Optimization of Early-Phase Cislunar Navigation Constellations for Users Near the Lunar South Pole
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Abstract
To meet the needs of burgeoning global scientific and strategic interest in cislunar
space, organizations such as NASA and the ESA have expressed interest in establishing
a cislunar-based position, navigation, and timing (PNT) system. Minimal
system implementations (defined as between 4 and 8 satellites) will provide critical
PNT services to near-term cislunar missions and set the stage for constellation
expansion and the establishment of a global lunar navigation service. This work
proposes a set of fixed metrics through which cislunar PNT constellations can be
evaluated, including: coverage, gap time, dilution of precision, user equivalent
range error, and stationkeeping costs. Several minimal implementations that are
proposed in literature are first examined, then optimized for certain design traits
to improve system performance. Finally, simulations are conducted to compare
constellation performance for end users - specifically ground stations and rovers.
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2023-08
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