[00:00:04.21]
focus on the socialist culture or
socio-cultural political aspects of
[00:00:08.22]

[00:00:08.22]
design and the spatial manifestations of
collective activism and her work has
[00:00:13.22]

[00:00:13.22]
been shown in several major festivals
and museums including the International
[00:00:18.18]

[00:00:18.18]
architectural biennium Rotterdam the BSB
in LA which is a very big deal and those
[00:00:24.02]

[00:00:24.02]
of you voting about the analyses and the
Museum of Modern Art's MoMA in New York
[00:00:28.23]

[00:00:28.23]
she's also an activist she co-founded
were formed by activism and design which
[00:00:33.16]

[00:00:33.16]
focuses on research and creative
production around the themes of social
[00:00:37.15]

[00:00:37.15]
issues in the built environment
[00:00:41.04]

[00:01:11.14]
about the main
of what I learned
[00:01:18.23]

[00:01:19.07]
so the very first sentence
the fusion that separated enemy of
[00:01:26.04]

[00:01:26.04]
humanity is not worth it illusion which
at the time are are pretty great and
[00:01:36.00]

[00:01:36.00]
often times efforts and they're a kind
of efforts to try and create peace
[00:01:45.03]

[00:01:45.03]
especially in the Middle East and how
that oftentimes leads to more why
[00:01:52.15]

[00:01:52.15]
so investors sort of the relatives ation
of space that baby life memory and their
[00:02:01.22]

[00:02:01.22]
creation and how it shapes the plane of
our world threatenin societies for this
[00:02:08.12]

[00:02:08.12]
no but spending organization of war and
the spread of cultures
[00:02:15.04]

[00:02:15.07]
I'm having the Borman and landscapes of
underneath that the most militarized
[00:02:20.11]

[00:02:20.11]
spatial manifestation of creating new
liberal militants government cavity that
[00:02:26.13]

[00:02:26.13]
I cult mentality mentality basically
practice of military as a presidential
[00:02:40.05]

[00:02:40.17]
so the road without trees in the middle
east but one thing that had captured my
[00:02:54.01]

[00:02:54.01]
attention
[00:02:59.06]

[00:03:15.01]
to
[00:03:19.14]

[00:03:58.03]
to do but he kind of modeled after the
victory
[00:04:07.04]

[00:04:08.13]
in countries butting out I'll come with
something that's very much
[00:04:16.03]

[00:04:18.05]
that but he did definitely get credit
for that now what's interesting is Makia
[00:04:25.17]

[00:04:25.17]
who wrote about the volume identity an
entire book about the monument sort of
[00:04:33.08]

[00:04:33.08]
throughout the country
example kind of set the stage and
[00:04:40.13]

[00:04:40.13]
uncovered and kind of brought to the
mainstream kind of brutalities of sat
[00:04:45.21]

[00:04:45.21]
down distribution then what happened was
that she he kind of in his activism and
[00:04:53.00]

[00:04:53.00]
also care for this country involved with
the White House Office so in my work I
[00:05:13.04]

[00:05:13.04]
look at different actors that are
involved in creating Wars of course they
[00:05:21.12]

[00:05:21.12]
are willing to look to for peace and he
wanted peace for this country we've
[00:05:25.20]

[00:05:25.20]
dealt with the Bellas bringing so much
viable to larger but the end result of
[00:05:31.09]

[00:05:31.09]
what came from the world
we now know all of the kind of violence
[00:05:37.00]

[00:05:37.00]
that was caused brought comments he
member mchao himself saying that what
[00:05:44.20]

[00:05:44.20]
has come down and the number of people
died due to the war are much greater
[00:05:51.03]

[00:05:51.03]
than what
so I called for kind of an understanding
[00:05:57.08]

[00:05:57.08]
of what is the cultural centric of
warfare and in it I actually explained a
[00:06:04.16]

[00:06:04.16]
particular type of word as a memory
century war and so I focused on looking
[00:06:10.10]

[00:06:10.10]
at memorials to understand what memory
centric warfare is and how he had
[00:06:16.16]

[00:06:16.16]
scholars actually played a role and very
big role in that for we are the soldiers
[00:06:24.05]

[00:06:24.05]
so understanding our law was very
important in the kind of activity that
[00:06:29.21]

[00:06:29.21]
we do as scholars so for them for the
Iraq war specifically there was a very
[00:06:40.10]

[00:06:40.10]
kind of comprehensive cultural warfare
that was
[00:06:45.09]

[00:06:45.09]
by lieutenant the leaders of the
military and so I will cut some of the
[00:06:54.20]

[00:06:54.20]
things here so a knowledge of cultural
training can be as important as and
[00:07:00.23]

[00:07:00.23]
sometimes even more important than
knowledge of the geographic trends this
[00:07:05.20]

[00:07:05.20]
observation acknowledges that people are
in many respects that the decisive train
[00:07:13.01]

[00:07:13.01]
and that we must study that train in the
same way that we have always studied the
[00:07:19.19]

[00:07:19.19]
geographic strength
this is lieutenant David Beatrice the US
[00:07:24.02]

[00:07:24.02]
Army conversion local resistance
reinforced the importance of cultural
[00:07:31.06]

[00:07:31.06]
knowledge for the occupying forces that
thought to generate hegemonic
[00:07:35.23]

[00:07:35.23]
appreciation for their presence in July
2014 retired
[00:07:41.06]

[00:07:41.06]
major general Roberts tells our view
that the conflict in the world requires
[00:07:46.14]

[00:07:46.14]
an exceptional ability to understand
people their culture and their
[00:07:51.14]

[00:07:51.14]
motivations realizing the advantages the
Pentagon's your strategy began taking a
[00:07:58.07]

[00:07:58.07]
cultural turn by carving out an attack
people in charge stark contrast to that
[00:08:04.06]

[00:08:04.06]
of the Secretary of Defense Donald
Rumsfeld heavy-handed approach which
[00:08:10.17]

[00:08:10.17]
emphasized the aggressive military
tactics the post Rockville Pentagon has
[00:08:15.18]

[00:08:15.18]
advocated in providing cultural
knowledge and infographics intelligence
[00:08:21.22]

[00:08:21.22]
this cultural turn within DoD
[00:08:26.16]

[00:08:27.20]
highlights efforts to understand
adversary' societies and to recruit
[00:08:34.04]

[00:08:34.04]
practitioners of culture notably
anthropologists to help in the war
[00:08:39.18]

[00:08:39.18]
effort in both Iraq and Afghanistan and
so a lot of incentives were given to
[00:08:45.19]

[00:08:45.19]
people in humanities such as
anthropologists sociologists linguist to
[00:08:53.16]

[00:08:53.16]
join paychecks up to up to $250,000 a
year and
[00:09:02.17]

[00:09:03.04]
hard to make for us it's not even close
and I felt there is pretty good
[00:09:09.07]

[00:09:09.07]
incentive to join that and also because
the way to introduce is within that
[00:09:14.23]

[00:09:14.23]
framing and so Mackay who advocated for
for the war and actually gave speeches
[00:09:30.06]

[00:09:30.06]
it's worthless being used to get their
work point now continue to support the
[00:09:35.21]

[00:09:35.21]
work and I focus on this is Cultural
Center forever focused on memories and
[00:09:40.22]

[00:09:40.22]
trade war because memory was used and
the US presence in Iraq destroyed a lot
[00:09:52.04]

[00:09:52.04]
of things you know the whole our place
of Quran which was really really
[00:09:57.07]

[00:09:57.07]
important sort of the important archive
that would help all these historic
[00:10:06.20]

[00:10:06.20]
documents would completely break down as
well as many other important archives
[00:10:12.18]

[00:10:12.18]
and news
[00:10:15.04]

[00:10:16.15]
so a lot got destroyed culturally in
what we call the cradle of civilization
[00:10:23.07]

[00:10:23.07]
yet there were certain things that were
preserved and the US military made sure
[00:10:29.18]

[00:10:29.18]
to preserve them and victory art was one
of them
[00:10:32.19]

[00:10:32.19]
strangely so victory art was played
right in the middle of the Green Zone
[00:10:38.17]

[00:10:38.17]
the Green Zone was where the US Army
Headquarters was set up forces chose
[00:10:45.15]

[00:10:45.15]
that area and their art was really used
you know in a way to justify them being
[00:10:54.18]

[00:10:54.18]
there it showed for the bulker of the
set down machine name how they were
[00:11:00.04]

[00:11:00.04]
there to help but the the way you must
interact with forces interacted with
[00:11:07.03]

[00:11:07.03]
comments from Iranian soldiers who died
during the war so it got pretty
[00:11:13.06]

[00:11:13.06]
complicated and the u.s. now kind of
took over and played the oppressive role
[00:11:20.23]

[00:11:20.23]
of what technology student so it got
pretty confusing at some point and
[00:11:25.08]

[00:11:25.08]
plateful of course
soldiers posing and this became the
[00:11:30.00]

[00:11:30.00]
iconic image of war and so in going
through the blogs and letters from
[00:11:37.20]

[00:11:37.20]
emails from the soldiers in the war who
always finding something with the
[00:11:44.20]

[00:11:44.20]
victory arc so that was the icon and of
course it helped keep the war going so a
[00:11:54.02]

[00:11:54.02]
lot of time the indistinct tactic there
you can see that soldier the army using
[00:12:01.06]

[00:12:01.06]
that at the background it was kind of a
justify air that thing that people held
[00:12:05.12]

[00:12:05.12]
on to so that type of memory was used
but what's really interesting is to
[00:12:10.11]

[00:12:10.11]
understand that the process was very
selective
[00:12:13.03]

[00:12:13.03]
there were monument that were destroyed
and there was no effort to try and
[00:12:17.20]

[00:12:17.20]
preserve them rebuilt them and one of
them was a monument that was kind of
[00:12:24.19]

[00:12:24.19]
done by an artist it was modern sort of
two hands coming together that but that
[00:12:33.19]

[00:12:33.19]
was a symbol of unity between Sunnis
Shias and importance of course that was
[00:12:38.16]

[00:12:38.16]
not
that was preserved and as you can see
[00:12:42.06]

[00:12:42.06]
that vegetarianism that came afterwards
can explain this on the other hand kind
[00:12:48.01]

[00:12:48.01]
of actually that talks it to the Battle
of pronounce it right which is the
[00:12:55.13]

[00:12:55.13]
separation of the Sunnis and Shias so
this causes so much more separation
[00:13:01.13]

[00:13:01.13]
whereas the ones that were destroyed and
they're no efforts were made to to
[00:13:06.09]

[00:13:06.09]
rebuild them more kind of advocating for
a different in rock memory foundation
[00:13:17.17]

[00:13:17.17]
that Kenya built the foundation with us
money in that same location and kind of
[00:13:25.04]

[00:13:25.04]
worked on preserving these types of
memorials were many other ones were
[00:13:30.06]

[00:13:30.06]
completely overlooked and so the outcome
of that as you can see is a life spread
[00:13:35.23]

[00:13:35.23]
sort of Sagittarians are huge the region
and the spread of Isis everywhere and so
[00:13:43.14]

[00:13:43.14]
the violence that we see now and outcome
of this kind of sort of memory century
[00:13:49.10]

[00:13:49.10]
warfare that was fought I mean there's
plenty of
[00:13:53.08]

[00:13:53.08]
examples that there's just the kind of
house to go into but plenty of examples
[00:13:58.18]

[00:13:58.18]
of how that works and how very large
urban sort of design award given to make
[00:14:08.09]

[00:14:08.09]
sure that areas that kind of with that
were kind of renovated a whole new city
[00:14:14.02]

[00:14:14.02]
was built over the areas that kind of
were helping to create that kind of
[00:14:19.10]

[00:14:19.10]
unity and then areas like this were tons
of money or spent to rebuild it what's
[00:14:25.16]

[00:14:25.16]
interesting is that iraqis started with
mantling this monument and the US forces
[00:14:33.05]

[00:14:33.05]
stopped them which is very strange and
then after a while US funded the
[00:14:40.20]

[00:14:40.20]
reconstruction and so it's very very
interesting how very important monuments
[00:14:46.13]

[00:14:46.13]
become in a century
[00:14:50.18]

[00:15:03.17]
so I'd like to introduce our second
speaker dr. Nora Allen Madhavi in 2010
[00:15:10.17]

[00:15:10.17]
dr. V co-founded the first environmental
social enterprise in Saudi Arabia ha ha
[00:15:18.14]

[00:15:18.14]
sustainability solutions thank you with
the aim of promoting environmental
[00:15:26.13]

[00:15:26.13]
initiatives in both the public and
private sectors as part of her work as
[00:15:30.17]

[00:15:30.17]
an environmental consultant she has
managed local sustainability initiatives
[00:15:34.08]

[00:15:34.08]
and our two years of working with
macaque dr. Hager be cultivated an
[00:15:39.18]

[00:15:39.18]
interest in broader issues of the
environment and respective social and
[00:15:43.06]

[00:15:43.06]
political perceptions in the least after
that she's pursued training and
[00:15:48.12]

[00:15:48.12]
sustainability management and received
her master's degree from Columbia
[00:15:52.11]

[00:15:52.11]
University in New York and 2014 and
currently she is a PhD candidate in
[00:15:58.18]

[00:15:58.18]
Islamic civilizations and studies at
Emory University with a specialization
[00:16:03.17]

[00:16:03.17]
in Islam and ecology her current
research examines the perception of the
[00:16:09.21]

[00:16:09.21]
environment in Saudi Arabia and includes
insights into transnational discourses
[00:16:16.08]

[00:16:16.08]
which draw from religious sources it's
an interdisciplinary kind of work that
[00:16:21.10]

[00:16:21.10]
looks at the intersection between
politics and prior mental activism and
[00:16:25.08]

[00:16:25.08]
Islamic theology and she's also is the
extension of this she's also
[00:16:29.05]

[00:16:29.05]
investigating environmental
sustainability in the Middle East and
[00:16:32.04]

[00:16:32.04]
the ways in which is a lot of influences
so thank you very much
[00:16:39.00]

[00:17:36.04]
so we basically started a club where we
just trying to over in this campus she
[00:17:45.05]

[00:17:45.05]
was not available during that time that
was 2008 and what started as an
[00:17:51.09]

[00:17:51.09]
acceptable activity turned into a
business that we started after
[00:17:55.21]

[00:17:55.21]
graduation so our goal in traveling
[00:18:05.08]

[00:18:06.05]
organizations with individuals
information to be environmentally
[00:18:10.19]

[00:18:10.19]
sustainable establishing programs so we
weren't very nice like out of public
[00:18:20.18]

[00:18:20.18]
passionate and of course to think very
simply that many people fathers almost
[00:18:34.05]

[00:18:34.05]
everyone share our sense of urgency and
actually to solve environmental issues
[00:18:39.19]

[00:18:39.19]
so we were able to find many allies
within different communities but to our
[00:18:46.14]

[00:18:46.14]
surprise our comforts to spending back
to August so nothing to see looking back
[00:18:55.00]

[00:18:55.00]
there was the kind of challenges that I
can summarize first many people didn't
[00:19:03.17]

[00:19:03.17]
even realize the magnitude
[00:19:06.19]

[00:19:07.17]
and I think that's due to the
technological nature of that country
[00:19:13.08]

[00:19:13.08]
like it's not gonna be that experiences
a lot of a lot of floods or tsunamis
[00:19:22.10]

[00:19:22.10]
like this climate change is not actually
physically felt for them it's always
[00:19:28.02]

[00:19:28.02]
been hot anymore second thing is there
was a resistant to believing in concepts
[00:19:35.23]

[00:19:35.23]
climate change and global warming
because some people assumed this
[00:19:39.19]

[00:19:39.19]
contradictory to Islamic beliefs and
finally some you would assume
[00:19:44.07]

[00:19:44.07]
sustainability is like a puzzle written
semi-clean equal two of them looked at
[00:19:49.15]

[00:19:49.15]
and for their people
[00:19:54.01]

[00:19:54.17]
so this when China said like what if we
faced motivating me first to this this
[00:20:01.09]

[00:20:01.09]
kind of research further and I'm just
dying inside the complex and we do that
[00:20:06.07]

[00:20:06.07]
behind these beliefs and the perception
[00:20:10.05]

[00:20:13.14]
so my interest in this particular topic
was inspired while looking at news
[00:20:18.17]

[00:20:18.17]
articles of environmental issues in the
Middle East and I noticed that the
[00:20:22.05]

[00:20:22.05]
majority of articles interesting extreme
weather events are often associated with
[00:20:26.21]

[00:20:26.21]
climate change
for the in defiance which is judgment or
[00:20:32.23]

[00:20:32.23]
monument when talking about climate
change and usually like usually the
[00:20:37.18]

[00:20:37.18]
translated articles and the English
version would not have that kind of term
[00:20:44.07]

[00:20:44.07]
double its entirety
they actually about this time this
[00:20:48.23]

[00:20:48.23]
approach was most prevalent in news
articles that report recent scientific
[00:20:52.15]

[00:20:52.15]
studies of climate change so an attempt
to study this prevalence of such
[00:20:57.11]

[00:20:57.11]
phenomena I approached the parapet
virtual climate change discourse to
[00:21:02.23]

[00:21:02.23]
understand our of Muslims or summer
Muslims think about these issues or
[00:21:07.20]

[00:21:07.20]
extreme weather events so one of the
purposes of this presentation I examine
[00:21:14.21]

[00:21:14.21]
100 YouTube comments that have been made
terms positive to scientific readings
[00:21:19.17]

[00:21:19.17]
and furnishings so basically there to
news means because only to talk about
[00:21:24.05]

[00:21:24.05]
climate change
so I will examine the comments based on
[00:21:30.08]

[00:21:30.08]
the rhetoric and the subject matter
being discussed
[00:21:33.03]

[00:21:33.03]
there are three distinct categories that
emerged when there are comments have
[00:21:36.22]

[00:21:36.22]
explicitly though there were comments
with this context religious references
[00:21:45.12]

[00:21:45.12]
looking closely within one of these
categories especially the non-religious
[00:21:52.10]

[00:21:52.10]
comments the first theme there are
sweeping we made the first theme
[00:21:56.22]

[00:21:56.22]
representing 20
argues that extreme weather events are
[00:22:01.08]

[00:22:01.08]
normal and there's nothing to worry
about
[00:22:04.06]

[00:22:04.06]
the second thing making out 38% of their
comments said that climate change and
[00:22:08.17]

[00:22:08.17]
extreme weather events are the result of
matter of my titles like corruption
[00:22:12.14]

[00:22:12.14]
winter when the humans and the third
synergistic comments that deployment
[00:22:18.16]

[00:22:18.16]
change experience to me that aims to
distract the world by delivering by the
[00:22:24.19]

[00:22:24.19]
averting financial resources our climate
change instead of using it with us
[00:22:29.09]

[00:22:29.09]
developing countries economies category
which other religious comments which
[00:22:37.07]

[00:22:37.07]
also will invite industry different
themes any one person claimed that god
[00:22:42.13]

[00:22:42.13]
only knows the unknown that humans are
not authorized to speculate the meanings
[00:22:47.15]

[00:22:47.15]
of extreme weather events so they don't
associate fact with climate change 60
[00:22:55.18]

[00:22:55.18]
percent attribute that extreme weather
events to by anger on humans or pathway
[00:23:01.14]

[00:23:01.14]
of question sinners and the majority of
the comments of 63 percent relate
[00:23:07.06]

[00:23:07.06]
extreme weather events to the end of
science specifically referring to the
[00:23:15.22]

[00:23:26.07]
so we are trying to dr. tree behold the
PhD from the University of Amsterdam and
[00:24:57.21]

[00:24:57.21]
is the director of the memory
development initiative he is also a
[00:25:05.01]

[00:25:05.01]
senior lecturer at Emory University of
the Department of Middle Eastern South
[00:25:08.07]

[00:25:08.07]
Asian Studies and associate senior
lecturer in the Department of Economics
[00:25:12.06]

[00:25:12.06]
prior to coming to Emory in 2003 dr.
Trudy served as a member of parliament
[00:25:17.07]

[00:25:17.07]
in the Netherlands for two terms from
1994 to 2002 and during that time he was
[00:25:24.06]

[00:25:24.06]
also a representative of the Netherlands
and the Assembly of the Council of
[00:25:27.13]

[00:25:27.13]
Europe the Assembly of Western European
Union and the Dutch language Union he is
[00:25:33.20]

[00:25:33.20]
also a public intellectual who speaks
often in public and works also in
[00:25:42.02]

[00:25:42.02]
journalism and translation he's written
a number of books his most recent one is
[00:25:48.18]

[00:25:48.18]
called Friday's of Rage Al Jazeera in
the Arab Spring which is published in
[00:25:54.02]

[00:25:54.02]
2017 marks Purdue University Press
and from tolerance to Islamophobia lives
[00:26:00.10]

[00:26:00.10]
and ma'am forgive my pronunciation days
a man will walk in his first book in the
[00:26:15.10]

[00:26:15.10]
house of war Dutch Islam observe was
published in 2013 by Oxford University
[00:26:19.19]

[00:26:19.19]
Press right thank you so much and I
really great presentations and very
[00:26:28.11]

[00:26:28.11]
starts with one thing talking about
sustainability and address the issue of
[00:26:33.20]

[00:26:33.20]
translation you mentioned the panel is
called translating sustainability to the
[00:26:40.11]

[00:26:40.11]
MENA region well when I think I totally
agree with with with the idea of
[00:26:47.10]

[00:26:47.10]
translation because love translation has
and the idea of sustainability is lost
[00:26:54.08]

[00:26:54.08]
in translation absolutely so so first I
agree that it's a fuzzy world
[00:26:59.09]

[00:26:59.09]
it is especially contested concept
because we're going to translate it into
[00:27:03.12]

[00:27:03.12]
Arabic it's become still madama
and honestly is much sexy word in Arabic
[00:27:09.10]

[00:27:09.10]
it doesn't bubble eyes anybody doesn't
help anybody to do anything if you have
[00:27:14.12]

[00:27:14.12]
a tip survey just be quick
Maura just did a survey for example
[00:27:19.22]

[00:27:19.22]
inside Arabia Morocco Algeria or
something like that it means a nothing
[00:27:25.06]

[00:27:25.06]
it is classic apparently
[00:27:30.06]

[00:27:31.15]
so this is the distance between said
first so at the same time even which was
[00:27:37.04]

[00:27:37.04]
rates in touch with French or something
[00:27:40.21]

[00:27:41.10]
- something like a German it remains a
very contested concept because it is
[00:27:46.22]

[00:27:46.22]
almost an oxymoron it has this notion of
an active process but also the same time
[00:27:54.21]

[00:27:54.21]
instability so it is really difficult to
have to do - in advance if we make a
[00:28:02.08]

[00:28:02.08]
SWOT analysis of the word sustainability
we can say what are the strengths is
[00:28:08.02]

[00:28:08.02]
were the districts are the fact that
there is a consensus around the world
[00:28:14.11]

[00:28:14.11]
all the leaders of the world agreed like
in the MDGs to create technical SDGs
[00:28:21.09]

[00:28:21.09]
which are an intervention a continuation
of the MDGs which is really very
[00:28:25.16]

[00:28:25.16]
interesting because it keeps a kind of
global commitment however it stays and
[00:28:30.22]

[00:28:30.22]
down atop their model actually no in
fact which is automatic and especially
[00:28:39.19]

[00:28:39.19]
when you have from eight goals in MDGs
to 17 goals with 69 targets to order
[00:28:47.16]

[00:28:47.16]
difficult to really evaluate difficult
to do something with and that's why I
[00:28:53.11]

[00:28:53.11]
agree to a certain extent we don't yeah
the critical force is on a species link
[00:28:59.06]

[00:28:59.06]
we estimate would say actually it is
like a stop it like plan to too big
[00:29:06.17]

[00:29:06.17]
difficult to implement and it is a plan
and when because now we are in the city
[00:29:12.15]

[00:29:12.15]
of the dreamer the dreamer of the city
of Martin again Marshall is mean didn't
[00:29:17.04]

[00:29:17.04]
say I have a plan nobody said I have a
dream so when you try to execute that
[00:29:21.23]

[00:29:21.23]
plan and try to turn it into numbers
only members and this is the problem
[00:29:31.18]

[00:29:31.18]
equations which can suit even if you
take the most interesting theories never
[00:29:38.06]

[00:29:38.06]
invoke in development with Banerjee and
[00:29:43.10]

[00:29:45.04]
Esther Duflo
we you know it's random trials etc it
[00:29:50.22]

[00:29:50.22]
remains very problematic because if you
take take any place in the world and you
[00:29:58.17]

[00:29:58.17]
will see there is a kind of disconnect
between even evaluators and the
[00:30:04.22]

[00:30:04.22]
standards you know people so there is
this you could go back to do this
[00:30:12.01]

[00:30:12.01]
as I said it's a commitment it's
interesting so if you were to turn it
[00:30:17.06]

[00:30:17.06]
into opportunities invited you
we have to find a common language to
[00:30:23.03]

[00:30:23.03]
have a common lexicon at the local left
and again which will be personally said
[00:30:28.03]

[00:30:28.03]
and not talking without agreement he has
some interesting idea which is try to be
[00:30:35.22]

[00:30:35.22]
a circle instead of the plan it means
you have to look every time at the local
[00:30:42.15]

[00:30:42.15]
in conditions and to involve local
players and here what do you need to do
[00:30:48.11]

[00:30:48.11]
with SVG's I think in the region Tunisia
Mauritania take the mushrik started from
[00:31:20.06]

[00:31:20.06]
Egypt and then the Devon Syria Libya
Jordan and the Mushnik is absolutely
[00:31:33.09]

[00:31:33.09]
military there are more weapons in the
market ever somewhere else different
[00:31:38.04]

[00:31:38.04]
reality and the third one is to the
Godfrey's what's going on in the Gulf I
[00:31:43.21]

[00:31:43.21]
mean we see for the first time after the
visit of our president Trump 2017 the
[00:31:51.01]

[00:31:51.01]
only the only if you could say that word
[00:31:57.02]

[00:32:02.16]
crisis Qatar is added to the unity
between all the brothers is not there
[00:32:08.22]

[00:32:08.22]
anymore
so so even
[00:32:11.06]

[00:32:11.06]
the last bastion actually of resistance
to something has been Thatcher and then
[00:32:17.19]

[00:32:17.19]
this I don't saying that because we Jian
was a pair of region or not the problem
[00:32:24.14]

[00:32:24.14]
is that if it was something that's good
now that region is responding more so
[00:32:33.05]

[00:32:33.05]
since 2017 could say place is running
back the Arabs bring achievements
[00:32:46.05]

[00:32:46.05]
everywhere from Morocco just out
iterator there is funding to to bring
[00:32:53.08]

[00:32:53.08]
you know you know Arabia and the Gulf
region a lot of money written in the
[00:33:04.23]

[00:33:04.23]
Arab Spring to Brian actually civil
servants in order to keep them in place
[00:33:09.16]

[00:33:09.16]
and they fund is actually
counter-revolutions from Libya to
[00:33:15.12]

[00:33:15.12]
recently in sooo bad if you look at the
user banners during the Algerian
[00:33:21.20]

[00:33:21.20]
revolution which you just not happening
to stop because ie
[00:33:25.12]

[00:33:25.12]
stop do what you do in our country you
know they would be be they wanna have is
[00:33:31.04]

[00:33:31.04]
that promotes once in a model which is
preserving military model to suppress
[00:33:38.03]

[00:33:38.03]
the legal and interceptor to show the
West and they have emotions even in your
[00:33:43.08]

[00:33:43.08]
opinion you know just Mike on agreed to
what's going on with general after going
[00:33:50.16]

[00:33:50.16]
in and bobbing actually truly and they
can expect to we are living in these
[00:33:56.11]

[00:33:56.11]
kind of situations promoting one
miniature model one of CC the one off
[00:34:00.23]

[00:34:00.23]
the one off half-starved one off there
to show the West if not us is gonna be
[00:34:07.17]

[00:34:07.17]
to dilute it's gonna be this planet
political Islam is that we're gonna be
[00:34:12.01]

[00:34:12.01]
easy alive so the security of is so when
you forget about social justice
[00:34:17.06]

[00:34:17.06]
what are you forget about the people in
you know something like that in it's
[00:34:20.14]

[00:34:20.14]
like a network with just little SD she's
very nice
[00:34:23.08]

[00:34:23.08]
I said there they have a number of
future virtues but it's not it's not
[00:34:30.07]

[00:34:30.07]
gonna get into the job so just go back
to is the point which is the problem of
[00:34:42.16]

[00:34:42.16]
consensus we live in the time of
absolute disappearance of consensus in
[00:34:48.20]

[00:34:48.20]
in the Arab world
just recently check the Arab League took
[00:34:53.17]

[00:34:53.17]
place a painting recently Syria is not
an agenda talked about in a party what I
[00:35:04.02]

[00:35:04.02]
don't know what you're talking about
I mean as be she's worth SDG so this is
[00:35:08.14]

[00:35:08.14]
this totally so and you know that yeah
when we go to talk about stability you
[00:35:17.15]

[00:35:17.15]
know that debts that since the Paris
agreement you know this has been
[00:35:23.13]

[00:35:23.13]
implemented successfully in Morocco in
the cop21 put the rock under under the
[00:35:30.04]

[00:35:30.04]
sea of these I'm so sorry this is the
leader of the world put in a rut and so
[00:35:34.01]

[00:35:34.01]
what is it now
so I do but it's also in a way a global
[00:35:41.06]

[00:35:41.06]
level
the last books whenever the bank and a
[00:35:46.01]

[00:35:46.01]
species had to play well is that there
is a alienation there is a
[00:35:51.12]

[00:35:51.12]
marginalization of political and I'm not
saying that Islam is a good thing I just
[00:35:56.03]

[00:35:56.03]
say if if you have elections in any
country in the Arab world but instead
[00:36:02.17]

[00:36:02.17]
Islam you will in Turkey in Turkey
tomorrow Arab country so it means that
[00:36:08.08]

[00:36:08.08]
where is the popular culture of it so we
could not marginalize it forever you
[00:36:13.23]

[00:36:13.23]
cannot put all the Muslim Brotherhood in
Chen you cannot put all the political
[00:36:17.18]

[00:36:17.18]
engine you have to find a modus operandi
were in the rule of law where I'm going
[00:36:23.15]

[00:36:23.15]
to include them in this public space or
in a multiplicity of of number of public
[00:36:29.01]

[00:36:29.01]
spaces in order to to reach me that they
have to over work the last thing that we
[00:36:45.03]

[00:36:45.03]
learned from Algeria that the civil war
in Algeria led to even more problematic
[00:36:51.10]

[00:36:51.10]
situation etc by marginalizing them and
not including them in the political
[00:36:56.19]

[00:36:56.19]
process you have a problem because the
animal has to go through this this face
[00:37:01.20]

[00:37:01.20]
of political slab not to become yeah but
the keys to know the limits of Christmas
[00:37:08.12]

[00:37:08.12]
time we saw the experience Morsi was
disaster in Egypt but when you quit when
[00:37:15.23]

[00:37:15.23]
you post Morsi in jail he becomes a
martyr and it doesn't show the limits of
[00:37:20.11]

[00:37:20.11]
its own governance we see that in
Morocco man Morocco has two terms Muslim
[00:37:25.08]

[00:37:25.08]
Islamist parties what happened
it's now their popularity is doing that
[00:37:31.05]

[00:37:31.05]
because we know they cannot they be
pushed through the throat of the people
[00:37:35.17]

[00:37:35.17]
a lot of buffoons
should have pensions of teachers being
[00:37:42.03]

[00:37:42.03]
cut down and they can not you know
create good sanitation good water access
[00:37:48.08]

[00:37:48.08]
to a number of things
no it's not they are very show the news
[00:37:53.23]

[00:37:53.23]
of their government everything even in
Turkey now we see with the turnover
[00:38:02.01]

[00:38:02.01]
terrorism go down so I to believe that
that that maybe that's a season I
[00:38:10.23]

[00:38:15.06]
remember when I was student in
understand I I follow the course the
[00:38:20.12]

[00:38:20.12]
professor would I have graduate from
Haneda his name the course was cool
[00:38:25.12]

[00:38:25.12]
medicine and didn't people and things
humans and things the idea of the
[00:38:38.17]

[00:38:38.17]
environment the idea of living in
balance with with environment it's a
[00:38:44.01]

[00:38:44.01]
very inclusion thing I think people and
things are so our final speaker will be
[00:38:57.21]

[00:38:57.21]
someone who may be familiar to some of
you from her wonderful keynote yesterday
[00:39:04.15]

[00:39:04.15]
we have with us dr. part of these
mahadevi who is the current acting dean
[00:39:10.22]

[00:39:10.22]
of the Josef Korbel School of
International Studies
[00:39:13.21]

[00:39:13.21]
University of Denver and previously she
was an associate professor and chair of
[00:39:18.18]

[00:39:18.18]
anthropology and director of the Pacific
Basin Institute of the Dean of women at
[00:39:23.20]

[00:39:23.20]
Pomona College
she has a truly an impressively broad
[00:39:30.21]

[00:39:30.21]
broad portfolio of research including
gendered labor migration and sexuality
[00:39:36.23]

[00:39:36.23]
Human Rights youth culture transnational
feminism and public health in the
[00:39:41.14]

[00:39:41.14]
context of changing global critical
structures she's the author of four
[00:39:45.04]

[00:39:45.04]
books all of that Irish Island written
myself posh first book passionate
[00:39:50.20]

[00:39:50.20]
uprising Iran's sexual revolution was
published by Stanford University Press
[00:39:54.22]

[00:39:54.22]
in 2008 and her second book gridlock
labor migration in human trafficking in
[00:40:00.06]

[00:40:00.06]
Dubai was also published by Stanford in
2011 her third book is entitled trapped
[00:40:07.06]

[00:40:07.06]
from trafficking to terror constructing
a global social problem was published in
[00:40:11.11]

[00:40:11.11]
2013 by Rutledge and her fourth book do
all this crossing the Gulf love and
[00:40:19.05]

[00:40:19.05]
family and migrant lives by Stanford
University Press in April 2016 thank you
[00:40:28.16]

[00:40:28.16]
so much for being
thank you for the opportunity to speak
[00:40:31.16]

[00:40:31.16]
to you again today I will try not to
have any overlap of what I spoke about
[00:40:36.14]

[00:40:36.14]
yesterday but to see you since yesterday
was a bit about the SDG not uncritically
[00:40:42.10]

[00:40:42.10]
but really I was talking about
innovative finance and how we might
[00:40:45.17]

[00:40:45.17]
think about the world in finance
[00:40:49.16]

[00:40:49.21]
so tackling the STG
[00:40:54.14]

[00:40:54.22]
so today's panel offs that the topic is
on sustainability in the MENA region and
[00:41:00.01]

[00:41:00.01]
I want to talk about two areas of
sustainability that are not often
[00:41:05.05]

[00:41:05.05]
considered I think that a lot
but I think as not articulated so while
[00:41:12.02]

[00:41:12.02]
you know talking about sustainability in
the region has to be in concert or in
[00:41:18.19]

[00:41:18.19]
coalition with solutions
and so what I want to talk about it are
[00:41:24.09]

[00:41:24.09]
the sustainability of social movements
as one area and the sustainability of
[00:41:28.13]

[00:41:28.13]
education and of course these are linked
right and the question is what does it
[00:41:35.14]

[00:41:35.14]
take to make the organic social movement
and the organic movement towards
[00:41:41.08]

[00:41:41.08]
decolonizing higher education that's
taken place
[00:41:45.20]

[00:41:51.02]
so this comes from Google back currently
writing which is and in the book I'm
[00:41:57.15]

[00:41:57.15]
talking about
feminist movements
[00:42:02.10]

[00:42:04.23]
the book really speaks to D Center in
the United States and the rhetoric
[00:42:09.13]

[00:42:09.13]
around me too you have this narrative
here right now that the United States
[00:42:13.16]

[00:42:13.16]
has come up with this new wave of - and
that's erroneous actually it was
[00:42:20.05]

[00:42:20.05]
feminist movements that did a lot of
Recife
[00:42:23.15]

[00:42:23.15]
iran's green movement and the Arab
Spring in Tunisia in particular so I
[00:42:28.05]

[00:42:28.05]
have three case studies and follows her
three protagonists in the book Iran is
[00:42:33.20]

[00:42:33.20]
the first case study based on
earlier fill work and sort of subsequent
[00:42:38.15]

[00:42:38.15]
interviews the second is India and the
third is to Asia
[00:42:43.21]

[00:42:43.21]
our conversation today so how do we make
some movements in sustainable well first
[00:42:49.11]

[00:42:49.11]
we have to recognize that we have to
recognize what really is fomenting
[00:42:53.05]

[00:42:53.05]
revolution and what has been really
disturbing to me and watching the
[00:43:01.01]

[00:43:01.01]
aftermath of Iran's Green
[00:43:04.09]

[00:43:05.06]
the Arab Spring is the way in which
women who really not inherited right it
[00:43:10.16]

[00:43:10.16]
was a lot of organizing by women's
groups in my first book which was on
[00:43:14.06]

[00:43:14.06]
time
politics Ron looked at how sexual and
[00:43:17.05]

[00:43:17.05]
gender politics were giving birth to a
civil rights movement and they kind of
[00:43:21.12]

[00:43:21.12]
ended that book by saying there's going
to be a larger civil rights movement and
[00:43:25.03]

[00:43:25.03]
exactly a year later the great movement
happens led by many of the same
[00:43:29.05]

[00:43:29.05]
figurehead it's who were leading the
sexual revolution in Iran in Tunisia is
[00:43:35.14]

[00:43:35.14]
the same thing you've had a lot of waves
of feminism
[00:43:39.12]

[00:43:39.19]
organizing deploying the tools of social
media and transnational other
[00:43:43.22]

[00:43:43.22]
connections and somehow when the Arab
Spring happened
[00:43:48.11]

[00:43:48.11]
just another reason that happens outside
of the region so first they have to be
[00:43:58.01]

[00:43:58.01]
visible and and in addition they have to
not be altered what do I mean by that so
[00:44:07.11]

[00:44:07.11]
yesterday you heard me talk a little bit
about sad funding all the time is
[00:44:11.18]

[00:44:11.18]
funding that comes from external sources
does
[00:44:14.17]

[00:44:14.17]
good so if we take the case of Tunisian
for instance there were a number of
[00:44:18.10]

[00:44:18.10]
organics on this
that were growing and yet funding
[00:44:22.18]

[00:44:22.18]
organization she went to pee USI a
difference in the bricks this these
[00:44:30.03]

[00:44:30.03]
funding mechanisms came in to support a
particular type of organizing that they
[00:44:36.03]

[00:44:36.03]
were maybe more in contact with right
they couldn't support the feminists or
[00:44:40.15]

[00:44:40.15]
tonight they wanted to support them to
be organizing that was
[00:44:45.07]

[00:44:45.07]
they the scg's at the time right and so
this kind of funding actually ended up
[00:44:50.08]

[00:44:50.08]
deterring the organic silence or
anything that was happening with the fat
[00:44:55.09]

[00:44:55.09]
funding and that is it's typically the
greatest threat I think choose the
[00:44:59.11]

[00:44:59.11]
sustainability of so
when outside of the country a particular
[00:45:04.05]

[00:45:04.05]
arm of the movement is identified and
that our movement is funded which
[00:45:08.09]

[00:45:08.09]
thereby eclipses and Eliza success that
you explained when you lean into each
[00:45:12.23]

[00:45:12.23]
piece exactly so you had these feminist
groups that were organizing rights and
[00:45:18.06]

[00:45:18.06]
they were organizing to you know bring
about the shift and the revolution and
[00:45:25.19]

[00:45:25.19]
instead of funding those groups it was
actually the first way of feminists who
[00:45:31.01]

[00:45:31.01]
were funded in the first wave feminists
were the ones who rehearse the
[00:45:34.08]

[00:45:34.08]
narratives of feminism for the United
States so it was actually the first wave
[00:45:38.04]

[00:45:38.04]
of violence as opposed to miss Monica an
assistant that's right who knew the next
[00:45:42.21]

[00:45:42.21]
generation of organizers we're looking
at how Islam political Islam probably
[00:45:47.16]

[00:45:47.16]
Salaam can be used to bring about change
right but outside of the region people
[00:45:53.04]

[00:45:53.04]
didn't like this notion of Islamic
feminism and so what they did was they
[00:45:57.07]

[00:45:57.07]
wanted to fund the more Western form of
feminism the liberation feminism if you
[00:46:01.21]

[00:46:01.21]
will we talked about it in terms of like
this
[00:46:04.01]

[00:46:04.01]
complex right the white complex for the
charity yet charity industrial complex
[00:46:10.18]

[00:46:10.18]
the life we need to save all the save
the brown limit from the ground men that
[00:46:16.08]

[00:46:16.08]
stock at a very old first wavelength we
need to liberate from it and what you
[00:46:20.22]

[00:46:20.22]
had was this other generation organizing
saying we can feel liberated through
[00:46:24.13]

[00:46:24.13]
Islam and for social change that was a
narrative that wasn't necessarily
[00:46:31.06]

[00:46:31.06]
appreciated by Europe it was they sought
to fund cut of the other narrative so
[00:46:38.05]

[00:46:38.05]
that in a second I think we have to
recognize the impact of feminist
[00:46:48.11]

[00:46:48.11]
organizing to bring about this sort of
hashtag you need to or I even again the
[00:46:56.05]

[00:46:56.05]
United States is trying to take credit
for bringing about me too and the
[00:46:59.21]

[00:46:59.21]
reality is that it's actually been the
last decade and a half there's been a
[00:47:04.03]

[00:47:04.03]
lot of organizing in what would be
called the global south or just
[00:47:08.07]

[00:47:08.07]
subalterns right this organizing around
issues that pertain to me to has been
[00:47:14.01]

[00:47:14.01]
happening since the late 90s and early
2000s it's just gotten traction here but
[00:47:19.17]

[00:47:19.17]
the notion that it's been invented in
the United States is problematic and so
[00:47:23.15]

[00:47:23.15]
that's kind of what I'm taking apart in
the book so in the book animals are
[00:47:29.04]

[00:47:29.04]
trying to highlight the options for
speaking back to a regime when you're
[00:47:32.15]

[00:47:32.15]
not necessarily supported by these
external groups what you saw what I saw
[00:47:37.18]

[00:47:37.18]
in Iran and I don't have much time as
I'd like to go into each of the key
[00:47:41.12]

[00:47:41.12]
things but what I saw in both Iran and
Tunisia was that you can see individual
[00:47:46.11]

[00:47:46.11]
and systemic change so here in the US we
grapple with is me to asking us to
[00:47:51.14]

[00:47:51.14]
change individual behaviors or is it
asking for systemic change right is it
[00:47:56.11]

[00:47:56.11]
asking us is it asking us to change
men's behavior
[00:47:59.14]

[00:47:59.14]
right or you know interior interior as
intimate in inter intimate behaviors or
[00:48:04.16]

[00:48:04.16]
is it asking for systemic change and
that is it asking for colleges and
[00:48:08.10]

[00:48:08.10]
universities to have quality for mooyah
on actual respite in the worklist this
[00:48:14.18]

[00:48:14.18]
is constantly seen as intention whereas
when you see
[00:48:19.00]

[00:48:19.00]
organizing both in Iran in Geneva you
see that these are not intentioned but
[00:48:22.19]

[00:48:22.19]
in concert okay but the individual
change brings systemic change and
[00:48:26.23]

[00:48:26.23]
systemic change will allow some for
individual change and so that's that's
[00:48:32.13]

[00:48:32.19]
I'm looking at how sexual sexual
politics has been a place to explore
[00:48:36.23]

[00:48:36.23]
both individual and systemic change I'm
borrowing notions are on intimate
[00:48:42.02]

[00:48:42.02]
citizenship as has a reconstituted fact
it's reconstituted by the same its what
[00:48:47.16]

[00:48:47.16]
I'm saying is lesser known theories in
citizenship so looking at how in in both
[00:48:53.16]

[00:48:53.16]
Iran and in Tunisia young people were
able to comport their resistance right
[00:48:59.05]

[00:48:59.05]
to be able to use the body to speak back
to to a regime with which they did not
[00:49:03.21]

[00:49:03.21]
agree but without necessarily rejecting
Islam I think this goes to your point as
[00:49:09.07]

[00:49:09.07]
well as that right there is the Islam
has a lot of traction it's just it's
[00:49:13.19]

[00:49:13.19]
reconstituted and that I think makes
people outside their region variant so
[00:49:19.01]

[00:49:19.01]
sexual politics becomes a way to explore
and speak back to the regime that also
[00:49:23.16]

[00:49:23.16]
becomes a way to explore and speak back
to colonialism and
[00:49:27.15]

[00:49:27.15]
right this question of colonized bodies
how do we speak crack and reclaim a body
[00:49:32.02]

[00:49:32.02]
that has been colonized or a real
colonized feather the case of Iran I'm
[00:49:37.13]

[00:49:37.13]
looking at how these feminist movements
have created more institutions and
[00:49:41.13]

[00:49:41.13]
aligned and institutionalized their
resistance even within acknowledging
[00:49:45.14]

[00:49:45.14]
framework for many of these women living
their values has helped to articulate
[00:49:50.21]

[00:49:50.21]
their identity outside of their status
as mother daughter sister or worker of
[00:49:57.02]

[00:49:57.02]
course their battlefield fatigue is real
and it's compounded through coming
[00:50:01.11]

[00:50:01.11]
together learning across borders
fortunately with social media
[00:50:05.01]

[00:50:05.01]
vibration I was thinking about two
recent sort of Twitter hashtag movements
[00:50:11.13]

[00:50:11.13]
one being my selfie freedom in Iran
which you've probably heard about that's
[00:50:14.22]

[00:50:14.22]
kind of made its way across borders
since 2014 and then of course the new
[00:50:19.02]

[00:50:19.02]
bloggers which began in Egypt but spread
to Morocco in Tunisia and how they were
[00:50:23.23]

[00:50:23.23]
able to build build a movement across
borders but living their values has
[00:50:28.23]

[00:50:28.23]
really been important for a lot of these
assignments but again we've enclosed the
[00:50:32.13]

[00:50:32.13]
work that many of them so the book is
kind of trying to speak back to that now
[00:50:38.09]

[00:50:38.09]
for many of these individuals higher
education has played a major role right
[00:50:42.17]

[00:50:42.17]
the universities have been the gathering
place for many of the movements right
[00:50:46.10]

[00:50:46.10]
people have come to the universities to
learn different theories and learn
[00:50:50.19]

[00:50:50.19]
different ways of speaking back all the
while trying to decolonize the higher
[00:50:55.11]

[00:50:55.11]
education that's happening and what do I
mean by that what I mean is by is that
[00:50:59.21]

[00:50:59.21]
people are trying to reclaim indigenous
forms of knowledge right and so they're
[00:51:03.23]

[00:51:03.23]
trying to find a way to make their
curricula match their own experience so
[00:51:08.12]

[00:51:08.12]
that we're not just necessarily taking
authoritative Canon or if you will from
[00:51:14.05]

[00:51:14.05]
the West but trying to figure out a more
organic movement what threatens this
[00:51:18.02]

[00:51:18.02]
most once again is is what I call it
sort of recolonization of higher
[00:51:22.05]

[00:51:22.05]
education in the Middle East anyone
who's been to the Gulf recently will
[00:51:25.22]

[00:51:25.22]
probably notice there are more American
the universe is right you know every
[00:51:31.23]

[00:51:31.23]
time I would do by or Doha can't help
but notice that right and and and I'm
[00:51:36.23]

[00:51:36.23]
troubled by it right untroubled by that
kind of pre-colonization through higher
[00:51:40.17]

[00:51:40.17]
education not that that that we don't
have a role to play and not that for
[00:51:45.08]

[00:51:45.08]
instance Study Abroad can't be fruitful
but rather that it might need to be more
[00:51:49.04]

[00:51:49.04]
intentional that an experience of study
abroad might need to be one where people
[00:51:53.21]

[00:51:53.21]
are moving the flows are both directions
first or not not unidirectional but that
[00:51:59.11]

[00:51:59.11]
people are able to look at different
forms of knowledge that necessarily
[00:52:02.18]

[00:52:02.18]
those which are which are privileged
here so you know the creation of global
[00:52:07.16]

[00:52:07.16]
campuses threatens the organic movements
to reform higher education which is
[00:52:12.09]

[00:52:12.09]
absolutely what's needed to make social
movement sustainable is having a very
[00:52:17.07]

[00:52:17.07]
robust system of higher education how
can we take the really good things that
[00:52:21.12]

[00:52:21.12]
have happened with Western higher
education without eclipsing the entire
[00:52:25.10]

[00:52:25.10]
history or the entire Canon that is the
memory of a nation
[00:52:31.06]

[00:52:47.04]
cannoli but I really believe last year
so my question
[00:52:53.18]

[00:52:53.18]
as you mentioned the whole point of the
holidays and that has happened since
[00:53:01.19]

[00:53:01.19]
it's not operate like the culture like
these partners so do you like having
[00:53:09.03]

[00:53:09.03]
privileges or not any ways that you know
these simple projects that will be
[00:53:15.00]

[00:53:20.18]
I think before yeah like one of the
problems that we have is that usually
[00:53:29.00]

[00:53:29.00]
organizations but I think actually and
research to see what are they
[00:53:52.09]

[00:53:52.09]
motivations between how are the
speculation is gonna be it was what's
[00:53:58.09]

[00:53:58.09]
their value because you might if you
keep some what about these issues but do
[00:54:07.11]

[00:54:07.11]
you think that they've been just going
[00:54:23.09]

[00:54:30.10]
or a Russian dinner and your survey of
the media was that all from Saturday
[00:54:35.16]

[00:54:35.16]
publications or outlets or was that pan
regional it's so the former later
[00:54:54.21]

[00:54:54.21]
outcomes as sixty forty percent splits
all religious non-religious responses to
[00:55:02.15]

[00:55:02.15]
the pan regional outcomes in terms of
how people responded is that your
[00:55:06.23]

[00:55:06.23]
conclusion yeah so magnet ladies might
go up so so I think of course not anyone
[00:55:15.02]

[00:55:15.02]
who would watch the videos would respond
during but like the people who respond
[00:55:21.01]

[00:55:21.01]
to these videos I think more would have
mainly enraged by a statement that you
[00:55:28.16]

[00:55:28.16]
know
[00:55:30.23]

[00:55:31.11]
trying to they're actually what these
ladies talk about you know dramatic
[00:55:37.18]

[00:55:37.18]
effects of climate change which most
people we like to remember that walk
[00:55:43.10]

[00:55:43.10]
really - so I think what someone doesn't
have I like to if some who have never
[00:55:57.14]

[00:55:57.14]
been educated environmental issues seems
such a good evening with sporadic action
[00:56:02.16]

[00:56:02.16]
other things that I'll be the virus to
the entire population I think it was
[00:56:07.22]

[00:56:07.22]
wave I think that there is actually an
ontology of connecting these two
[00:56:13.06]

[00:56:13.06]
together that's not only one person it's
actually
[00:56:19.21]

[00:56:23.15]
so would you would you relay that a very
nature of electric that was used in the
[00:56:29.13]

[00:56:29.13]
original media outlet so the elliptic
nature of the outcomes there is of the
[00:56:36.21]

[00:56:36.21]
climate change impacts versus they're
going to be ten percent less water two
[00:56:42.09]

[00:56:42.09]
degrees increase which does not stir the
same reaction people would you attribute
[00:56:49.01]

[00:56:49.01]
the religious connotations in people's
minds to the present the situation
[00:57:42.07]

[00:57:42.07]
Algeria and Sudan through extreme
changes recently I think I'd love to
[00:57:48.21]

[00:57:48.21]
talk about reusing but without a chain
JIRA is it's a memory one anchor
[00:57:58.12]

[00:57:58.12]
actually in the liberation you know war
against the French which is the one of
[00:58:05.20]

[00:58:05.20]
the FM which been using for a long time
and expending this service call you know
[00:58:14.09]

[00:58:14.09]
this military junta that use the last
man that they have to legitimize
[00:58:20.15]

[00:58:20.15]
actually being in power and things the
fight against I gave the French they
[00:58:26.03]

[00:58:26.03]
want to keep it alive and you know
Africa is the last one who can do that
[00:58:31.19]

[00:58:31.19]
after that there would be nobody
so the second memory which is the memory
[00:58:36.23]

[00:58:36.23]
of the youth because we have a youth
ball in the Islamic in the Arab world
[00:58:40.23]

[00:58:40.23]
and especially they have nothing to do
they call the
[00:58:45.00]

[00:58:45.00]
test from hit from the war the lead on
the world all day even they it's a rare
[00:58:50.23]

[00:58:50.23]
state and they have a lot of oil etc
they this is a huge organization of the
[00:58:57.19]

[00:58:57.19]
youth this youth doesn't have the memory
of the war of the liberation war its
[00:59:03.01]

[00:59:03.01]
memory is anchored in a different memory
the one of the Civil War of the 19th
[00:59:07.08]

[00:59:07.08]
where the Islamists were actually denied
to have access to power and you had ten
[00:59:12.19]

[00:59:12.19]
years of war between the two Liberty and
then they for them the French they even
[00:59:17.16]

[00:59:17.16]
prefer the French this military junta
that is authoritarian so we have if you
[00:59:26.12]

[00:59:26.12]
could say we have three friends we could
say the frame the media international
[00:59:31.16]

[00:59:31.16]
media frame of the the regime and the
frame of the youth the youth see see
[00:59:39.22]

[00:59:39.22]
actually the military junta
as promoting you know a kind of issue
[00:59:46.15]

[00:59:46.15]
dimension narrative that doesn't work
anymore and they just they steal all the
[00:59:51.00]

[00:59:51.00]
money the military spent so much money
on buying arguments from the subject
[00:59:58.23]

[00:59:58.23]
from from Russia that even work doesn't
work they spend all that money so and
[01:00:04.02]

[01:00:04.02]
then they buy these privileges and all
the money of the oil do that so this is
[01:00:07.10]

[01:00:07.10]
the narrative we have to change this
this regime if you look in for example
[01:00:13.10]

[01:00:13.10]
during the protest market you see they
have they have this wheelchair so mean
[01:00:18.20]

[01:00:18.20]
this is the regime of whichever we need
the the institutions of the state that
[01:00:23.23]

[01:00:23.23]
have at least you see anymore because
what they do is is because this guy who
[01:00:31.22]

[01:00:31.22]
can lost the mute cannot walk who speaks
on the opposite is brother Silus or
[01:00:37.01]

[01:00:37.01]
everything or somebody else who does to
take you know and and this is the
[01:00:41.17]

[01:00:41.17]
beginning so they seen as a change of
leader
[01:00:43.23]

[01:00:43.23]
the routine exactly well yeah and they
were the regime one step and she said no
[01:00:48.18]

[01:00:48.18]
we're gonna do okay
after the fifth Friday fridge you know
[01:01:12.11]

[01:01:12.11]
with the regime would say these these
people are funded by external forces
[01:01:22.00]

[01:01:22.00]
they want to bring this if we don't stop
them we will have a kind of Isis machine
[01:01:30.12]

[01:01:30.12]
here again we can like Libya so they
show these dangers but at the same time
[01:01:39.02]

[01:01:39.02]
help the youth and they wanted to act
[01:01:43.12]

[01:01:44.16]
Constitution number 12 which they have
to keep the power after you know the
[01:01:56.07]

[01:01:56.07]
posting the president to also and the
people and the young people say what
[01:02:06.10]

[01:02:06.10]
happened we have to activate Action 7
which is give the power to do to the
[01:02:13.20]

[01:02:13.20]
people and this is within he's gonna
continue continue like that because once
[01:02:22.06]

[01:02:22.06]
we see here in general is that one and
find it also in the Gulf region
[01:02:27.05]

[01:02:27.05]
especially by MVS
they said by the others and sorry so
[01:02:35.00]

[01:02:35.00]
sorry I shouldn't say injure anybody so
no you know funded by but even wants to
[01:02:52.21]

[01:02:54.03]
teach me guitar and seven turkey versus
and it oh fuck weren't fun it's always
[01:03:08.11]

[01:03:08.11]
one fun the other one the nutria
solution and it is so if you could say
[01:03:15.02]

[01:03:15.02]
the batter is within Islamic cells
within society and all funded by Austin
[01:03:25.04]

[01:03:25.04]
result is just as panelists okay the
gaps have chaos and this is helps to
[01:03:31.12]

[01:03:31.12]
these non-state actors like like Isis
like terrorist organizations you know
[01:03:37.08]

[01:03:37.08]
what's happening in Libya is which is
the door actually to the the gates
[01:03:45.03]

[01:03:45.03]
actually today sucks entire Africa she's
become in a forest region from Boko
[01:03:49.16]

[01:03:49.16]
Haram decided to do that and it's the
exact keyword salads with every
[01:03:53.18]

[01:03:53.18]
preventive
[01:03:56.07]

[01:04:00.07]
hi everyone this is questions open to
all of us and based on the idea that you
[01:04:06.08]

[01:04:06.08]
also discussed sustainability in middle
eastern regions being rooted in Social
[01:04:14.21]

[01:04:14.21]
Development or religion
these other practices and so how would
[01:04:18.04]

[01:04:18.04]
you all the sort of consider class in
this conversation in economic news
[01:04:21.20]

[01:04:21.20]
conversations and thinking about the
motivation of these about these nations
[01:04:27.03]

[01:04:27.03]
and the individuals in informations and
that they're trying to advance an
[01:04:31.22]

[01:04:31.22]
economic gain GP or whatever the case
may be rather than looking for
[01:04:36.05]

[01:04:36.05]
sustainable ways in which to do so
especially with the example a lot of
[01:04:40.23]

[01:04:40.23]
Western nations in the United States
particularly which has created this
[01:04:44.10]

[01:04:44.10]
economic game based
[01:04:47.09]

[01:04:56.19]
Laurette summarize your question with
his able to the rolling spaces that
[01:05:00.09]

[01:05:00.09]
whole thing work
oh what's the Royal United States and
[01:05:03.06]

[01:05:03.06]
thinking that these nations are trying
to or practicing unsustainable practices
[01:05:09.10]

[01:05:09.10]
because they're trying to find economic
gain I don't mean the motivator what is
[01:05:13.11]

[01:05:13.11]
what what is the motivation look like in
conversation with class and that they're
[01:05:19.02]

[01:05:19.02]
kids it makes economic gain but in
unsustainable ways but that that's
[01:05:23.05]

[01:05:23.05]
worked in practice for other nations
yeah I mean look at present current
[01:05:31.18]

[01:05:31.18]
configuration of that estate especially
with the current government it's really
[01:05:36.17]

[01:05:36.17]
difficult to say anything first of all
let me just say it's didn't I asked my
[01:05:43.10]

[01:05:43.10]
students to write a letter to present
job to tell them what is missing in
[01:05:49.03]

[01:05:49.03]
American policy and it was really very
interesting comment that when our former
[01:05:57.14]

[01:05:57.14]
Secretary of State visited actually
Kenya was fine except second you know
[01:06:04.20]

[01:06:04.20]
the first was our president to Chile to
to to abroad was actually Saudi Arabia
[01:06:12.04]

[01:06:12.04]
which is really say
laughs about what's going on in that
[01:06:19.02]

[01:06:19.02]
sense I think the current administration
is not really I'm not preaching about
[01:06:24.15]

[01:06:24.15]
that the same what's coming up is that
that it doesn't it it's done it's me
[01:06:30.07]

[01:06:30.07]
first and don't care what's going on in
they don't look to social movements as
[01:06:38.12]

[01:06:38.12]
they don't look at and what do you want
they don't care about these kind of
[01:06:44.06]

[01:06:44.06]
things and this is a big a people thing
I really think that with the idea bility
[01:06:50.05]

[01:06:50.05]
is is a big mistake
and if you want something sustainable
[01:06:57.06]

[01:06:57.06]
you have absolutely you know to work on
social cohesion in these I must say the
[01:07:08.16]

[01:07:08.16]
the social as you say it's more
important than anything and if you can
[01:07:14.08]

[01:07:14.08]
convert the social capital into you know
stability into economic capital you will
[01:07:21.00]

[01:07:21.00]
gain much more from you know converting
only economic capital to little projects
[01:07:27.20]

[01:07:27.20]
somewhere and that's what I do think
that it has to do is to help do you buy
[01:07:37.18]

[01:07:37.18]
you know job stability and possibility
through the social and not through the
[01:07:45.23]

[01:07:45.23]
security on animals
[01:07:49.15]

[01:07:51.15]
yeah so I guess what I was talking about
yesterday which is
[01:07:56.04]

[01:07:56.04]
I think any gate result depends this
question of class is very different
[01:08:01.03]

[01:08:01.03]
depending on the country right so you
have the halide right here the Gulf
[01:08:04.11]

[01:08:04.11]
countries where class for citizens is a
bit less of an issue because there's so
[01:08:10.09]

[01:08:10.09]
much oil right so it's maybe there's
vast inequalities if you're looking at
[01:08:14.12]

[01:08:14.12]
the golfers is the mantra versus Iran I
mean very very very different and like
[01:08:19.09]

[01:08:19.09]
class relations GDP you know that so
it's it's it's quite different depending
[01:08:25.21]

[01:08:25.21]
on which country you're focusing on to
come to the second part of your
[01:08:32.05]

[01:08:32.05]
questions and which relates to the first
I think that many of the countries in
[01:08:37.01]

[01:08:37.01]
the region are on unfortunately on the
receiving end of exploitation and on
[01:08:41.16]

[01:08:41.16]
sustainable practices as well as as
opposed to being the ones who are doing
[01:08:46.08]

[01:08:46.08]
the exploitation I mean there that
certainly is that but there they tend to
[01:08:51.14]

[01:08:51.14]
be a lot of them on them on the
receiving end so the question is how
[01:08:56.04]

[01:08:56.04]
might countries partner with the US and
so this was this was my presentation
[01:09:00.23]

[01:09:00.23]
yesterday this these concepts of
innovative finance risk of sharing
[01:09:05.03]

[01:09:05.03]
socially
you know the crowd is unnamed watching
[01:09:09.02]

[01:09:09.02]
but how how much you bought a tiny bit
pay how might the United States partner
[01:09:14.16]

[01:09:14.16]
with the countries of the region to
create more sustainable practices going
[01:09:19.17]

[01:09:19.17]
forward so so much of the generation of
revenue is due to multinational and
[01:09:26.09]

[01:09:26.09]
multilateral commerce
[01:09:30.09]

[01:09:34.21]
so question is how do you think that we
don't mean the countries with address
[01:09:40.22]

[01:09:40.22]
sustainability also considering the
minorities
[01:09:46.08]

[01:09:51.20]
like how would they do it as well
[01:09:56.23]

[01:10:59.06]
they're impossible to say yeah these are
these are and there are so many
[01:11:07.13]

[01:11:07.13]
minorities that form the national
identity and and don't forget also two
[01:11:12.22]

[01:11:12.22]
things one is the colonial heritage the
French never you know bill from Arabs
[01:11:26.13]

[01:11:26.13]
with the same thing in Jews from Earth
[01:11:32.20]

[01:11:33.16]
you know this second thing is that we
see
[01:11:42.08]

[01:11:42.08]
we see that there are many deaths
you know organizations from outside the
[01:11:50.23]

[01:11:50.23]
region that fund actually
certain activities for but we see that
[01:12:05.01]

[01:12:05.01]
with happen in money and in the south of
Morocco with organizations that we are
[01:12:11.15]

[01:12:11.15]
making a plea for form of division it
doesn't mean that that did there are no
[01:12:18.18]

[01:12:18.18]
tensions in these regions I do think
that if you look at the Tunisian and
[01:12:32.00]

[01:12:32.00]
Moroccan Constitution they would say the
knives the provided for citizens this
[01:12:51.08]

[01:12:51.08]
has to be yeah yeah absolutely
so so formally there is no difference
[01:12:58.06]

[01:12:58.06]
between citizens but in the practice
discrimination social that since society
[01:13:06.14]

[01:13:06.14]
organization should address the
partnership address that politician
[01:13:10.06]

[01:13:10.06]
should do is only through dialogue and a
shame you know blaming in the public
[01:13:16.23]

[01:13:16.23]
space sphere of this kind of
discriminatory basis
[01:13:23.08]

[01:13:26.11]
kara and so people would post our
clients
[01:13:31.03]

[01:13:31.03]
International is just kind of like a
question that was asking about that's
[01:13:35.01]

[01:13:35.01]
kind of
[01:13:37.07]

[01:13:38.19]
so what did the whole question of the
CLA's arrow and is we very problematic
[01:13:46.18]

[01:13:46.18]
one because it has been is bigger you
know bigger report that has the United
[01:13:54.19]

[01:13:54.19]
States and since then and this and every
administration had also a different
[01:14:00.13]

[01:14:00.13]
stance on it so I think it's an internet
a very fundamental issue that has to be
[01:14:04.23]

[01:14:04.23]
fought within the United Nations and
this is an issue that that is that goes
[01:14:11.14]

[01:14:11.14]
beyond it's not so bad like this because
we cannot say it is discrimination
[01:14:16.05]

[01:14:16.05]
because because the UN only has its
views on it so you so I'm wondering if
[01:14:34.02]

[01:14:34.02]
you were able to find or sort of locate
so you talked about these sort of the
[01:14:40.18]

[01:14:40.18]
kind of the politics of memorialization
in peacemaking and the sort of violence
[01:14:48.14]

[01:14:48.14]
is some cases epistemic sort of symbolic
violence of cases actual literal
[01:14:53.18]

[01:14:53.18]
violence and i was wondering if you and
so he talked about the one that sort of
[01:14:59.12]

[01:14:59.12]
struck me is the doing away with the
sort of the three hands the sort of
[01:15:03.18]

[01:15:03.18]
community and I'm kind I'm wondering if
if part of your project or if you are
[01:15:08.17]

[01:15:08.17]
able to locate different local groups or
different communities that were engaging
[01:15:14.20]

[01:15:14.20]
in
making in a different way as a
[01:15:17.09]

[01:15:17.09]
heightened form of resistance or the
sort of alternative to that kind of
[01:15:22.19]

[01:15:22.19]
neoliberal militarized top-down relation
of here talking about yeah differently
[01:15:34.11]

[01:15:50.18]
process and there is the bottom
patient at often times dog
[01:15:59.02]

[01:15:59.02]
or not
[01:16:01.11]

[01:16:02.09]
there's definite
the two happening all the Simons
[01:16:08.00]

[01:16:08.00]
in all the cases that I lived
[01:16:11.12]

[01:16:16.11]
but the kind of difference is
the ones that people actually create
[01:16:25.01]

[01:16:25.01]
with ones that are often called sort of
collective
[01:16:33.17]

[01:16:34.07]
if easily removable whereas the other is
so it's not a very equal battle between
[01:16:41.18]

[01:16:41.18]
the forces with
[01:16:46.06]

[01:16:50.06]
different groups have contacted me sort
of their marks on Ashley
[01:16:58.21]

[01:17:03.15]
and so different groups had come in like
left their marks which we study that
[01:17:09.18]

[01:17:09.18]
have also memory memorials like people
have scratched name or comments around
[01:17:21.12]

[01:17:28.00]
we do so so memory is always through it
even the hot events are always changing
[01:17:34.14]

[01:17:34.14]
that way for example septums statue in
virgo square
[01:17:39.23]

[01:17:39.23]
by the moment that was televised all
over the world when that broth was
[01:17:46.03]

[01:17:46.03]
brought down to be melted
[01:17:49.10]

[01:17:50.06]
artificials so you can see how memory
can kind of morph into new types of we
[01:17:59.13]

[01:18:00.02]
so differently reading equipment but
what I found really and probably most
[01:18:04.19]

[01:18:04.19]
interesting and I think it's that flyer
or how artists took us and reconstructed
[01:18:11.21]

[01:18:11.21]
in not in that space with that spaces
mallet right
[01:18:17.00]

[01:18:17.00]
but they took and reconstructed that
memory part in various forms it was on
[01:18:22.23]

[01:18:22.23]
display nationally visual arts projects
with it so also taking control over that
[01:18:32.23]

[01:18:32.23]
memory and adding or editing so we must
understand that we've not limited to the
[01:18:43.13]

[01:18:43.13]
physical anymore in terms of memory
making so there's all of that
[01:18:49.04]

[01:19:01.20]
well it is my it's my privilege to
provide a kind of a brief summation of
[01:19:09.04]

[01:19:09.04]
some of the sort of common themes that I
saw running and so this was panel was
[01:19:15.09]

[01:19:15.09]
designed deliberately broad ly as you
can see we had a wide variety of of
[01:19:24.19]

[01:19:24.19]
engagements with a kind of an idea of
sustainability and that was not that was
[01:19:30.20]

[01:19:30.20]
not an accident and I think that the
speakers here kind of in their or kind
[01:19:37.06]

[01:19:37.06]
of demonstrate why there is an
importance to thinking about
[01:19:43.07]

[01:19:43.07]
sustainability not as a sort of a
definition but as a sort of a sort of
[01:19:51.07]

[01:19:51.07]
touchstone for conversation and it
strikes me that it may be in this case
[01:19:57.23]

[01:19:57.23]
less important to talk about what
sustainability is with a capital S and
[01:20:03.17]

[01:20:03.17]
to think about what in what thinking
about it or using it as a kind of a
[01:20:09.01]

[01:20:09.01]
framework for discussion or engagement
with other groups enables us to do what
[01:20:13.04]

[01:20:13.04]
does it enable us to talk about what
kind of conversations but also what
[01:20:17.22]

[01:20:17.22]
sorts of things does that framework
write out and the kind of idea of being
[01:20:23.08]

[01:20:23.08]
lost in translation I think is important
here so I came up with a couple of sort
[01:20:28.06]

[01:20:28.06]
of broad things that I think run through
all of the papers of kind of lessons or
[01:20:34.10]

[01:20:34.10]
sort of takeaways about thinking about
this thing called sustainability the
[01:20:39.04]

[01:20:39.04]
sort of framework in particular in
regards to the middle east and north
[01:20:44.23]

[01:20:44.23]
the first is the importance of coupling
sustainability with with social issues
[01:20:52.06]

[01:20:52.06]
that was something which ran throughout
so it means a definition sustainability
[01:20:58.20]

[01:20:58.20]
or looking at sustainability not just as
a sort of an environmental thing or a
[01:21:02.06]

[01:21:02.06]
sort of a technical thing but also is
being deeply embedded in social issues
[01:21:05.21]

[01:21:05.21]
and particularly issues of social of
social justice that seems to be
[01:21:11.19]

[01:21:11.19]
something of witches which is critical
in this case second is the importance of
[01:21:20.08]

[01:21:20.08]
the local in any sort of projects or any
sort of plans or any sort of notions or
[01:21:27.14]

[01:21:27.14]
engagements about what sustainability is
and what it can bring the local seems to
[01:21:33.02]

[01:21:33.02]
be more important even than the sort of
you know the sort of global and
[01:21:37.16]

[01:21:37.16]
similarly sort of a bottoms or a sort of
a grassroots approach seems to be
[01:21:45.06]

[01:21:45.06]
starting with a grassroots approach
seems to be more fruitful than working
[01:21:51.07]

[01:21:51.07]
from a kind of a top a top-down approach
third the idea that sustainability is
[01:22:04.18]

[01:22:04.18]
political and not just political in the
sense of organized political or social
[01:22:11.08]

[01:22:11.08]
movements although I think that is the
case when you talk about the involvement
[01:22:15.12]

[01:22:15.12]
of nation-states in
ability programs and their engagement
[01:22:19.02]

[01:22:19.02]
with international bodies but I'm also
talking about political in a kind of a
[01:22:24.09]

[01:22:24.09]
wider sense of the sentence that
politics we can think of it as contests
[01:22:29.22]

[01:22:29.22]
over power and authority and the kind of
contests over power and authority that
[01:22:35.06]

[01:22:35.06]
don't happen within the state or don't
happen this local level can so for
[01:22:40.23]

[01:22:40.23]
example when I was talking about dr.
Milot I was talking about the the sort
[01:22:47.19]

[01:22:47.19]
of the attempts of these people to
people to kind of write on the arch and
[01:22:53.02]

[01:22:53.02]
getting a race that is a form of
politics and it's a form of politics
[01:22:59.06]

[01:22:59.06]
that often gets written out that we need
to be attentive to and also the idea
[01:23:02.23]

[01:23:02.23]
that in those political contests it's
not always a fair fight right there's
[01:23:10.06]

[01:23:10.06]
generally one power or one group that
has more legitimacy that has more
[01:23:15.23]

[01:23:15.23]
resources that has more power so to be
attentive to that the stakes involved to
[01:23:22.06]

[01:23:22.06]
be attentive to politics kind of writ
large but also to what voices are are
[01:23:29.15]

[01:23:29.15]
being written out of those politics
which voices are not being represented
[01:23:33.18]

[01:23:33.18]
which voices are views
dr. Matta means about the feminine of
[01:23:39.21]

[01:23:39.21]
the efforts of feminist groups touted as
being sort of seen or sort of
[01:23:43.05]

[01:23:43.05]
represented although they've made you
know tremendous strides we have taken a
[01:23:46.09]

[01:23:46.09]
tremendous amount of risk what sorts of
practices or ideas are not legible
[01:23:52.19]

[01:23:52.19]
within ideas of sustainability as they
sort of exist the fourth thing is the
[01:24:02.11]

[01:24:02.11]
sort of political social and moral
salience of religion and the importance
[01:24:08.07]

[01:24:08.07]
of translation so which is not to reduce
issues of sustainability or social
[01:24:13.23]

[01:24:13.23]
issues to a kind of you know visit about
religion because it's about the Middle
[01:24:18.23]

[01:24:18.23]
East but to look at the ways in which
religion may intersect with other kinds
[01:24:26.16]

[01:24:26.16]
of courses so the title translating
sustainability I think becomes very
[01:24:32.06]

[01:24:32.06]
important is a necessity for that
translation to happen and religion is
[01:24:36.20]

[01:24:36.20]
one of many elements have to do it
and then finally it doesn't sound too
[01:24:42.12]

[01:24:42.12]
self-serving I think all of these papers
underline the importance of the social
[01:24:47.22]

[01:24:47.22]
sciences and the humanities and their
contributions to sustainability IP
[01:24:53.08]

[01:24:53.08]
address in a million debates about it
and battles over it generally our
[01:24:57.22]

[01:24:57.22]
disciplines have a very important role
to play in that and I think they can
[01:25:04.19]

[01:25:04.19]
often be conveniently overlooked but I
think it's it moves us to fight for a
[01:25:09.18]

[01:25:09.18]
place for sort of humanistic and social
sciences within the broader sort of
[01:25:15.02]

[01:25:15.02]
apparatus of thinking about these very
pressing
[01:25:21.21]