A aspect
still we cannot development thirst

without having environmental regulation
because for the same reason developing

countries will react without protecting
the environment as another example.

So use it for
me is just not about regulation and

it's not about controlling technology but
regulate in.

I would actually love to let
this conversation go on but

now that everyone's had a chance
to answer a question and

we're moving towards lunch time we do
need to wrap up the panel I know that

I still have a number of questions I would
have loved to have asked hopefully I'll

take a few moments to chat
with our panelists afterwards.

Thank you all.