Biological and Bionic Hands: Natural Neural Coding and Artificial Perception

Bensmaia, Sliman

Title:

Biological and Bionic Hands: Natural Neural Coding and Artificial Perception

dc.contributor.author	Bensmaia, Sliman
dc.contributor.corporatename	Georgia Institute of Technology. Neural Engineering Center	en_US
dc.contributor.corporatename	University of Chicago. Dept. of Organismal Biology and Anatomy	en_US
dc.date.accessioned	2018-02-05T16:47:24Z
dc.date.available	2018-02-05T16:47:24Z
dc.date.issued	2018-01-22
dc.description	Presented on January 22, 2018 at 11:15 a.m. in the Krone Engineered Biosystems Building, Room 1005.	en_US
dc.description	Sliman Bensmaia is an Associate Professor, Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy at the University of Chicago. His research interests focus on neural coding and the neural basis of perception.	en_US
dc.description	Runtime: 58:34 minutes	en_US
dc.description.abstract	Our ability to manipulate objects dexterously relies fundamentally on sensory signals originating from the hand. To restore motor function with upper-limb neuroprostheses requires that somatosensory feedback be provided to the tetraplegic patient or amputee. Given the complexity of state-of-the-art prosthetic limbs, and thus the huge state-space they can traverse, it is desirable to minimize the need of the patient to learn associations between events impinging upon the limbandarbitrary sensations. With this in mind, we seek to develop approaches to intuitively convey sensory information that is critical for object manipulation – information about contact location, pressure, and timing – through intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of primary somatosensory cortex (S1). To this end, we first explore how this information is naturally encoded in the cortex of (intact) non-human primates (Rhesus macaques). In stimulation experiments, we then show that we can elicit percepts that are projected to a specific localized patch of skin by stimulating neurons with corresponding receptive fields. Similarly, information about contact pressure is conveyed by invoking the natural neural code for pressure, which entails not only increasing the activation of local neurons but also recruiting adjacent neurons to signal an increase in pressure. In a real-time application, we demonstrate that animals can perform a pressure discrimination task equally well whether mechanical stimuli are delivered to their native fingers or to a prosthetic one. Finally, we propose that the timing of contact events can be signaled through phasic ICMS at the onset and offset of object contact that mimics the ubiquitous on and off responses observed in S1 to complement slowly-varying pressure-related feedback. We anticipate that the proposed biomimetic feedback will considerably increase the dexterity and embodiment of upper-limb neuroprostheses and will constitute an important step in restoring touch to individuals who have lost it.	en_US
dc.format.extent	58:34 minutes
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/1853/59328
dc.language.iso	en_US	en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseries	GT Neuro Seminar Series
dc.subject	Artificial touch	en_US
dc.subject	Biomimicry	en_US
dc.subject	Neuroscience	en_US
dc.subject	Prosthetics	en_US
dc.title	Biological and Bionic Hands: Natural Neural Coding and Artificial Perception	en_US
dc.type	Moving Image
dc.type.genre	Lecture
dspace.entity.type	Publication
local.contributor.corporatename	Neural Engineering Center
local.relation.ispartofseries	GT Neuro Seminar Series
relation.isOrgUnitOfPublication	c2e26044-257b-4ef6-8634-100dd836a06c
relation.isSeriesOfPublication	608bde12-7f29-495f-be22-ac0b124e68c5