Feasibility Assessment of Microwave Power Beaming for Small Satellites

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Author(s)
Lafleur, Jarret M.
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Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering
The Daniel Guggenheim School of Aeronautics was established in 1931, with a name change in 1962 to the School of Aerospace Engineering
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Abstract
While wireless power transmission to fulfill Earth's energy needs has been widely popularized as a potential application of microwave power beaming, one space application that has remained relatively untouched is power beaming between satellites. This paper provides a system-level analysis illustrating the feasibility and limitations of power beaming within a small-satellite cluster. To accomplish this analysis, the simple case of a two spacecraft system is examined. Parametric models of spacecraft power requirements as a function of eleven design variables allow for an extensive trade-space evaluation, and analysis is divided into four segments. First, the existence of feasible designs in the context of the small-satellite problem is verified with a Monte Carlo sweep of the design space. Next, a feasible baseline (reference) design is defined, and sensitivity of that baseline to individual variables is assessed. Finally, the design space is visualized with respect to distance between spacecraft, antenna diameter, and power independence factors. Despite optimistic assumptions in the setup of the problem, it is demonstrated that the small satellite power beaming design space is severely constrained. Only 6% of the design space falls under a suggested 250 W small satellite power constraint. Designs that are feasible involve very high transmission frequencies (>33 GHz), large antenna diameters for a small satellite (>0.93 m), and stringent proximity operations between satellites (within 740 m). Furthermore, full dependence of one spacecraft on power provided by another is shown to be effectively infeasible. These results do suggest, however, that inter-spacecraft microwave power beaming may deserve some consideration as a supplementary power mode for future small satellite clusters in short-term emergency or atypical situations.
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Date
2008-07
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Paper
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