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>> He's going to. Hear. I. Believe that it's the. One. And I share. I mean they should say thank you very much that was pretty it thank you thank you. So much I love this audience you come to this room and you know that you always know that there's going to be people here because you're all and it's just great I never have to worry about having an empty seat all right now my name is mentioned just a day I was and I am a professor of the practice.

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In elem seat and literature media and communications and I have an Allen college and I study history and practice of telling stories across media in a variety of different ways I teach in a variety of different schools I taught for the last 5 or 6 years both in Simon Fraser in Vancouver and at the University of lower so lousy and Poland for there as Miss program and I have taught advance narrative and I teach a lot about Disney stories and I teach a lot about children's games.

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So before that I spent 20 years as a design strategist working with companies to develop their stories all of them through exhibits like museum exhibits and major corporate exhibits. I had do have a number of publications and actually the reason for this stock is because currently I am if I can find my book this came out in 2012 it was written with only who was a computer engineer at Disney for 10 years during the period of time $95.00 to 2005 when there were just going online and we got together and we wrote this.

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I wrote it I wanted to get to games so one of the things that I did with the history is I truncate it films in 1937 when we finished with Snow White and then we went on to talk about variety of other things including how games were developed.

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I've now always felt that there was something lacking there back and I've looked at the history of the film technology that they've developed since 1907 and that's what I'd like to. Talk to you about today now. Disney love storytelling and he believe technology could make storytelling better he's described in a number of different ways you know he's described as a entrepreneur as a Film Producer is a pioneer of the American animation industry founder of scene parks public perception of him predominantly though is as a filmmaker and particularly filmmaker of family oriented films and experiences but more than that Disney was.

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A visionary he there were a number of things that he absolutely. Felt about what he was doing for people. And these are his words people are always analyzing our approach to entertainment we have never lost our faith in stories that make people laugh. Stories about stories about war are human things stories about historic characters and events he said the inclination in my life for the motto you might call it has been to do things and make things which will give pleasure to people in new and amusing ways he was much more interested in making things happen for people in the money the money was his brother's thing right and as he said once about Disney World or Disneyland I didn't create this to make a lot of money I created this because I want people to be happy I wanted them to have a place in which they could bring their families and enjoy themselves so there were 3 things that make Walt Disney tick his belief in story his belief in technology and innovation and his belief in having fun but beyond that Walt Disney was also a visionary who believed that it was technology.

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That should be pushed to its limits in order to relate stories to provide experiences and to build worlds. If the technology didn't exist yet in order to create something he pushed for it to be created and that's just the way he was he expected people to make miracles happen so what I'm going to do today is I'm going to give you very really quick run through of the 1st major innovations before.

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Before we get to feature films. Talk about Steamboat Willie and I'll talk about Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs briefly and then I'll talk about the continuation of the exploration of the innovation that went on the 4 major films after Snow White and what happened with live action animation animatronics around the time of Mary Poppins there were quite a number of live action animation films the 1st use of computers development of caps which was a major step in how they developed traditional animation 1st c.g.i..

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Then ongoing c.g.i. has it's become progressively more sophisticated and finally we are as you're being as you're using it in in filmmaking now. So I wanted to give you a brief look after where Disney started so that's him in the corner up there but this was he when he was 19 years old he was born in 1001 so it was 19 years old when he went to work for the Kansas City slide company reason I bring this up is because from the beginning he had an approach to how technology could help make story now when he got there the company made advertisement advertising films for the movie industry and this is what they used to use the articulated character as little bits of paper that were you know tied together and they move them around and then they did stop motion animation and he felt because he looked around to see what was going on in the industry that they could do so much better that they could make things smoother and more realistic looking by using paper drawings but the company didn't want to do that it was too advanced for them to progressive risky.

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And so what did he say Hey is that Ok if I could do this on my own and the president of the company just Boral cameras he took them back to us he was living with his parents those and everybody in the garage he took them back to his work to discover and he started making little films and one of his 1st clients was.

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A local theater run by a guy named Neumann and he created animated little animations for them for him and he called this company in human laughter Graham's left went on to become successful in number of ways. In the next 10 years produced 46 Alice shorts Alice in Wonderland shorts 26 oz waltz shorts funny little rabbit before you went on to create Mickey Mouse in 1928 just a sound was coming in now he had gone to see the jazz singer and in the jazz singer you hear Al Jolson singing you can actually see him sitting here and it was synchronized so that it wasn't a song that was in the background actually came out of his mouth very innovative about time and he says hey this looks realistic it is realistic this is what we should do in animation we should make sound realistic an animation until that time there had been sound in animation but most of it wasn't synchronized and even if people were opening their mouths their characters were opening their mouths and they were dogs barking the sounds weren't synchronized so if you go to any of these.

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When you see the slides later you can go to all of these videos and watch so they worked on a Steamboat Willie it was released in November 1928 and it was billed as the 1st and only synchronized sound animated comedy Now that's not quite true because other nations were synchronized they were simply not synchronized to be realistic.

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And to create character of the way Disney did so how did Walt manage to synchronize when nobody else could but what he did is he had his orchestra and what he did is he marked on the film where he wanted the conductor to play the music. The 1st time that happened.

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The conductor didn't pay attention so the sound was in synchronized so they had to do it all over again and that point he was pretty broke so this really made him poor but he wanted to he wanted to make sure that it was perfect so what he did is he not only put.

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The little black dots little marks on the audio film but he put it on the. Visual on the. On the film for the pictures but also on the audio film and so the conductor could not only see the dots but he could actually hear them and that spurred him to create a tempo that worked for the film very successful and the sound started to create a reality started to actually sound like objects were making noises people were actually talking appropriately and the background noise is here in.

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So making Steamboat Willie. Making Steamboat Willie added one additional actual Butte remember I told you this is something that became very important to him because until now he actually sometimes skimped on making them you know the. Shorts that he was making perfect if it didn't work it didn't work and he just went along what they found out here is he found that if you put the quality in if you put the time in if you put the money in that he could sell a better product and so another one of his attributes was will be done with quality that's what he said from then on the company was always broke at times because he spent too much money making things perfect so why feature films why did he move on to feature films when he was being very successful with shorts Well one of the reasons was this because he had a vision for animation that other people did not he believed that you could actually make animations that were like real life movies that they would have characters would have the same engaging qualities as people did in movies and not only that but.

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It could be artistic they could be. Fuller than they were at the time better than they were at the time but you couldn't really do this with a 7 minute film you really couldn't get all of that to a 7 minute film so he started thinking about features and he wanted to create animations that were on par with the live action films of the day and were given the same respect everyone laughed at him pipe dream silly man why do you think you can do this he was taught about a lot knows life so what he did 1st was he tried to find a good story and after looking through a variety of different stories he found snow white so this is why it's a good story it has emotional and psychological depth credibility unrealism it has a realist they wanted a realistic out Imation of a human figure realistic color palette and they wanted to add a visual depth that created emotional depth so great story lovable heroine great hero terrible villain pretty nasty looking.

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Well developed characters with personality they worked very hard on creating all of these characters giving them all their own individual personalities making them believable so the one of the things that happened afterwards is that everyone had a favorite character because they could actually relate to them and they did relate to them and they were drawn beautifully.

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They worked long and hard to create new ways of getting depth of getting lighting of getting color realism. So I know that I have a couple of little bits on here about the films that. That he created that he actually made in order to get that to happen.

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If you're looking. To find how we got to that technology there are films such as flowers and trees which won an academy a war on color babes in the woods which is very much about lighting 3 orphaned kittens which is about perspective the 3 Little Pigs about how songs can actually create characters and move the story forward perception which is about how to make people look like people when they 1st did perception of the people in their look like rubber dolls took them a long time to perfect these things and the old mill which is a another Academy Award when near in which they covered lighting and how sound and lighting work together they tried to figure out how rain looked when it fell how lightning looked when it.

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When it flashed all of these things so these were made over a 7 year period 6 year period that led up to snow white they didn't actually work on Snow White while they did all through that time but they worked on these individual bits and pieces in order to create that.

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And it was a huge success people had to sort of back off and say Ok well I guess you did Ok And he was vindicated they had both his vision and his persistence and the company after all that money that had lost making all those things made a tremendous amount of money and established the company as a successful company Now since then.

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They've made. Dozens and dozens and dozens of feature films these are only their features this is not even the features that they're barely associated with or their shorts so we have all of these features the last of which hear things like cars when you're the who the what if we go.

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Toys story all of these which you are all grew up with so and as I say there's probably over 100 here and that is just one small part of what the company has done in terms of storytelling over the years so what I'm going to do now is I'm going to go and talk about the.

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The films after Snow White and the technology that was created. Once again because they want to show certain things because they wanted to advance how animation. Touched people as story so the 1st we'll talk about Pinocchio Fantasia Dumbo and Bambi very briefly Pinocchio was the 1st feature film that was released after snow white Now all of these had been worked on for quite a number of years except for Dumbo So some of these had been in the works since the early 1930 s. on and off on and off on and off Pinocchio.

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Walt wanting really. A lot of artistic expression he wanted to develop a fairy. That was a theory will. Supernatural and a feeling give the film a feeling of that Supernatural of that slightly fantastical there were a lot of technological advances that were created because they were experimenting again it was supposed to come out Christmas 39 but production took a lot longer like it did with most things so one of the things that they did is the animated the characters with more even more character they they didn't snow white one of the problems was trying to create a wooden puppet or trying to make a wooden puppet into a lovable human being that was very complex for them just being able to do that and the special effects people the effects and very animators to create everything that moves worked on the vehicles worked on the machinery looked at the natural effects and and so continuously improved on what they had shown to date now it was the 1st animated feature to actually win a competitive Academy Award Snow White had gotten the award for being a special fantastic animation but it happened $11.00 of the awards that existed so this was one of the competitive awards against other film it's it won Best Music best best score our best song and it was actually considered one of the greatest animated films ever made but it was not popular it lost a lot of money why because the story was very very complex he learnt a lot about what people like in the way of story they don't like convoluted stories they don't want to sift through convoluted stories they can't figure them out so the film did not do well it didn't do well for another reason as well.

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That the war was just starting and a lot of their overseas audience was disappearing that made it difficult for them to sell overseas and that was a huge part of their market today we still have these characters in popular culture that are that popular right now that so we have these are some of the original character sketches and you can see how difficult it would have been to make a wooden puppet actually feel like a human boy so they actually worked backwards they took a human boy and made him into a puppet in their drawings and that's how it changed now Fantasia which came along.

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Which has been redone recently was also though it was critically acclaimed it was a complete flop in the way of making money and lost the company a lot of money it was not a real it wasn't a real animated film at the time Disney again was trying to be artistic they put together 8 separate segments based in music and they developed it with a very famous and contemporary well loved conductor at the time Leopold the Kosky who everybody knew so the major innovation here was the serial phonics sound that they created because it was the sort of like a silly sim for the blown up right because whether because it's all about music much less about the story and so here once again what they find out he found out that your general public public who goes to see movies and goes to see enemies wants to see you good story.

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And you can watch making of the film so the issues there were also a number of issues about this that make did make it into popular the serial phonic soundman that every theater had to do something about having new equipment so it could only be played at certain theaters around the country and so on then it was taken to smaller theaters a lot of it had to be cut out and it didn't have the same impact at all so grandiose ideas don't always translate to grandiose artistic ideas don't always translate to your every day average you know town of 5000 where there's a little theater and people want to go and see a movie.

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They did of course when a lot of music awards for this. Now in this he also continued his development of how to create an illusion of life and that music the music helped a lot with that we're just going to go on to Dumbo which when he was broke and Ok the other movies weren't making any money he thought we got to do something fast he found this little story the story was really heartwarming and he thought Ok we'll do this took only 4 months instead of like 6 years write the.

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So soon attempt to be simple and make profits the character designs are much simpler there's no more were near as complex as they are in Pinocchio the background paintings are much less detailed and they use watercolor techniques like they used in Snow White other Disney features often used oil painting and wash which is much more complex and time consuming one of the things that he did that he started doing here and that he used in many many other films about animals is that he actually brought animals into the studio for the individual for his illustrators for his animators to draw because once again he found that like drawing people drawing animals this hard so and the animals look kind of not really very realistic or not very.

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Appealing so he would bring animals right to the studio and they would draw and they would draw and they would draw till they got it right. It's also the shortest it's only 64 minutes long and a lot of theaters actually objected and said we don't want to see this because we don't want to book this because this is too short you convince them because he still had a lot of clout.

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And it has been regarded as a classic of animation since then why because the story touched people's hearts because the story once again trumped the technology simplify the technology they made the story really appealing thing they got a good story Bambi was also one of those films that took forever cost a fortune and was very controversial at the time it called making a bevy of princes born and it's based on stories like pretty much everything they do is it's an it was actually a novel intended for adults not for children and what with Disney being a family entertainment company this produced a bunch of problems including how do you represent how you represent the hunter and here again and the major study of animals deer in particular they spoke down Amalek sports went to those do watch nature films.

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And they drew 2 deer donated to the studio so there were 2 deer at the studio all the time that they would draw they also had rabbits and bunny rabbits and squirrels and a variety of other animals that they grew so the special attention to detail meant that they could not work as much as do as many scenes on a daily basis as they had in the past became very expensive but this is what Disney said.

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True this is going to go into the next life we took some of our top artists who worked in oils for their own enjoyment in their leisure time they talked a technique to the watercolor men there's a vast difference in the 2 techniques I was sent on oil painting because of its quality Who cares about the cost I figured oils would give a sheen to the forests accentuate the depth it worked too but perfecting a technique takes time and he explained I wouldn't hurry I wanted it right I wanted those animals characters in Bambi to be actors not just cute things I wanted acting on the plane with the highest acting in the fine.

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Live action. So at the end of that period the only movie that had made money was the mo and they weren't doing all that great because of the situation with their overseas sales and they had to work on a number of different types of animations one of the things that they.

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Explored was the combination of live action and animation that they had done in Alice's comedies now they had created 57 Alice's Adventures in Wonderland between 19231927 made a pile of money on them some of them are really really great others not so good so what they did is they created a couple of I'm only going to go through these very quickly because there's a few films that I want to go over more sun but I just want to make you aware of it created the reluctant dragon in 1941 this is a story in which there is.

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A Live character who then goes through the studio and looks to see what all of the artists are doing and then there's a short film called The Reluctant dragon which one of the artists working on it created the 3 kept a year old and $45.00 portrait stories. Disney had gone down to South America at the behest of the u.s. government relations and had come back and and created some stories I think 2 or 3 of them.

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Besides the 3 Caballeros which were a live action and animation they also created song of the south which is based on Joel Chandler's Uncle Remus stories very well known song came out of the called City doo da and it won the Academy Award for Best Song so dear to my heart came out very heartwarming story once again about a little lamb on a farm.

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That also was very well accepted. But once again because they didn't have an overseas audience at the time they weren't making as much money as they could now we're just going to skip over to Mary Poppins because Mary Poppins is $1.00 of the films that is iconic in the in the Disney.

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Iconography now in the Disney World and the Disney canon of films it's one of the best known live action animation films there's been a sequel to it. With Emily Blunt I think which I don't know whether it will ever be a successful simply because when you've got a fall of something like this it's hard for it to it also came from a book and I think.

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The animated or the live action film on Mr Banks Saving Mr Banks I think that's what is it Saving Mr Banks you know the one with Tom Hanks who plays Walt Disney it's a pretty accurate depiction of the fact that my p.l. Travers did not want to sell this to him because she thought he would just we just make it into dancing prancing animations and that's not the way she saw Mary Poppins but it worked out fine.

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So it won a number of awards including one for visual effects and the reason why it won for visual effects is this is why and this is actually quite important because it changed the way films were being made before this and the live action animation was done with blue screen as a lot of it is today to at that point the blue screen.

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Showed a lot of shadows a lot of edging which it doesn't get today because because it's c.g.i. And so he hired Walt wanted this fixed he hired the engineer inventor Petro black holes to work on the special effects of merging animation and live action and what they did is they and there were a number of other reasons you wanted to get rid of the blue screen because it actually cast the blue shadow on things made things slightly bluer than they could be fixed of course with lighting but costly to do that so what he did in Swat was a lemonade of the blue screen and he introduced yellow from sodium gas and one of the interesting things about that is it has a very very narrow spectrum so that he could actually track exactly what the lighting was like in any particular situation very very narrowly so by shrinking the range of wavelengths he could improve accuracy in isolating a subject.

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What this is this is soft a huge number of problems things didn't have to be lit so perfectly with the blue you had to light things exactly the way you needed to in order to get the colors that you wanted and in order not to get the shadows that you need you know that you wanted because you could get challenges which you didn't want so things didn't have to be lived perfectly anymore and there were no limitations to the colors that you could use so what we have here is Dick Van Dyke wearing blue bow tie and socks you know and a jacket which has written yellow stripes a boy blazer with yellow and red stripes and it didn't really make any difference it wasn't affected by the color around them and he could easily and the true colors came through.

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The other thing was that the method was completely within the camera before that people actually had to use that to paint on the film in order to get effects right so a lot of this was now in the camera. He created a unique prism which he couldn't replicate which became a problem people had to borrow it but simplified the process by creating a more accurate matte very close to the silhouette and.

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Also being able to isolate really really really following things as in the veil in her hat also the butterflies that you see here as they pass over the veil so things like this were very difficult to match out before and with this new process you could do that this gave everything a much more realistic his illusion of life realistic view for everybody perspective you can go see the trailers.

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There was also a bed knobs and Broomsticks doing time. And broomsticks was created dragon which has been believe it's come out again in the last 10 years of different different version of it and the next really important movie is Who Framed Roger Rabbit knew you have seen Who Framed Roger Rabbit if you haven't you really have to see it this is a cult and it is Who Framed Roger Rabbit is.

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Important because of the realistic portrayal of the interaction between characters so you see the bunny rabbit hugging. The detective you wouldn't see this in animation live action before you see the way you've completely wrapped around him things like that one shown. And so it's important because it allowed.

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People to see that you could actually do a lot with animation that made it look like it was actually part of the real life situation most of the even with even with Mary Poppins there was still this feeling that you have this is cute this is an animated scene and but this isn't part of real life.

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What made Mary Poppins real more like real life is the animatronics that were used in it that I actually showed at the beginning in the 1st slide where. They were mechanical There was a mechanical bird that she had on her finger and that she. And that's saying to her Now this was a real bird it wasn't an animated bird so these live action animatronics which is you know form of robotics compensated for the fact that the animations didn't look quite real in Who Framed Roger Rabbit did.

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When you watch this film it's like the 2 Space Jam Space Jam is the same way if you watch space shampoo so watch these 2 films they are great because what they do is they make you believe that the 2 world. And the real life world really interact with each other Ok We're going to go on to computer graphics now because until this point all of these all of these movies have been hand drawn and the technology there's technology in it but it's not computer graphics so we're going to go on now and we're going to look at computer graphics because that's what most of you are involved in and we're going to look at caps a system that was developed and used for 20 years worth a while things are briefly this is actually not a feature film it's just a short but it introduces things look or I sneak that in it's not a Disney film but it's a very important very important piece in the Disney Tron and the Black Cauldron which most people don't even know about anymore so let's just look at Capps this is the computer animation production system.

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This is the way this is the way traditional animation is done. So traditional animation. Someone draws the picture they take a cell on one side of the cell the front they draw the black lines for all of the picture they turn it over and they hand paint every single color on that and in some cases they'll do colors on different cells so every time something moves you have to have another cell now doing the cells in and and putting them one behind the other is less time consuming and certainly takes up less paper then doing every piece on a piece of paper every image on a piece of paper but it's still extraordinarily time consuming and there is something like 2 or it's 250000 cells for Snow White That's a lot that all have to be hand colored on one side right Ok so what did.

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Caps do well let me just back up a little bit and tell you a little bit about capsule caps was created at the New York Institute of Technology in the computer graphics lab bunch of people who work for Pixar later started off here they developed a skin and paint system for cell animation a number of scientists.

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Went to look as film to work in the early 1980 s.. And they partnered with Disney to create a paint program that became called caps and the reason for that was because Disney was looking for a system which would make it easier for them and less expensive for them to create their traditional animations Ok so the group that left.

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The Institute of Technology a number of those eventually left Lucasfilm Lucas film was going through some financial troubles they were going to sell this entire section so they decided to leave the film they purchased the technology and they established Pixar at that point the people at Pixar were already working with Disney to develop a cap system.

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They continued working on it and this is what it does so it used digital technology computer technology to color. In closed areas and the lines now I'm going to go back to this for a minute because this is the way we think of this is the way when you know when you sort of Google things and it looks at you look at you see caps this is what you see this is not what capsules like Pixar in its early days looked like this right we didn't have fancy computers and beautiful big screens and in wonderful technology like that it was all done on really small things and it was very primitive in comparison.

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I think it's really cool because you know you think that it's all so sophisticated well sophistication is as it does right Ok so what did caps to you. Today All right so we use use digital technology to color in a closed areas in lines black and white drawings were scanned into the computer so that the computer now had those in its memory and the completed digital cells work opposite it over skin images so what they did is they drew things they put them all together and then eventually what you had is you have a final cell and that cell was kept in memory so the 1st use of this was for a title I thought I had a slide about but I don't it's just Mickey introducing Epcot and he's colored right and so that was the 1st one the 1st feature film test was in 1909 with The Little Mermaid and this is a simple single shot at the end we're not talking about a lot here a single shot of the rainbow sequence at the end the 1st 100 percent caps film was Rescuers Down Under in 1990 and have you seen rescues down under.

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Your. Ok so what did caps do it provided a new palette. You could do shading which is very hard to do on the back of a cell the kind of shading that you used to be able to do with characters is the kind that was lined you could do different colors next to each other.

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The kind of shading that you could do here is a traditional shading that you know you know just sort of streams from one color to the other. Not available before camera could do exactly the same thing it did in real life you could pan and you could do all kinds of camera techniques much more so the multi-plane camera which is a camera that shoots through over a number of different plates a number of different cells.

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Is Limited has was limited so a lot of the way they got depth in traditional animation but the size of the artwork was limited and you all had to be exactly the same. With this technology doing it on a computer you could put in any size artwork you wanted to and it made that kind of depth building really easy the other thing was is that the final version of the film was composition and recorded on film immediately like you didn't have to even have to go click click move the frame click click much faster and the other thing that was very important is that you could integrate all kinds of elements that.

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Digital technologies could offer things as digital technology improved you could add new things all the time. So. All the animated subsequent features everything after 1900 was made with caps all of it. Disney would not let anyone talk about the system because they were really really really concerned vax people would be upset that there weren't a bunch of animators in the back drawing all of these things and coloring them all so no one knew about this and actually there are still people who go I mean they are intent colored You know all those films are not colored So all of these films that people watch to.

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They're all 300 of them drawing and painting this now all done by technology now. What happened though is in 2004 c.g.i. was moving along so fast and the nation was not doing so well and the. Katzenberg who happened to be head of animation at Disney decided we don't need this system anymore and threw it out so.

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The duty Department distant was close to terrible Ok I could move on to computer graphics This is John Lasseter John Masters the head of Disney animation now and Glen King who created this in the early 1980 s. and it is not a feature film but a shortage and last year had been involved in creating technology at Disney didn't like what he was doing because they weren't into tech much into technology at the time so they hired him and he went on to work for Pixar and then when they bought Pixar they also bought John Lasseter right.

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So one of the things that he says about this and you'll have to go to this to watch it how many of you know Where the Wild Things Are everybody knows where the Wild Things Are you guys know that Ok so he created this little little short. And very good comment that he makes in 5 years these tests will seem so primitive they all look like Steamboat Willie does today and that's true as we move along in technology we look at how can that be so primitive.

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And you can watch there Ok so we're going to go on to look which was a was really shortly before Tron about the same time did similar things but this is fascinating because it used scanning of someone's body right so the idea is that there's all these beauty queens who are being scanned and their entire body is being digitized and it's done in a traditional method at the time probably got probably gone will probably go all modeling by digitizing human body in order to render different types of techniques the company is called information International Inc and it created a number of films so here's a picture of them.

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Using. Actress Susan De further reference lines so they're using her and this is the way they did so this is pretty early in in terms of entertainment things like this are being done possibly in medical fields another field in entertainment this was pretty early create a supervisor at the time I found this actually on the 2014 You Tube who is richer just saw it and so I think I'll answer this design joy designing the sequence the c.g. elements of her being formed were difficult to do with the time but the team of information international incorporated did a terrific job you have no idea how crude the hardware and software were in those days compared to today's super laser intensive.

[00:42:04]
Right so the no go back to does the Ella talk about Tron briefly. Trying to set the landscape which itself hold out for c.g. right and so they did it this is the 1st motion picture to make extensive use of c.g.i.. Imagery but even then it was only 15 minutes right that's all 15 minutes there is over 200 scenes that were used to generate backgrounds most of the time traditional painting was used so when you look at stuff like this all of this was hand painted on films this is not c.g.i. this is.

[00:42:43]
Someone sits there and paints every little frame think. So computer and computers are only able to generate static images at this point so they didn't do in the missions the camera coordinates for instance of the life cycle sequence which is remember the light cycle sequence if you watch this movie and I expect everyone to have seen it you know it's a really important movie and see you are.

[00:43:08]
Approximately 600 coordinates were necessary to obtain 4 seconds of the movie. And you see this guy up there who's writing in the. All of his the coloring on his helmet nose clothing is hand colored The only thing that they did is the is the grid and the graphics around the grid.

[00:43:31]
So this was also much the same way with Mary Poppins where you have how do you make live action and animation work together to make it look like it's real that they achieved to a great extent in Who Framed Roger Rabbit here we have the same thing the greatest difficulty is marrying computer moments and live action photography how do you put it together to make it look like you didn't just I made this film I made film this film let's throw it together that was the hardest part doing the individual things isn't so tough it's how do you put it together to make it look like it's you know seamless.

[00:44:06]
And that's what he talks about the next movie is The Black Cauldron now the Black Cauldron came out in 1905 and the did quite a lot of work on this the what they animated in it was the bubbles I don't have the escape boat here this floating orb of light the cauldron itself and at the end of the movie there's these real nice realistic flames anyone seen the black culture.

[00:44:33]
A few of you have. So let me tell you about the Black Cauldron of Black Cauldron cost $44000000.00 most expensive. Made it earned half that amount of money they almost went broke. How often did Disney almost. Do commercial failure to sneak did not release the film on home video there was a real serious problem with it when it was originally made it was extraordinarily violent it was the 1st movie they got a p.g. parental guidance parental guidance rating.

[00:45:03]
They always do a pretext right they put it in the movie theater people come in to watch the movie people bring their kids the movie was so terrifying that the kids ran out screaming out of the theater seriously so what they did is they brought it back to the production and they cut out a good 3rd of it.

[00:45:21]
And then it was released again but not to great success so story once again story make the story something that the family can enjoy right Ok laughter good old Jon last year he created in 1908 the tin toy and this is a short not a feature but it's a very important short because it's the 1st computer animated short completely anime completely done on.

[00:45:46]
Computer. His love of toy is just like Toy Story later it won the Academy Award for Best Animated Film 1st computer generated film to do so and it gained Disney's attention and that's one of the things that attracted them to Pixar one of the things that allowed them to go on and work with them by a part of them eventually they bought all of Pixar but not at this time at this time however Ok so they were using some of the computer technologies this is the 1st Disney movie in which hand drawn characters appear in a 3 d. background so they drew them by hand and they put them in a computer background every frame of the film was scanned.

[00:46:26]
With and created with caps remember they're using caps all the time now and the computer helped to create a fantasy world that kind of emulated what had been going on in traditional animation so what we have is we have a good old bell here in a similar To Snow White's they were generated by caps.

[00:46:48]
And the most famous sequence so that's one thing that they did Capps did all of that work the most famous sequence is the ballroom sequence in where beast and Bell are waltzing. What they did is they created an environment. Which they hadn't been able to do before perspective is very difficult to do in the 3 lost kittens the 3 abandoned kittens or can't remember what it was back in 1033 they try to figure out how to handle perspective and being able to go through perspective so if you have a floor for instance which has all kinds of lines and anytime you move across it everything shifts everything so back in 1933 they figured they could do it but it would take them 3 years just to animate a 7 minute you know short which just doesn't work so what they did here is they used perspective.

[00:47:45]
Extraordinarily well so they built the ball room. In the computer and they were able to create wonderfully. Inspiring visuals by taking you through that ballroom and everything moved to the floor and you saw the lines going the so in that way all the windows changed and then most spectacular scene is when you go through through the chandelier and down into the space not things that you could have ever done by hand well yeah if you spent 10 years in a few $1000000000.00 but not nothing that you could do on the scale that c.g.i. could do it and it was spectacular.

[00:48:27]
People still love the film and I don't think the real life film has anything on this. In comparison there's something about the animations so that we very quickly we had Jurassic Park freewill The Lion King which was a very important one but I haven't got time to talk about that the mask Casper and Toy Story twice story is the next one that I need to talk about because it's the 1st completely computer generated full length feature film and I know it's been talked about absolutely forever and you can read a 1000000 articles on it but I have to mention it right so this was produced by Pixar and released by Disney right.

[00:49:01]
And at that point Pixar was owned by Steve Jobs. Who put a bunch of money in it in order to keep it going and it was released by Disney and because Disney wanted to be involved Disney was involved to a certain extent and after the purchase more of Pixar they work together more and more regularly.

[00:49:22]
The importance of story here Pixar did a lot of generating new technology and one of the few people in the company who really believed in the story was John Lasseter it was very important that this company not get mired down into the technology as Disney had done with Pinocchio and as they had done with other films along the way right it was very important that the story be maintained.

[00:49:51]
And Andy Stern said it's not a widget we're making we're not just making another piece of equipment we're not just making something that we're going to sell to people in the hardware store we're making. A life story we're making something people can relate to as human beings so let's get it right.

[00:50:09]
And that's what they did they took that to heart they create a really warm story every one of those characters is either loveable or hateable and John Lasseter not only helped create a wonderful story but he also created because he was brilliant technologist. Brilliant computer scientist created modeling that made the characters more lifelike and believable than any other movie before that that's one of the things that they worked on very hard it received an Academy special achievement award for the development of he received it he personally received it for the development and inspired application of technique so that made possible the 1st feature length computer animated film more than that a film that had a human qualities that made characters really believable and almost real in the way that they looked.

[00:51:00]
I have a few more minutes I'm going to talk about Big Hero 6 which is also tremendously important in the progression of technology and how technology is used by them and story this is a wonderful story so this is released in 2014 in a couple of different formats there's some teaser trailer when you go and see it and when you want to see it what they did is you once again was looking for ways to move forward in technology this is a film they made without Pixar most of the films that have been made that were making an animation at this time were made with Pixar or Pixar made for them or other people who were involved in the animation industry were made them for them and made films for them but Hyperion was something of the Disney people themselves decided to develop so what they did what they wanted to do with this is they wanted to create a.

[00:51:51]
Realistic lighting. And I'll just show you this briefly the way lighting generally works in animation is it's one source so you get a number of different problems with those you don't get the same kind of realistic lighting as when we're here we're like bounces all over the place right down to us from one source so what what Hyperion does is Hyperion looks at the lighting and it bounces from 20 different points it is they didn't know what they were doing when they made this film they sort of develop the technology along the way it's sort of.

[00:52:25]
Put Here it's the analogue to building a car while you're driving it because remember this is costly and not only is it costly but it's very computer intensive it requires a lot of power so they require the use of a 55000 or computer spread across 4 geographic locations to power of this.

[00:52:44]
And what it does is it handles a complex light calculations that's for every single scene you see everything everything in that room everything in this room if they were filming it everything in this room every person every object has to have 20 light sources right that's what we see when we look out of our eyes.

[00:53:04]
That's not what animators were able to do and that's not what computer technology was able to do before this. So instead of 1000 direct lighting uses 10 to 20 pounds you can this is a really actually really nice. A video about it it says the movie is so complex that humans couldn't actually handle the complexity I couldn't say this any better so I'm just quoting We have to come up with automated systems Hendrickson to manage that cluster and the 400000 plus computation processes 400000 plus competition processes every day roughly about 1200000 computational hours he created a software called coda.

[00:53:42]
Stuff alert stature is for your i Phone though something is done so you'll have to stay up all night watching to see if something's done they put the enormity of this computational effort into perspective Hendrix success that Hyperion could render tangled you know the movie Tangled and it was it's just pretend any any movie any of their movies it could render that it could all of those it could render it from scratch every 10 days.

[00:54:09]
That's how powerful the system that they created was for this otherwise they couldn't have done it just think about what it requires that every single object in that space has to appear to have reflected light. And it looks very realistic it's beautiful and the character is a nice warm character you should watch it.

[00:54:33]
Ok the last thing I'm going to talk about and I have a few minutes not very many. Is. Our experience. Once again Disney moves off into other many many roads and I've only talked a short bit about film and I've been talking about v.r. in the experiences of the does it Disney World or our Walt Disney Walt Disney World or in Disneyland I'm not even talking about other things that it's involved in just about this so.

[00:55:06]
They like you know it's brand new saying they want to get into it and they want to see whether it can actually tell a story well so what they do is they give this task to this young man who has never filmed anything before or even new producer he was lighting producer for them and one of the things he had though was a really warm story.

[00:55:25]
Of the story so inspired by his childhood and his spending childhood grandparents home before they had to move to assisted living and that's to a certain extent what the story is about the story is about this couple who live in this house and it's the story of the house as the couple of lived in it over 50 years and how they have to leave it which is really kind sad.

[00:55:48]
So in the view our experience and you can see he's got he's wearing it out he's got his Oculus there that's what is you have to wear you have to wear a helmet in order to in order to watch this. You're free to look around in this environment throughout the entire experience but there are limitations because of what the designers have decided that they want you to do because they want you to focus on the story and not just keep looking around that's cool that's cool they want to focus you on the story so they've done certain things the majority of the experience requires users pay attention to specific locations in order to follow the plot and what happens is if you're not looking in that direction other things get all you know things get they start getting fuzzy so they help users gaze twice the action cycles automatically fades to gray whenever you break general I contact with a focus point right and intuitive way of redirecting attention without taking you out of the experience and these are just a couple of the scenes in the characters are.

[00:56:53]
Beautifully animated. The scenery is all really graphic but it has a warm feeling to it it's been like in 1950 s. bungalow that gets. Shown So if you have the opportunity to see this because a whole lot of you probably have Oculus. At home or at least at the school so you can watch it here do so now I'm going to talk very briefly about.

[00:57:22]
Star Wars but I'm only going to talk about Star Wars in what they've done with it in animatronics when they purchased because Disney has purchased a whole lot of different story properties and Star Wars is one of them one of the things that's done with the story is that it has.

[00:57:39]
Extended it but more importantly it has taken it into the. Business and World of Disney environment animatronics has always been very important they created birds in the sixty's presidents of the sixty's one minute and this is what it is. Today what they've done is they've taken it and they've created 1000 and a Galaxy said and they're putting it into Walt Disney World you will be able to see Hondo in real life talking to you as he he were there and it's very realistic so you need to look that up and you need to see what they've done in technology in order to bring it to life for you to bring the story to life for you so you don't have much time for questions but I'm here so if you want to ask questions after our time you're welcome to ask this will be posted.