So this work charity car was
what we did in the last.

Six or seven years applying
microfluidics to your neighbor

genomic profiling and
I will talk about why that is about so

the idea of procedure Madison certainly
is that you are want to gather smarter so

you can do more like information about
the patient and that they use that

information to hopefully Tater to pass a
treatment of other particular patients and

the Certainly this type of information in
the post the genome Ira you always you

know genomics and also IP genomics
transport Your makes proteomics So

one thing I want to remind you is
that the genomics is fairly constant.

What that means is you are in say
a treatment period say half a year a Y.

year for a cancer patient the genomics
pretty much stayed stable

course and the second the wall
it's also notational specific

city meaning if in the past the genomics.

Or they look at the same results and

the art of how a poll makes
talking about here every genomics

transport you're makes They are a fairly
dynamic can also teach your specific.

Opportunities for a tool monitor or.

Because of that they will be specific and
also they are fairly trends in and

that they and I make they are into
these they are low and so

hopefully by following these kind the
different layers of regulate hurry systems

that allows you to follow the easy self.

And.

A little bit about that hey say is
certainly you know people realize D.N.A.

sequence is very important
in terms of the.

However people also realize from earlier
point about the that the sequence.

That they could hates
the that they rattle point or

the biology because if you
look at to the process.

You know when the human being you know
from a fertilized diagnose reaches

the circle in a single cell and the keeper
of the officiating into the wiring

to a janitor human body
which includes allowed.

In the tissue of hives drastic a day for
morphology for the South Wales and

also drastic more like about their front
to what I can about allergy so that means.

That they should have
the same genomics and

that means something else is playing
important role in such there.

And the art of process you can see
there is things like mammary or

learning or of the action for
example you listen to my power crane now

hopefully sour days later some of
the ask you all this talk is about he

considered how something that means this
experience leaves a biochemical marking or

mind that obviously this kind of change
cannot be a genomics mutation so

it has to be something that's more
trends into more faster than that so

that people recognize that.

Involve the bad hypo process too and
if you look hard to the.

DRUG.

This is actually NY entirely
surprising because if you look in.

Your house twenty three pairs away and
it's not just the wary long run the D.N.A.

It's double stranded D.N.A. wrapped
around a protein called a peaceful and

if you allow any changes to the peaceful
For example if there were a group through

the tail or a seed through
the tale that's how facts are.

Accessibility of the song

that's how facts that come from a show
the chromosomal big factor was a change.

In the local area and so
he's got modifications of one type.

That changes the transcription.

Expression and the hype but
that doesn't change the D.N.A.

sequence OK the art of hybrids call
the PM methylation that he feels.

To the side of the scene this is one
of the four bases for nuclear Hi it's

the Ohio in the you know the uni then
that I can change is the charge changes

the conformation changes the accessibility
so changes are all call of the.

Changes and
they are even while the enormity of.

The seas they are local and
you know it's very wide ranging

in terms of the scene moment so why
important message like I'm Irish in the in

the earlier slides is that the I.P.T.
Normally it's wire marched a shoe in

the south specific that means they feel
I'm alive is the established IP genome.

Using say model sounds that that
would be there for and from using.

A cell from the bones or Otter.

So the current higher for it is that
people are establishing the reference IP

genomes for different hafe you would have
us there for us for humans certainly and

also for the U.C. important model animal
like mice and certainly the goal is that.

You might want to apply
this to the clinical.

Clinical.

World or the way it would appear
it's obviously on there for

us they establish the reference IP
genomes what that means is water.

I mean if.

There was.

A feature a low clock and
after that you sort of want to establish

what he looks like one that they tease or
curse and

of a your comparative tool hopefully
the so-called a function I know teach and

the IP genome meaning a certain area
are certain feature is connected

with sort of phenotypes or
certain you know date OK

then you can now you can profile
a patient using that patients much cereal

you're saying now reach category I can put
this by they get a page in the into you

know that's a sort of call the patient
the stratification you say OK there to be

you know that the patient to this
category therefore they stop or

treat them and it would be so that
historically say by seventy percent a fact

to this particular patient that's holy or
really.

Pay well over this kind of tailored
treatment of a particular patient or

using that such information certainly if
you understand that you know more and

how their changes with of these
seas that gives you a biomarkers

that gives your targets
potentially to work for the for

the The Art of a way feel me out and so

certainly a problem with
me how process is the order

to work with piece of the materials
you're limited by the amount how cells

of readable you you know so I allays there
are some examples you know how fine needle

biopsy you know several
hundred thousand cells see

you know tens of thousands of cells and
you know and a day.

Mainly in those cells if you had to
resign action that you were more or

the post-mortem human some poll number
in some poll so are mainly in the.

I and but.

If you try to look at
the circulating tumor cells

you really only got to one to attend such
cells from one million million later

then you're really roughly ten
to one hundred of them full.

On to sort of a you know
addition to that again

genome is specific to the south type
you're probably we'll do some sour

isolation to generate a homogeneous
population those cells before passing

that to the pontiff order the Krays of the
number of cells of we're able to we'll.

Find only I think a large number of marks

means to be prostate so each individual
marker with the require a separate c So

I was a little bit more about
that about so why I say we first

is called a personal piece and
this is I will save for a examining.

You know why the peaceful modification so
this is a gold standard and I would say

the way it works is that you're first the
how cells you break the cells to extract.

And then because you want to be compatible
with them that's generation sequencing

now we need to operate across all me into
smaller pieces anywhere from two hundred

to six hundred B.P. for you to piece and
then now you're going to include.

These pieces that come pain contain the.

More they find at least on your targeting
that for example you interesting in H.

story K.

for I me three that would be the H.

story.

With slicing for prying the by.

Then they are high on
the body targeting that and

they are how these magnetic obese
code here there is such antibody

then they would have pulled
down the fragments containing.

Such a fight he stole and
the day you can test the leaving just the.

Interacting with the still and
then you can do either Q.

P.C.R. if you mind that you want
to see if this particular gene

is interacting with the store or

you can try to do sequencing which gives
you that you know why the profile of all

the locations in the genome has this
small they fight he's still OK So

the problem with Why are powerful as see
the problem is that I see is that they

require a million cells and like Quad for
you just imagine that you know earliest

allies you don't normally have them on the
it sells to go out and certainly a lot of

the procedure with the manual so that
it requires multiple days for such a C.

and.

For his the modification certainly or

how different the modification the figure
here shows that they're out there for

a face on tails and I had different
location there for an amino acid is.

There for the modifications so
so there are.

A base for it to explore relate to.

The state still cold or so-called.

So they're obviously how being
they will open the Order years to.

Decrease the import of the sound
number required of us such

as a I think of the that
who that's how you

rather that's what we need they wound
up the I think that there are roughly.

That are using chameleon cells we were
able to work with less than one hundred

cells and
there was a good drops chip with a well.

That can work with a single
cell the problem is that.

There wasn't a whole lot of
information generated on single cell

they How about one.

As a result of sell so
I'll do a comparison

you know about someone with when we
talk about that they you know so

before we pericope this problem one
thing without a mirror is obviously

going to be the minimal number
of cells in your to require for

such a chip see say maybe there
is a theoretical number because

idea about so one thing we can see
there is that you look at these

labor per precinct here they need to
prepare a library for sequencing normally

requires about twenty people anywhere
from ten to twenty people where I'm.

OK they are either you look at the.

Data OK that they've had their way or
read that is the X.

axis is the location in the genome
the way Access is the signal

after the chip seek process if we'll see
a peak here that means that a particular

location you know how that particular
modify the peaceful at that location so

this is her genomes profile
they were roughly look.

At all these peaks that Gadar What's the
fraction of the genome occupies OK we look

at that it's roughly around five percent
OK So if you're considered out there then

for Chip seek I would say I describe
your roughly supposed to collect.

The code whole.

Fragments if you need to generate a twenty
Pico gram of D.N.A. and that each

cell contains of all six people Gram
the simple calculation shows if you're

collecting them one hundred per cent
you only need to sixty seven cells for

such work so that's what we were shooting
for once we haue idea about that so

what we demonstrated in this call
most chip see Michael floating all.

Three Washington feet is that we were
able to collect it being a battered and.

To order magnitude of the Compared to this
NATO are to add a point and that allowed

us to look at really you'll just one
hundred cells to generate such data and

process takes only about less than two
hours so that her going to call you

Mabel or here is where a simple as I will
show you look at that you made here just

a how a single chambre here microfluidic
chambre and then we form a pack the bad so

we are chemical engineers we
like pack the baddest so and

then you know how a single wall here that
enable us to collect that the immense wire

of the crummy thing fragments I shall say
with wire high efficiency then we haue

a war game to remove the now specific odds
option so the process works like this so

you know how big a fairly big chamber and
of the wall here can be

close the how fully meaning that
the particle will be stopped but

the the the wall heard of fluid the kind
of see through such as a drought or

so while you do that and you compact
the microscope bees I guess such

as to dry out here and there your family
is packed the bad and the once you have

that so you can follow the crawl meeting
fragments through such a structure and

then now they need to squeeze through
the the winding past ways between

the particles and the date there are where
a small gaps between the particles

Now you know this is like a C.V.
in structure now however high captions

in the efficiency by the way the beads
are cold here the way is on table they

targeting the particular type of
peaceful in these fragments OK but

certainly the trance is my
improved specific your target

you also seem prone increases nonspecific
as option so you have to how long.

The war to go is that and
then so what we did was just

the make an equally a move to be back
on the force in the Chambre by applying

pressure pulses either through hands of
the Chambre So why are you leave him.

Turned out to be working OK and that then
after the war signori more than our for

the safeguards option you can do without
her a couple of homes and then yeah and

then you can you know the washing of
the beads you can collect the bees are for

the of the micro fertility
of the Weiss they occur.

Sort of that as the song and the piece
of the D.N.A. prepared elaborate just

like our body else and that then we come
prepare a labyrinth for a sequencing and.

Here I'm sure a video that shows the
movement of the war scene of the piece so

you can see the bees are moving back in
the force in the channel like crazy so

so there's mechanical washing and
then we can sort of.

Before we do sequencing it's a low
cost way to look at it if it works or

not so the way we look at it
is we look at the Richmond

meaning we know certain locations
that's supposed to how this signal.

Is the modification I have that particular
gene and that then there is our area that

you know the signal of to be very low and
that now you want to see the maximum or

differentiation between the two types
of pause if you will recall and.

Then you can hear my is the combination
in terms of war amount of bees and

their fingernails and you can see
sort of the other sort of conditions

that the contrast is bad her you know
that So these are cool combinations and

so basically our results show
that we can pretty much collaring

you know us march of being we want but
if we look at the reach went.

You know one day you reach middle school
that we can fill collect anywhere

from five to eight per cent
of the crummy eighteen

you know just the water we asked
them a table to became is and

that's all we feel we are pretty much
collecting a tad to the theoretical level

certainly there is no guarantee that we
are only collecting that would be in or

call the core meeting fragments there but
we are we are you by neighborhood now or

the last so
this is the data again the X.X.

says is the location of the genome if
you're seeing a peek at that's in the case

that particular location or how this type
of he's the most vacation we look at

the would have is a useful modification
why it's an active weeping markets for a.

Me three he already is
the sort who indicates Warda.

Story is.

Twenty seven A C.

so we work our way down using pencils and
cells per hour as say and

all the way down to one hundred cells
pricey so you can see we did the how

higher noise level while you know how
life cells but now were less for the for

the major peaks we are seeing the same
thing in the same information

OK I guess history Kate when they
say when they see work sell a better

you know you terms of seen exactly
that then tickling information there.

Now this is now we can work with one
hundred cells we can work with tens of

cells so that's the thing we are thinking
about his like I'm Irish in the bureau of

marks you know on the low cat then you
know if you really want to push this for

personal Madison you're probably how large
number zero patients I'm holds to love

cats different types and so on so you
want to work with high throughput meaning

you're on their conduct of the sizes
multiple wives in the same routine it's

really so the way why we wanted to
with theory is that we can operate for

the motive of the WEISS You know isolate
him to fashion the they are not to

communicating with the charger but
he just of Samael Taney Asli So

here see.

OK so what you can see is that.

You know we can you know this is so
the Washington guys that's

more pronounced you can see they are
moving target or sort of the same way or

fashion then we are operating for
I see as they move in the US away if.

We can easily make a bigger number or

really it's working together you can see
the walls are for lashing and you know

you sort of remove the some holes the
chips the same routine the Asli tool so

that's possible you know another
piece of work we saw how you can also

start with the same sample but this
blade that four way is the you know so

that is a labor tree key in the sense
that they feel steel how packed the bad

you know how a lot of pressure drop I
think US chemical engineer we can easily

appreciate that and so we change
that how about that to how well for

the guy is the bad
meaning that the you know

how a flow then you know how a magnet into
the pool to be so counterbalance of the.

Two forces and that they are how
the bees basis of spawn they

are the in the solution so that's
less than say the last pressure drop

it works maybe a same or
a very and and we can.

Make them work.

You know and
war in art of things art of stamps OK

yeah to make it even simpler
what we thought is also that.

Says We are working with the goal is to
work with a small number of cells and

they are not generating a whole
lot of Crimea here for humans

they are probably don't need a whole lot
of surface area for such as often so

we were thinking if we haue a bigger
channel maybe the substrate of the surface

of the channel will be someplace in
the folds of her work so you miss.

Particular work we call it surface
champ we just we mobilize the for

the bottom of the class I thought
both on the channel which

is Colossus The allows easier
surface chemistry that our way.

We use a surface chemistry from
Team Heath group that's supposed to

are they with a high density and
then we have to say manner of things we

follow the meeting fragments in and
that their way to Washington or

in more than our specific goals option and
that they way that Jass the whole and

that to gather D.N.A. with a lot of
the D.N.A. prepared to allow every OK.

The good news is up obviously
we found it through and so

these are the data I think one thing we
are exploring is that also to use it to

profile vacation like each story twenty
seven I mean three this is generally.

Regarded as a harder to
profile he's the mother

the reason is that if you look
at the feature H three K.

four I mean story you're
largely see the scene

the reader peeks that
are fairly sharp fairly tall.

In the saddle and
you know how these brawler the peaks

they're all connected to Gander this
whole thing is can see the peak and

then they are fairly low
to you know only why or

how a very low background than your
able to tell this is the peak so

I'm glad that we were able to do that
through I think of that young coded

data is what we put a reference to this
is water that they tell people collect

data using ten million cells using
the combination No you know approach

you can see we are human using one
hundred cells five hundred cells

we offer a better signal to noise
ratio compared with their data.

We also obviously comparative
to the Motor Vehicle reach

you know how the bees probably
bigger surface area and

that we see actually Same
with our performance here.

The surface here but obviously at
this point it basically just require

a single channel to do that say you know
how are channel your follow the solution.

To the things in that they
have that I say done and

the so if you put a label being system
in there then there are lousy to.

Prove you can also function
is the surface was there for

his full marks then you can use
the same thing was to look at there for

his full marks so in this case we tried
our Fortran Otherwise we also tried the H.

and O.
the Weiss You can see there is no

crosstalk between these channels and
the you how the replication.

Wrapper locates you know why
you're trying to do the same C.

to look at the same face for
mother for creation OK so.

That's what we did the case for
modification so

we also there were a lot of the wise
unpack knowledge for the emasculation So

I want to hear on a better tool
about how to look at Pima solution

using a technique called
by the sequencing OK so

that the solution this is established the.

Approach to do by itself and
sequencing what that means is kind O.

I.P.G. now I think change now
is that whether the site or

scene is a minefield or at this point so

what people found is that if you
are treated using chemical by Sol fight

it's actually by itself I sold him
a sodium by saw fight then I mean.

If the federal scene as a parish to
a Mathilde group then that doesn't change

if the center scene is not how
it is not a mass on a table.

You're a cell after the amplification
that the whole thing becomes

a P C So basically your car
working there my thought lesion

status into the sequence information
after that you basically just need

to do the sequencing they are compared to
the origin no in the reference genome.

Or our your C.

are the C.

becomes a key you know how our.

Side R.C.I. had our location so the masses
are all for a single new kind of higher

resolution you know if you're sequenced
deep enough you can pile each and

every in the nuclear high that there
are there my solution state health is

you know again the problem is that your
the need or several micrograms of D.N.A.

that's allowed ourselves to
generate such information.

And one bolt of America.

Is that that the by Solve the come up.

Loses a lot of D.N.A.
just of the straw is of the D.N.A..

And that then they cannot be seen
they were in a sequencing and

that require a lot of D.N.A.
to start with this.

So before I got into
the details of how we do the.

Come under the bias of a sequencing
I want to measure Jan our problem for

microfluidics dealing with is
more like an about bad that's.

How you would add that in your agents
from one to the odder because if

you recall that if you're doing this
molecular biology in the branches Gail

you will just have and
they keep writing things to it and

the save for
micro floor they see enormous now.

One chambre if I have things to
it that's going to fly to the So

they are for each and only in their outer
So you're losing my period that way so

there is a one way to solve that
problem that was in the earlier work.

That was also subsequent to use the in
the commercial products from flu virus.

Is that you know how a bunch of
chambres attach the charter.

To the beginning of
the process when there were

other reagent to open one
of the chambres of the.

Astra Wallie I'm now you can put
the chemical in there without losing

the previous chemical certainly
the problem there are two problems one

is that if you know how many you
need to add many chambres in.

More and more complex Sagen the.

You need to be careful about
the interference different regions cuz of

the rage of the Orioles in the first of
may not be compatible with the region.

So that they will be in mind
makes of the gather so the.

Way they are why the sort of problem
is that they couldn't use chemical

analysis of the cells that you'll
thermal ices which is incomplete.

But they label the real and then they
also need to sign the Chambre size so

that they have a proper that Lucian so

that the later region doesn't that
the earlier read age into doesn't strongly

interfere with the leaders that so
we have thought that that's a general

problem if we won the treatise a new
career as is from our table stamps of the.

Work in a we thought maybe we
we want to think of something

better than that you know so in this
case we're fairly simple the Weiss.

Complicated by twenty.

Periods are only their reaction
chambre I had to send her and

they saw attached to the Can we
call noting chambres the size and

the connection between the reaction
chambre and the loading chambre can be.

Established by operating these walls
that's all they say is we realize that.

There is a gigantic difference in terms
that they feel safe with criticizes and

other smaller.

Rage and like ions or not you know.

Deal with two fifty.

Which is not a worry big of you fragments
we're talking about swore a magnet you'll

get there for us even if you're saving
compared to ions on the small molecules

OK what I mean is is you can
imagine doing the diffusion.

Rage and takes change that the DA will
largely if they in the reaction chambre.

Because they feel they're so slowly but
the small islands would be able to

quickly catch into the loading chambre and
the small islands or small molecules in

the loading chambre will be able to
get into their reaction time for

you on the same period so they did some
modeling to prove that's the case and.

So the process works
like this when we come.

Here this is a cross-section
of you otherwise so

the center one is the reaction.

To the tremors on the science or.

So we will the force will start
approaching that the interaction chambre

and that then we can close
over the walls between

the reaction chambre and
loading chamber now there by itself.

With a be able to the fields into
the ration chamber and of the D.N.A.

with a large they there your software or
small.

Person there was something you know that
badly do by itself either come worse and

then that's its cause of
this these solve formation.

Which And again you can sort of this is a.

KILL YOU CAN THEY feels that seen through
the reaction chambre and often if done.

By diffusion again this time yellow
the water in the loading term for

the cat out because what are you
preparing the subsequent Babs.

Needs to be Gatorade up to and
by doing all that we found that we

are much more D.N.A. than that the coal.

That actually it was pretty cool
with a they tell you in terms of

looking at the D.M. isolation.

That are going to go
into the details here but

that we you know people using thirteen and
a gram of D.N.A.

they were trying to eighteen they were
occurring only point nine maybe in

the C P G M isolation features and
then we can.

Easily.

You know one point a final meeting
of these features using a three and

a gram so we're doing much better.

Much better information using
much less the and the more

importantly we are twenty covering that
being with small car reach more more

the sequencing so that to this is March
higher confidence data for to work with.

So the last part of from a talk
is to talk about some biology

you know and the magical unified theory
of the scar were using these technologies

because I want to really show that the we
can work with space in the materials we

can establish South have a specific
command there and that we can.

To really information or
biological you size that

that's potentially interesting in the U.S.
for and.

So one thing one direction I have
in my lab is to look to the brain

how data functions and
the HOW that you know genomics the.

Facts of the brain functions and
the brain day while point.

Because in the earlier in the talk
that the brick here eighty

people really However.

Is highly involved in their so you know
this particular project we are looking

at different parts so most the brain
we look at the prefrontal cortex

we look at cerebellum OK the cerebellum
generally people believe this is

the location for
mold hole here if he is in the moment.

And the prefrontal cortex
that's the place for

responsible for the nation and
the planning OK so

they have drastically different of
functions we want to see whether you know

we can see some difference in the I.P.G.
you know so we isolated the tissue.

And that then we would China nuclei and
then we'll facts.

From clears the supporting South type and
then we come profile the IP genome for

these two different types and
you can see sort.

Of the.

Neurons from prefrontal cortex and
the organs from that.

It's interesting that the neurons
in there from place is.

Very different genomes so

that's sort of gives you some hints about
how they're more like you're a basic.

Supports the that they are for us in
the functions and also virus was there for

at least all marks you can see for
example for each three K.

four I mean three this is a correlation
in no matrix if a loose brood that means

they have a high correlation amount of
data sets so you can see in that case.

A fairly good uniformity
across the different

types of cells from different
location of the genome.

It's much more differentiating if you
look at the art or tool case the marks so

that's the address of these to his or
marks are probably more closely

related to that they are friends
in the function of the location

in the that I care about E.G.
So that's one.

Project to read there that
the art of thing we look

at also related to brain is that.

We want to see how do you know under
the psychotic drug facts of the.

Genome.

Because for example I have P.T.

nomic chanties has us back to
the month of the season X.

schizophrenia.

And euen so sort of in you know
that unpaid psychotic drug or how.

We use the symptoms so
you wonder how they help so

we feed of the mice character
the mice are truly using the.

Drug called commos impune and.

For fairly long period of
time they will look to

deem isolation profiles from the treated
the mice the house six treated in my.

Biased see.

How the mice indicted only by the vehicle
using the vehicle these are to control.

So then we can figure out some
difference between the two groups

in terms of my summation we found the file
hundred modern five hundred locations that

are in the genome that they are different
and that we found that are.

Genes related you know how been proven
to be related already involved in.

P.T.Z. it's so so I think the implication
from this data why is that.

The under psychotic drug
probably improve the symptoms

by interacting with you know so I can do.

That or it's a cautionary note
about why or for example.

The post-mortem of human brain some polls

you need to be careful
to differentiate the.

Changes introduced by the progression
were source of the genomic

changes introduced by the drug
because the patients probably

took some drugs when they were alive so
so you really need to be careful

when you do such and novices lie or trying
to find the country for comparison so.

So they are did you actually.

Pay genomics in the Certainly I
mean one per track that we're now

going to look at how our meal
tasted like B.R.C.A. one changes.

Our hypothesis is that
a mutation like B.R.C.A.

one with a sort of lay the ground.

For the sort of.

London scape that makes the.

More likely compared to the.

Wild type comparison.

See you one mutation so the B.R.C.A.
one is that your tumour surprise or.

Teen.

Teen.

You know if woman has a B.

or C Y mutation then there is a seventy
percent chance for the woman to look at

bras accounts are forty four
a person their chance to get home or

cancer so
this mutation is really made a famous

by the per one hundred two in
the surgery you know by the.

Early I guess you know already
two cells or so were years or

so so this is a famous mutation
sort of way and that the way we.

Wade through I mean the pre-concert Taishi
was that I mean the sort of the patient

doesn't how any kind sir at that
point maybe when they're young so

this is from the cosmetic surgery.

That we can edit out the breast tissue and

the because our technology allows us
to work with a small number of cells

we can be wide of the cells
into four fractions you know.

That's more true.

Janitor so draw most cells because
all cells and then if you look

at the Crystal modification they
have her here you can see that.

We have the B.R.C.A.
one mutant compared to the wild

type you can see that they largely look
same or in terms of peaks a location

number of peaks with a big subset of
these highlighted area highlighted.

Spitefully following up or
janitor you can see sort of the B.R.C.A.

one meal to meal ten looks
on a bit there front and.

You see some of their friends there.

But you know certainly there are there's
a lot more difference if a compare

among the different South types so if you
can sort of look across their roles and.

And that then sort of again
this is a correlation.

Of the left there's
a correlation matrix with there

you can see you can roughly group.

Some poles of the same South higher plane
to one in the WHERE THEY ARE you know

the square surrounded by
this what I can frame and

the area surrounded by this
yellow frame that's that's really

the mutinous sample B.R.C.A. one Milton
sample you can see you know from the you

know if you look at the genome and
I will correlation it's hard

to differentiate that are from
the from the wild type samples but

if you look at it more closely
those will be debate on the right.

Individual.

You can find these locations
that are mutants which

indicated by the yellow line
underneath the column and that.

Is the black line and
they're nice to the column and.

So you can see for baseball cells for
example the six thousand six

sixty four hundred the locations
that you know how increase of the.

Cave from this I always see seven hundred
locations is a decrease the signal

you know for
normal progenitor your house and

of these size tool for
the art of South house why of the storm or

sell you know you needed to realize So
you see a much bigger number

of the sites being their friend in that
it's crazy how twenty three Sauza And

you know size being having
a decrease of the you know.

You know you know just
just why a compared.

With the be able to hunt and
then the art of South how more true

your house generally wire feels
sites that are different.

And the militant and and the wild type so

that in general tassel sort of differing
involvement to different roles played

by these different South types so
we're still piecing out the art of

information to get or you know to
hopefully to form a complete picture.

To see if we can prove the it's our
hypothesis and to summarize I guess

hopefully I show you that it's important
to do the profiling R.P.G. no.

Specific manner but

why you try to do that or a requires you
to work with a small number of cells.

That are microfluidics per why
it's such a private from to do

put houses and
also with higher throughput you know and.

One thing I want to I got five.

In general certainly people talk about
single cell analysis these days a lot.

But in general you can generate much
higher quality of data if let's say you

work for thirty cells and they use all of
these sorties sawzall January one profile

where you'll single cell have knowledge
to produce a thirty data science

then patch them take at or the reason is
obviously you need to do bar coding and

all of that kind of things
that loses a formation and

cannot recover later and
then that decreases the.

That they have quality So if you're
south Bailey pay is not creating or for

you it's almost always a better
relative to go in terms of

data quality to do what we call a low
importer see that our single cell I.C..

Is that I will consolidate Coleridge
hurdles I think being worked.

It is a number of nations and
when I come up biologists

there from pro-drug side of things
certainly Carlson learning things from

the dumb you know they'd be poor
why the polls for us I think.

Highlight the we see you working on
the poor in who member IN THE MONEY how

the seas are rolling is a breast cancer
you know B.R.C. you are mutation and

I also work with T.N. and the kind of high
end these are buying from occasions for

that whole novice is under so long there
are people I work with for example so in.

On the C.T.C. we started somewhere for
looking I see it he sees

you know she's a sport on C.B.C.
isolation a wee wee haue some

project there looking at the book burning
highness or a Working with Madame E.

at the Stanford you know and we also work
on a bit of Champ working with Julia.

I thought Northwestern and

I also on our funding from
different years think you'll solve.

H..

So we.

Would be happy to either
take any questions.

Or you.

Know.

Yet who.

Who.

Do.

Your circular.

Saw for sure whoa I think this so
far are certainly show that will

be using facts a lot I think it for
the worse of

them doubt that's good I think a surface
marker that's one type of female popular.

But there for
example if there is an art or

current here you know how certainly
regardless how ill how the cells.

How a sizable group that we can do the
subsequent stop so profiling that peach

you know and like like how Martian though
I think that's right no one here is data.

How meaningful isolation is a fall
particular biological class when

you know if you know the pending
all you know how how cool that

isolation is of all particular
biological problem then.

Make a profile is yours for
not you'll fall once we generate that but

what that is sort of only works where
while with what her work sorting

stop you how before that but
not supposed to happen you know upstream.

You know for sure.

I think it's sort of the way we kind of.

First of all you know how these South How
is that the HOW DO YOU HAVE A is

a poverty is a beta.

I think it's sort of first of all we
need to Wily that our technology for

us in that case the past.

And their common condition like I are but

the else then my childhood that
they tell you how was are but

they else for example offer you the formal
chair they say OK we've got the same data.

So you can do a correlation
between your data and

that their data just by putting beans
in their genome sort of the then

that's just across correlation of that so
if you know how a very high correlation.

Source.

You know you'll have to assume that.

I guess I mean first of all it doesn't
matter it's homogeneous or not I mean if

you know how reproducible makes sure they
are supposed look at the same profile OK.

In.

School they scout scene from the whole
merge to Jeannie if they and

but they want to have
that data you'll say OK

my might have knowledge attacks out and
then they walked or were.

There they'll say OK well however I have
a scar on I need to believe in that but

certainly there are certain criteria for
example for each story came for

I mean story normally people with
a find the same twenty thousand peaks

I think it's a pretty wide the winds
to deal probably anywhere from

seven thousand the true thirty cells
in the would be reasonable if I run

feel it's reasonable if you know
how side one hundred something's

wrong you know if you know how file
solves and something's wrong you know so

you'll have some general idea
once you see the data at the art

of thing is certainly the reproducible
Bailey paper between the ripening case

if you know how I reproduce a baby
the bear I mean you have for a.

Whole you know.

I think I can trust that.

Sure for

sure.

Right that's that's that's.

I think it certainly has
to they're part of that

how you do those sorting and the south.

Correctly there I think in Britain
happens to be aware of the situation

because the late or early you can say
Irene you're wrong it's there for

an hour and because of their
location because their connectivity.

If you really want to wear or
find a resolution.

I mean there is no limit to that
you're sort of I think of why approach

would be actually doing thing with our
analysis there basically in that case

you're gathered data from a bunch of
cells they all say I cannot differentiate

these cells based on surface marker there
is no cool surface marker either but

now I how this IP genomic data for you to
cells I can you'll see that taste takes.

You into groups therefore these each group

I plan to believe this is wild subtype and
that.

You basically isolate
the south have that away.

That's really the profiling in
the lobby for profiling so.

More and more complicated certainly but
but brains certainly of virus Barsel organ

say that if you know how a tumor it hey
sure maybe you're not as Sun City you

DO YOU ARE thing is for example let's
say you care only about tumor cells but

by your house I mean if you're treating
you know email cells in there also allow

us to the tumor cell is the let's say
a person tell the cells they are talking

about then they are going to
show it's a number of scame

sequencing IRA cell provides one copy of
the genome and I mean if you're providing.

Marcel's that's going to
show up March better than.

You know you mean yourselves.

So I think.

They are hanging on the situation.

I was a problem sort of in the we surely

you know these are certainly
relevant considerations.

Yeah you

know.

Right.

A reason is that.

Prior to the laboratory your
house fixation process there.

For gays is gnarly near and.

Fertile a way.

To beat a collection I mean even on
the table it may not be entirely

a linear process either meaning that you
may not take it you know ten times more.

If you have ten times more cells to start
with I think our experience has been that.

If you're prime to extract the smaller
percentage of the chance of being a why or

how a bigger number of cells so I think
all you things country be able to so

you don't how a leaner.

Leni or.

Process there I think of that's
a random when the point is that.

Why you know compared to use profiles
certainly you want to do these polls.

In the same fashion meaning if
who is one thousand cells for

tumor they are compared to the surrounding
tissue you're better used by cells and

cells for the teeth a shoe tool in so
that in the end they you

if you're see that peak of this appearing
that that's a real thing you're.

Yeah there is no intrinsic limit I
think of what time I should there was.

To prepare a laboratory you
need a ton of The anyway

why me to do that is you know collect
the D.N.A. from different samples

they are barcode of the different samples
they're friendly and they'll pull the B.H.

I gather took gave you that twenty
people gram they have come forward or

push the the amount how each some holes
to you want to lower a smaller number but

certainly if you need to do that bar
coding you probably lose some D.N.A.

If you're into our process so
that there is some compromise there but

intrinsically there is no.

Limit I think that
the limited way see is that.

How how low you can go and this deal
will be enabled to generate heels for

information for example even the case so
the single cell

chamber Sica experiment they had to have
a field just generate a thousand rays

it's why are hard to analyze the data
you no longer see the peaks and

it's basically warily information cowards.

Later fraction of
the genome Soledad to just.

Being useful at that point but
I don't know if you can.

Clear cut a line somewhere
what he is useful for

they data published in
Nature about her knowledge.

Care and that they were able to
differentiate different types

just based on that the one solved the race
so so I think they pending all of the.

Ask you know.

Thank you.