Title:
Assessing the dose received by the victims of a radiological dispersal device with Geiger-Mueller detectors
Assessing the dose received by the victims of a radiological dispersal device with Geiger-Mueller detectors
Author(s)
Manger, Ryan Paul
Advisor(s)
Hertel, Nolan E.
Editor(s)
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Abstract
This research investigates the use of G-M counters to triage the individuals who have been exposed
to a Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD). Upon being exposed to an RDD, inhalation of the
airborne radionuclide is a method which someone can receive a considerable amount of dose.
Bioassay via analysis of excreta is a commonly used method of determining the dose received, yet it
would be cumbersome if there are a large number of people needing to be screened. An in vivo
method must be considered so that a non-intrusive and more efficient triaging method can be
implemented. Whole body counters are commonly used in counting facilities as an in vivo bioassay
method, yet they are limited in number and not easily portable. Therefore, a more portable and more
common detection device should be considered. G-M survey meters are common devices that are
highly portable, making them ideal candidates to fulfill this necessity. The ease of use contributes to
the viability of the device as a portable, in vivo screening device. To analyze this detector, a Monte
Carlo model of the detector was created to be used in simulations with the Medical Internal
Radiation Dose phantoms. The detector was placed in a few locations on the phantoms. Four
locations were strategically chosen for detector placement: the posterior upper right torso, the
anterior upper right torso, the lateral upper thigh, and the anterior of the neck. Six phantoms were
considered: Reference Male, Female, Adipose Male, Adipose Female, Post Menopausal Adipose
Female, and a Child. Six radionuclides were investigated: Am-241, Co-60, Cs-137, I-131, Ir-192, and Sr-90. The nuclides were distributed throughout the phantoms according to Dose and Risk
Calculation Software, a code that determines how a radionuclide is distributed over time upon
inhalation, ingestion, or injection. A set of time dependent guidelines were developed, determining
the count rate per unit dose inhaled for each detector location and phantom type.
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Date Issued
2008-07-10
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