The director of our seminar series of really honored to have Professor Emeritus in mechanical engineering at Georgia Tech. He is certainly very esteemed, allow us to detect the activity is good. Science degree in University of California, Berkeley in Baptist Institute of Technology. Research has primarily been high-performance computer devices manufacturing processes, but in fact has been very active. I know the program areas. They also work in the Secretary of the US Department of Transportation, mostly transportation and transportation, as well as he has also be valid the chair Father, application wireless communication technologies. Now, I'm looking for candidates to fill that chair. Great honor, yesterday about the general area of research. So please welcome. It's a pleasure to come over here today. I am guilty of having a lot of noxious hobbies or something and transportation that could be also very poor on humor. But I'm going to try introductory little story here. Three people were playing golf one morning after a, an engineer, a Dr. in breach, and they found that the group in front of them was very slow playing, very small. They were concerned about that. And they asked the green cape or to come over and sit 8 yd. What's wrong with that group ahead of blinds and guys, fireman, we live play free and whenever they want to because they say the clubhouse black here. And reaction of the of course, the group felt side because that's pretty serious matter and the abrasives, but let's say it. I'll say a special prayer. And the Dr. said, Well, he's an opt-in. Find another app that helps her blindness. And the engineers say, why can't they, last night? That showed the engineering philosophy, which I'm guilty up. A little bit worried. I like to think of engineering is the process of figuring out how to provide social benefit at the least, social cost. Same thing as cost-benefit. You want to get a benefit as they possibly can. And high-tech, by the way then would be defined as the way of providing a membership with the lowest cost. And what one hopes is that over a period of time, because of advances in technology, the cost to provide any math, but it will go down. And of course that's been true. And the thing that has been most drew in my professional career is that computing and communication, then the fastest dropping cost per unit, just almost free for most, okay? Compared to what they used. That's not true of materials like great place. And it's not true of energy like the polio, which goes through the other direction. Okay? So those are the three main ingredients in most engineering. Material, energy and some sort of intelligent. Now, let's relax and let me ask one question. How many of you do not own your own cell phone? That's the answer I sort of expected to get everybody got herself. So that may play a role to improve the transportation system in the urban environment. I'm going to try to deal with a few, what I call engineering fundamentals. It's pretty long list. Unfortunately. These are engineering terms, not particularly science type situation. This was a, this was the social cost of his writing function. Using a passenger as the driver is very low. Why? Because he's already gotten to spend the time getting from a to b. So if b is the driver, it costs almost nothing unless for some reason the person who would rather be a passenger. Which might be the case. But it actually turns out that the social cost of driving being low and you seem like you make this work. Yes. Why? Automobile is the primary, one of the two primary reasons why the automobile beat out what used to be a very extensive system of public transportation. There were no labor costs. Just beat them. That's one reason. The other reason I'm sure I come to here immediately probably. Were some practical for some transfers or no practical substitute with a single occupants car. Basically because the demand from that origin for that destination is so low that you and the transit system is so poor and you cannot form a carpool ride. The demand that space of time between an origin to destination and if so, what all you have to have a private car or a very expensive way of doing. I didn't know these came up individually, by the way, when I go to Mike and knew that he would come up all at once. Now this is a good insight, which of course is obvious in retrospect, that lambda is rarely a shortage of cars at any location of interests. There is a shortage of keys. Pretty simple statement. Now, this is also very obvious, isn't it? Well known to you civil engineers, the capacity of Alaina freeware or street or rail line is nearly proportional. Less likely, but the capacity is nearly proportional to be a block. Only so many vehicles an hour I can get a occupancy. I double-click capacity. These are all very, very odd. I think. I get questions challenging it presumably afterwards. They currently had heard about in Atlanta, they've been pretty old number because what I've given you is a taught, essentially slightly modified from 2001. Okay. And in the Atlanta environment, about 5% of urban mass transit and about Canvas chat or by carpooling primarily course. The reason for the higher number of polling in part is that a fair number of those trips? Passenger does not have driven the top. I've taken the child to the Dr. I can't do much about it. He can't write. He or she can drive. But nonetheless, cooling is actually bigger than urban transit in the Atlantic environment in terms of passenger trip, I believe that to be doing. By the way, we're talking about engineering concepts. Research tabs that where I tried to get that number exactly or very close to that. Okay. Now this is the question of another this is very questionable. There's $20 million per lane mile. I have $10,000,000.91 because I looked at some data on building freeways in the Atlanta area and I came to the conclusion that was about $10 million per lane mile. This one is probably old and they like you could you could get that. That's why there's a question mark there, but I'm going to use $20 million relate map. If I actually use them. I did the calculation last night. It turns out we could have built the entire perimeter highway. I think that number turned out to be $2 billion. And that makes it too loud, doesn't it? But that is not probably exclusive of land because I'm talking about adding blames to as boosting freeway. But nonetheless pick a number like 20 billion. Posterize the capacity of a lame is 2000 pounds per hour. Files. And now, assuming that we had a six hour per day justification for new length, most public utilities, including urban transportation, demon for cough, is based on peak usage. After building up generating capacity for a electrical use. To meet the piece, I have to build enough telephone capacity to meet the peaks, et cetera. So I'm going to assume just for the sake of argument that we're talking about 6 h per day, he'd use it. If I use these numbers up above 5%, real discount rate, that means I'm not worried about inflation. I get $0.32 of mouth is the cost of driving an automobile just to provide the row. And a marginal sense, which is usually the way you want to think. What does it cost? Extra vehicle, at least $0.32 per mile. Now, let me see if cost, that's that, that's also a marginal. In other words, that's about what you have to pay extra, but it's only approximately everything in here is refraction. Everything in here is approximate to get an idea of what the answer is. And that's the marginal cost. How much extra gas maintenance depreciation that, how much extra insurance cost of capital cost, because that's not in the margin per person making the trip except at the end of the life of the top. And this is an interesting London, this game, this game up my attention when I actually taught the course, the Civil Engineering Department here at Georgia Tech was desperate to find somebody to teach their urban transportation. So many years ago. One of the fact that we had retired and they said, okay, well done something in this area. Maybe you can come over and eats the cars. And back ideas start the first third party van pool operation in the United States. But according to the US DOT, beginning in 1975, empty, we have service from Peachtree City up to about 15 bands going back and forth. I also started in that year or the year after, hard to be rented at the Faculty Club. That was a much more difficult situation because of insurance and so on. So just a short test. But it worked quite well. People wanted to take out of the fact that we're now this number here is a sort of an interesting one. People value the time of travel and most other leisure activities. About 40% of their wage rate. They're willing to, I'm willing to pay the full wage rate for their leisure time, right? Sense. But it does turn out that if you have to wait very long, because you'd have to wait for a bus. Particularly if you're not sure when there's not arrived or if it's going to arrive. And the, the, the psychological effect is to make it almost as bad. You have to pay almost the wage rate. That can be questioned, but that's about right. There's approximately right. What's the sort of got it tells us one of the reasons why we don't use mass transit. Particularly when we have an uncertainty as to the travel time, we actually have it with powerful demand goes up. We're not sure who the driver is really going to come in. And as we've already talked about this when we haven't talked about very large fraction of expanding, expanding. The reason for expanding the road system which introduces this marginal cost is the employment trips because those peaks causes have to build bigger roads. Now this one, I think we do find that that's always true. Essentially all commuters, people who actually commute to work in this entire group? No, I did not have a cell. Yeah. Sort of real-time communications in principle. And there can be all driven in some cases by computers. So in other words, once, once the manual component in the transit system, including buses, of course, particularly labor costs, become very important, if not the dominant. So you don't want, you want to provide data using computers and not with people if at all possible. Are there any questions about any of those engineering fundamentals that are self-evident? The numbers may be a very approximate, but they're sort of self-evident when you think about Yes, sir. I appreciate it. Yeah. Just the last slide which talks about the value of time travel at 40 per cent of the value of time in this multifamily across? Yes. You have to know what the ***** yes. Yes, you actually do a course. So do you pick up the average for now, I think these numbers, number right here, like 40% of the wage rate come from studies of whether or not people would take a toll road, toll road equipment. But people lifted data, epidemic tag people at the data, right? And see. The data seems to indicate that people value their time at about 40% of their wage rate. Trips, the actual driving part of the trip. Now that means that people with higher incomes will take the toll road. Well, thank you to team to pay even though you have a high-end sort of average number. Okay? But some experiences are more expensive than others and waiting for a bus to come turns out to be one of those numbers. And if you look at the actual time of the weight and tried to figure out what people put their value out of it. I think there's a much higher number than the travel time. Now psychologically you can see that would be true once you get in the car and making the trip or gotten the buses, making the trek. The value of your less uncertain about what's going to happen. And you feel like you're making progress. That's presumably the reason that that's subject to the course does I don't know what your question actually is, but that comes from when I taught the urban engineering course. I may have made this number up. But they got out of the textbook. I was hoping one day and having fun. Yeah, I'm opposed roads and all utilities. Designing for people. That's right. Telecom indication for average cost of waiting. If there is no dipole, dipole and can make the call telling everybody in Atlanta, it's note. However, that was before we had students sending them at earache off. I did not know how many hundred thousand foot peak hour from London. And that mobility in the cellular system, you're right there. I'm going to be computed differently than typical telephone. I say, okay, that's that's interesting information. I think AT&T feels they want a very seldom not be able to handle the job. Just as an aside, I don t know, as sending messages, the very first lawsuit should be running again, sending the GPS information over SMS. When we still had a TDMA system, we brought the singular night and they came back and said, Not so many. Okay, that's interesting. By the way, at that thing, I think of two news stories that I read after I got that. I got back from Russia last yesterday and it was 20 h from getting up and leaving at Moscow, leaving the boat actually getting to Atlanta. And so I've got a little jet-lagged, not bad. But Moscow scalloping, I'm saying two news stories I read yesterday after getting back. One of them had to do and you guys probably all know this elaborated noun that to the number two ranked in terms of congestion, which has actually been improved however, over the past in terms of absolute time. The second piece of news, why are these guys right here? Transnational scale. Next boss, just pulling a kind of services in Washington for a while. And I'm gonna say technologically, what next bus to do? It is very feasible, but it may require some very smart people, including people at Georgia Tech, get it to work. The possibility people at Georgia Tech are smarter than that assumption. That's the place where you see it by the way. And that's my own opinion. Mit has all the Stanford and almost always number two, they actually solve problems that influences society. See what your cell phone can actually do. Tell you exactly when and where did you meet your wife? That would apply to translate as well. In fact, exactly, of course. And that's the problem in Washington right now, as I understand it, certain fraction of the time they get the wrong answer. All right. That is next bus who runs who provided some of the services for Georgia Tech statement? I'm right. It shouldn't be able to assign you to a rental guy here, your office or home when needed. And that is Flakes car now isn't. And the cell phone all by itself should be able to assign the car. Do you think the restoration very simple manner and let the Cardinals is you're going to approach that car and you're going to get charged for using that car. If your cell phone makes the trip, that you may be fifth your cell phone and say to be true for transit or anything. And it should allow you do the bill just like any other public utility. For our nutrition. The ultimate market driven car foods and car wreck or should appear on some utility bill, just like other utility. And it should be that the cell phone to do that. I remember this is a 91 photo. Here's a more recent photo that I got. Nine communities in Israel. Never get it right. But he's trying to develop software for exactly the application we're talking about. It seems to me to implement a information intensive transit system which greatly reduces your lack of knowledge. It makes it easy to rideshare. You need to know where all the vehicles are located, including a roof or rental property? The way up and went back up there. I didn't know that. You have to assume that everybody has fall or the equivalent thereof. And that is free for passengers. The cell phone itself is free because as we just pointed out, everybody has cell phone itself is a free. Computers have to run the system using digital techniques are one kind or another, because if they don't, labor cost will eat you alive. Now this is the one where this, this turns out to be 1991 tech now. Okay. There's your little GPS chip. There's your GPS add onto your phone. And Bluetooth. I didn't get that up there. A lot of phones that area. But with Bluetooth, bluetooth is a radio-frequency communications for short range that allows you to know about things that are nearby. Where that back definitely come in handy in many circumstances including targeting you for making the trip, including living the driver. You'll notice your nearby because you haven't done it and you're near the carpool. And anybody who gets on the vehicle, the system, we know about it because of their Bluetooth communication. Put up several of these so we don't have to fill it. Mrs. them assumed way of doing from again, from an engineering point of view, not from any scientific particular analysis that all passengers actually described. That is, we know something about the passenger, just like other public utilities, right? They know your address. If you've got gas whenever there's certain way you hadn't subscribed, we have to have a good record maybe perhaps to get to be a subscriber to gas and electricity. And they register by the internet. Again, based on fact, I want to reduce the cost much as possible and commonly based on the fact that he was commuting to and from work or a little better than average. I'm using the internet. It's not the retired grandmothers were talking about. Okay. So they have to read a certain data that you need to know about that person. Like you were the person who works at Georgia Tech and lives at this address. Then when he wants a work trip that's been parked between six in the morning and Canada morning and he's located near his home. The system assumes did he wants to make a work trip? That's what I mean by registering certain data about the people. And you didn't do know that you can, you can, you should be able to know with a single a single digit on your cell phone if you're doing a trip that you registered for now, if you'd have to modify, if you're going to have to have a little more complicated array. Now, 511 I put down here because George has just started at 511. I used it the other day and hearts pretty well, at least when I use this once, it's turned out, I could call 511 and I can find out pretty quickly than one time I tried it whether there was any real congestion on 75 and downtown in the perimeter. That's very expensive to provide that information. However, with awkward, I think that that person did not appear to be on-site in the company. But of course that's very possible. That require key. I mentioned that earlier, that Bluetooth and the cell phone, no reason why you can't get in the car and run it once you're approved, make that trip. Name affairs with all the electronic and likely to show up on your cell phone bill. Reason it might show up on your cell phone bill is because AT&T, I think, may have an interest in what's called third-party billing and they got the right term. So if the whole thing integrated with them, they can put it up there bill. They probably couldn't guarantee that it'll get paid, but they can put it up there. I suggest that there are some minus subsidies required to make this really succession. Amount of subsidies have to do with the information system itself. Not with I'll show how about elaborate. Not with the actual vehicles. Something like Harpo, do you want to you don't need to subsidize the carpool itself. You may need to subsidize the information system that goes with making the whole thing successful. So that when a person signs up for this service, they are not committing themselves, but any additional cost. That would be my suggestion. Either just suggested. So you guys know the right way to figure out what to do. I thought it would be interesting to take a look at the subsidies or something. And of course we already looked at the subsidies for highway. Something like 32, 35, $0.50 a mile on the margin. So those people are not paying enough gas tax when they make a trip during peak hours. I paying what they should be paying keep our pricing is not there. Okay. I think there's some work on that. Land isn't trying to charge people based on the time of the day. Here's just a bunch of them. These are 2001 numbers. I think they are approximately correct. But the bottom line was that there was a subsidy of the passengers of about this and 2001. That was a calculated number of cores per passenger per year. And the operating there was a capital subsidy which you never see in the calculations. That is the cost of building the artist system is all subsidy, am I right? Well, it depends on grants, federal grants. I said yes, absolutely. Yeah. I would define that as a subsidiary. Fins are paying for it. It's the same kind of subsidy is for corn. Corn. However, if the calculation I just got done doing, if you were driving 40 mi a day during peak hours, maybe you've already had a subsidy of the numbers I used in the earlier $3,200 a year. It actually turned out with Martha was justified to begin with, these numbers were compared and people said, Well, we can really justify it based on the reduced cost of the road. That's what this calculation seem to show. So I'm just trying to say is subsidy to get people off the road is not unreasonable. From a public perspective. I think I've got something here. The suggested arrangement. Private corporation such as trans stele is involved in some way in providing the information part of the system, the part that is going to be largely subsidy, okay. Because subscribers pay a portion with their cell phones, but not the additional costs for transportation information services, and some pooling and car rental subsidies, which are just subject to ordinary IRS breaks. If I'm AT&T downtown and in Atlanta and I by subsidizing parking and I could reduce the parking. It is to AT&T's back. Those kinds of subsidies are probably you'd want to work in if you're in the implementation. Now this is the kind of thing and engineers like to look at. What is it that we have to look at from a technological perspective? Well, this is just a question I was asking myself. Can we track all motor vehicles in real time now? We know the answer. Yes. Yes. So that the answer is yes. You need a standard carpool and bamboo communication with tracking system that is actually very close to what's already available in cellular communication. Because you can put $100 extra. I believe it is last time I love you via GPS. And I appended, for instance, through your cell phone, you know where you are. So you need some way of tracking carpals and metacarpals, in my opinion, makers thing really affected. And obviously you need to have software less upfront cost, I think. And that's what maybe the bus company you might think. I don't know. We just mentioned the people who who do the Information Systems or Washington DC and do the statement. The next bus, next place. I didn't think you need that software to handle the patients or the calculations you have to do it. I think it turns out that somebody like AT&T is unlike the Arad, provided the service itself in the area. Maybe you can answer this question. They use external provider, right? Who have service? The handle information system like this? First of all, suppose I want to know who, who won the last game between the Valkenburg, somebody else, that you can subtract the guidance services right now, That's a good one. You can subscribe and hit the five or $10 a month. No, what route and you should take and the damage you're doing with the cell phone over the map system is that, you know what traffic congestion is taking place. So those services provided through AT&T, Let's say, are actually done by a third party. Okay. We've got that. So that's where this comes in and that's pretty expensive. And then a Bluetooth proximity system and the vehicle. Now, again, it's a very common it's a lot of shelf. Right? And the reason for that is what I described earlier. If you'd like to know the two parties are together. And the content provider is this third party providers, I guess this term right? The content provided that goes on the cell phone says, I'm shooting contract with a cell phone companies. I think that's true. You're talking about Google? No. No, I'm sorry. That's not clear. If I'm going to do what I just got done saying we should do right? When the cell phone is the basis of the information technology. Then I'm going to have to have third party providers, which are content providers who worked with AT&T to get the traffic Campbell between the two? I'm going to say that maybe the T1 lines or something, but nonetheless, you have to have that there. And yet if you live, you have to have a timed test for those companies in order to make it worthwhile. I'd say I'm a mechanical engineer. This happens that I've done a lot of stuff that account. I would say most of it has to do with the applied because the price of Dove, designing of mechanical systems cheaper to do mechanical function. Now this is, this would, if you can, if you can swing it and get 511 to be you're answering service, that would be great. Then you'd have the labor cost of implementing Flex car if first card represented. I thought maybe they might note that flex tire is an example of obviously what we have in Atlanta and could be greatly expanded. Probably there are some liability questions that had to do with legislation. Liability questions. And then the subsidy in front of a minor legal issues are all probably needed to really implement it, right? Implement this thing, right? And left out a lot of things. Let me, let me make a cost estimate here. Just a very crude estimate of what does it take to implement this 1 million. I've actually got some people suggesting with these numbers and building the Israeli department. So let's say we have a 1 million dollar that's probably too low software to drive the servers one hand and probably do some things with a cell phone. On the other hand. Makes sure that you adapt to the cell phone system and the particular cell phones that people are likely to happen. Now this is a 10% diversion of employment trips, and these are one-way trip. That's the way Martha company. One way trips that you may know. This represents a 10% diversion of London drift one way or 2,000.370 thousand trips per day that I want to divert this. Georgia, information in intensive transit want to get them off the road. And I hadn't met. Then it turned out if you take this number, you got 4.4 million a year recurring cost of $2. That's what I'm assuming. I'm almost surely paying AT and T and the servers that do that. So that's scalable. A number of users, this one is not scalable. That's the one you can't scale by number of users. You've got to get it working. And it may not scale with number of views. This one probably does scale. It might go in the second bullet. That represents 10% of the version. One way trips, one-way trip. It gets too high. Population. Mean. That's two ways, but I'm not sure. No less. A person makes two sets drips. That may be off by some factor, right? You said we've got 4 million people. Includes children in the yeah. Cut down the numbers for the other part. Is that yeah. No, you're fine. You're certainly right. I thought that that I thought I had the actual data that the problem that if you take that, did he trips and you calculate how much you have to pay? $2 a month for users and the cell phone companies. But remember the users are half of that, right there hassle that I've really made a very optimistic assumption is and how much we can pull it into the system. And that would turn out to be 46,000 pools. Pools in this case, or man foods and powerful primarily if you do, diverted, all do that. But in fact, the way the calculation is done, if those people were diverted to the four could be including the verdict commodity. So some vehicles are bigger, some are small, mandible to work differently aren't really, let's say the heat capacity or average occupancy. So you'd have 46,000 pools to meet that number at four per pool. And you'd have 1,200 rental cars at 15 ride shares for cotton or whatever that number is that all right or wrong? I don't know. But it is a number that if I have 15, if I add flexbox at Georgia Tech and everybody took didn't have power when they were at Georgia Tech. It might require one car for every 15 people. Because WhatsApp, more and more if people can't predict the future, That's one of the biggest reason we don't get in cartilage. Are you Martin? Is we don't know if I'm that particular day. I need the top. And we rather not pay a tax, which may not work very well either because they have a waiting time issue. Turns out that if they get this many vehicles, this many vehicles, these two together, if I had to pay $400 per vehicle for electronics, are you going to do that after after you do that before dollar per vehicle? That number of vehicle? Probably you would. Yeah. Including installation. Well, depends on how you install it. Yes. Including installation. You're going to install what yourself. A lot of people have already installed it in the entire right. They've got a GPS system that they track their position. When you get the numbers like this, you'd get an awfully good economy of scale. But still is the biggest, the biggest term you see that good 0.4 million vehicle electrons. The next biggest number is 4.4 million per year. So it looks like an awful bargain. Bargaining, doesn't it? It looks like an awfully good bargain when one compares it with more hardware oriented solutions, energy and material. You're trying to compare this with using more energy, more fueled the modern materials, more concrete, more rail lines or whatever to influence improving information. And there's a speculation I supposed as to whether improving information so that it was very good. When different people might have to be inside. A question, yes. What about the cost of investing into the additional rental cars and it would take because I don't think Let's kind of lead to grandly has small thousand vehicles and give me know and when they love to know when that's made by the private sector. And this assumption, this is only public sector costs. So you do get, you do pay for the rental company. But again. Remember that in theory, because there's a shortage of Keith, but not a shortage of vehicles because of that fact. It turns out it's actually cheaper to use a shared vehicle. Actual economic cost. Because you depreciated or rapidly essential. And if you've been in the billions in reservations and everything without human intervention, you have a chance of making it as she is your private car. But if you don't have a backup way of moving around, Bye. Prompt my, my postulate here is if you don't have a backup way of moving around, you, if you do miss a lot of the potential. If you don't have automatic billing system, you'd be a reasonable protection. Actually, I came into the airport last night. I have one of these pipes. We just didn't have a weapon. Okay. So we had to buy two tickets. It's a little bit of a hassle to buy two brief guide to the airport to come home. Now, this was something that just came up, obviate the need for doing some sort of focus groups evaluate the concepts. There's happens at the end of the School of Civil Engineering and lowering the process of doing focus groups and other things. I just listed a number of random, almost random. Let me hope I got that trans feminine there. Organizations that probably has something to do with this issue. And that second arrow, which I didn't think okay. I don't even know. I'm just wondering. I couldn't figure out what is the GPP afternoon. Maybe I've got a wrong. No one knows what that is. Georgia Southern something I think. Georgia public policy. During your public policy for yeah, that's what this is a private and I guess I've got the right initials there to DMA. And then you have to have a supplier. And I just used community communities because this guy and Israel is starting to do exactly, more or less exactly what we're talking about, it being successful. And he's calling the firm community, community. Confusing to me. I think this is probably the ambivalence and we're hoping to any kind of questions. This is not the end of the deal pretty. This is just an idea of how you might implement this thing off the ground. I know from experience that you're getting things off the ground. It's a little tough. New things off the ground is a little tough. That in your head against the wall and there's the kind of thing you don't want to watch, just like making sausage, right? You don't want to watch this process. Here's a, here's the claim process, then you could get started with that. The reason for this is not I personally feel it's not practical to do it without the involvement of the public sector, which makes it more difficult than otherwise. Now let's see if I've done that. I've added one. Now, I'm certainly open to discussion. A few minutes for discussion, I would think, and only a couple of minutes or three or 4 min. But what I'm saying is that there's probably a information intensive approach that would be very beneficial in diverting people from private, single passenger competent work trips primarily with all know what she has assisted in place. If I convert them from single passenger cars versus other things like going to the Dr. going to go into an athletic, things like that? Yes, sir. You have any thoughts about how to get people to buy into this program and use it? Well, I think, I think that's part of the reason I don t know really how to do. One thing would be if it was fashionable, people started looking at their phones. Know when they're going to make their trip home and when they're Carson became fashionable, that would help a lot. But that's part of the reason why I say the buying cost ought to be zero or close to. You personally can get into the system by just sitting down for an hour at your home computer and subscribing and whatever your cell phone is, we hope it works. But no, I don't know how to get people in. It is a it is a I'll give you an example. We had this example service from history city and they still do a fair amount about. It helps if the target location is you're taking people to Franklin has a reasonably high parts of that of course is an example. No, I don t know how to get it. I don't know how to get there. I just knew that the answer that we had a good answer to that question that would help us. But I'm hoping this is part of that. Yes, sir. What are some of your thoughts dealing with privacy issues that may arise due to privacy? Yeah, that's a good question. Again. I have this experience with Van pools, including one from my own neighborhood. In fact, it was 73. I started my own neighborhood which got me a mountain Peachtree City. Privacy issues. I don't know. I don't know quite what you mean, but it wouldn't be important that we have a record of exactly who was writing that those people who have subscribed. There's the possibility that you can limit who you ride. But for sure, for sure, the system can be controlled in such a way that we know who you ride with. Anything goes wrong. You can use your cell phone to call for help and I that doesn't. I'm not sure. If you're talking about the YouTube, What's the name of the thing, YouTube, am I saying? Well, this system, you, everybody knows, everybody knows what it is and what did you do want somewhere? Don't want certain people to know where you are. Don't take this system. By the way, the way people already know where are you, OK? So don't take your cell phone with if you don't want to have anybody know where are you? I'm I correct? Yeah. It's already know the time. Find a public use phone. Yeah. Yeah. You got to have a cell phone. You know, you're right. You're right. It could be an issue on some trips that I'm not suggesting. I'm actually not suggesting that any system like this would significantly reduce the ownership of private vehicles. Because you may well have to take your car to the nearby church to meet your van pool? Yes, sir. Everybody here is that yes, we have the silicone. Do you have an idea for what that number actually is, whether it's 95, 99, even higher. I'm a little concerned that those people that say No, I don't have a cell phone or mail. I had an older version of a cell phone and it may not agree with this or some of the same people that are to be used in transit as far as minorities. Yeah. And that's of course, why we have a lot of the transit operators, transit passenger are in that category. We're trying to we're trying to divert people who otherwise would use the private car. Let me see if I got your question right. Oh, it depends whether we have a democrat democratic legislature or a Republican film is a real answer to your question. Go any further. When you factor in the cost for personal vehicles versus rental vehicles? Yes. Is there any accounting for I guess there's some hidden costs that are associated with personal vehicle in the convenience that it provides that you know, that this urea, what you leave, whatever you want in it. That's why no one else is going to use it throughout their somebody to account for that? Or is that just know that there probably is not a real good way of accounting for July, enough rental cars available that almost all which you can get one, and then you could have the guaranteed ride home feature. We already nominally. Now, how does that work? Can you pin it actually home? You know the answer, right? Yeah. Sure. So we already know, in principle, if you can't get around car and it's a ride home that you can have public support with that question. Pretty expensive, but yes, we could have people actually used it. You pretty expansion. Right? Well, one of the comments submitted questions are the key questions. More information on terms of what's available, etc. The question is what people still use that information for making intelligent decisions? All the information you want to. But if people don't use it, it doesn't really affect the system so much. Yes. So my question is, are exploring my comment is this that it seems to me that information will be used if in fact that provide not only what is available, but almost tied into a real-time surveil. Travel time will be with that melt. So we're not talking about just saying new rental car example. It's almost a minute-by-minute. Sometimes get surveillance of what the highway congestion. Which gets pretty complicated pretty quickly. Yes. So do you have a sense in terms of what that could mean? I'm tied into a surveillance system performance. Well, I did say of course, you're sure that you're following all the vehicles, right? Right. But you're adding one component that I'm going to compensate for traffic and desktops or transit? Yes. Yes, Absolutely. One thing I think is very important is that if you're using a bus in particular, but also a rail or carpool, your uncertainty is the time of the vehicle will meet you at 67. I got very important. And what that means is more computation, so more information back and forth. Well, certainly the vehicle will leave me with. This is important, but I think for the travel decision-maker, that person will want to know if I take that out. It's going to take that 5 min versus if I take that, no one's going to take me 20 min versus wants to take me 15 min. Yes. So just knowing that it's going to be 60 s, no, no. I think you're getting the point like in this community, this computing community or community thinks they're very important factor predicting how long the ripple effect, not only when you're going to get picked up, but when you're going to arrive at your destination, absolutely. I think that's an important feature. And the thing is reasonable to assume, is it computing the street? Rub people the wrong way? But if it is, in principle, it virtually free. You don't, you don't like it. You don't have any I'm talking about the service provider and other firms provider. You're going to get paid for using it. Well, that's somewhat building. They're providing content. Yes. We're legally required. Okay. Good to know. Okay. We have time for two more questions. I see two more hands. I'm kidding. I can think of so many reasons why this would not hold off on that and however many things, but you give them the first time, you know. What? I think the next logical step would be to move the body. You reasonably sized text? Yes. Yes, Because here, I hope people will behave. If I look at my cell phone and says, you got to write this t is bigger than one. I think. I think. Yeah, I agree with that. I think I think in the sense that you and you certainly wouldn't implemented in the entire metropolitan area. Groups will be important to start and then a reasonable geographic target. If in fact take work trips, you can pick a target. That is certainly not the final question. Yeah. Maybe requesting a little bit long, but I was just wondering for like the immediate logistics of it using this dark day. I get up in the morning, I'm ready to go to work. All right. I gotta sell off avoided you. If you're like my shelf opportunity, extremely old, you press the button and hold it down long enough to cause it to dial the system. I have I have nine. I can do nine or ten. They can do it by pressing. Long enough. You get to my daughter for our exam. So the basic way is you press the button that you know is reading, connect you to the system. Then it assumes based on your location and the fact that you have a profile ID from work draft, that you are requesting a work trip as soon as possible, but make your profile is a little bit. Maybe your profile says, I need to always good to work at 08:00 A.M. okay. So that's in your profile to press button number one. It tells you what your options are. If it's if it's getting tomorrow, it says you better. Right now we think you have to leave for your boss, your home at 07:36. But if that gets wrong, if that turns out to be wrong before 736, it gives you another message that says, hey, we now think it will arrive at your bus stop at 07:42. When you get to the bus that you have at least the abandoned by the way, I number all of us fax number. And if you don't if you're not satisfied with the answer you put in, you you do it one of those numbers and you put it in the bus stop number that tells you how long in the future that muscle is going to be there where it says By guy, I'm sorry, I did this, right? And there's a lot of magnitude, but yes, you want to make it as simple as possible. Because you, you personally have a profile. Another number might be I want to get a rental company. There might be a little bit of exchange of data to get those things, right, right. Because on the Georgia Tech campus or any place else or the number of spots you knew about for mental health? Maybe wasn't even near here. Certainly near three right across the street? Yes, right across the street, there's a spot labeled for flex khaki. Now if you were doing your system immigrant and a great grand way, there'll be a lot of such pumps. That was thank you very much. I wanted to hit well, but I can't remember. Thank you.