Title:
An In Vitro Investigation of the Flow Fields Through Bileaflet and Polymeric Prosthetic Heart Valves
An In Vitro Investigation of the Flow Fields Through Bileaflet and Polymeric Prosthetic Heart Valves
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Author(s)
Leo, Hwa Liang
Advisor(s)
Yoganathan, Ajit P.
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Abstract
Current designs of bileaflet mechanical heart valves (BMHVs) and trileaflet polymeric heart valves(TPHVs) are plagued by unacceptable levels of hemolysis and thrombus formation in critical areas thereby producing mediocre clinical performance. The objective of this study is: (1) to investigate the influence of BMHV designs on hinge flow characteristics, (2) to quantify the influence of hinge gap width tolerance in a BMHV
design, and (3) to investigate the influence of TPHV design on flow characteristics.
St. Jude Medical (SJM) provided four transparent mitral BMHVs: one 23 mm CarboMedics (CM), one 27 mm SJM Standard and two 27 mm prototype BHMVs with
altered hinge gap widths. Aortech Inc. provided three 23 mm aortic prototype TPHVs. Laser Doppler velocimetry and Particle Image velocimetry were used to measure flow velocity inside these valve prostheses. The flows through the valves were maintained within physiological limits.
All valves revealed Reynolds shear stress (RSS) levels greater than 200 Pa far exceeding the threshold for platelet activation and hemolysis. MHV hinge flows in the mitral position were characterized by a strong recirculation during ventricular diastole while leakage jets over and adjacent to leaflets were prominent during ventricular systole. CM hinge flow had higher RSS than in the SJM hinge. The large gap width hinge had the largest leakage jet size and highest RSS (>400 Pa) during ventricular diastole. The Standard gap width hinge showed better washout during systole and provided optimum hemodynamic performance than the prototype designs. In aortic prototype PHVs, elevated RSS conducive to hemolysis was observed along the central jet during systole and the leakage jet at the high central region inside the valve during diastole.
This study showed that hinge geometry designs and hinge gap width tolerance governed the success of the bileaflet MHV design. Also the performance of the three aortic PHVs is dependent on commissural designs and leaflet thicknesses. Owing to the critical nature flow fields on clinical outcomes studies such as the current study should be conducted in the pre-clinical evaluation phase for all new MHV or PHVs.
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Date Issued
2005-05-05
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23446906 bytes
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Text
Resource Subtype
Dissertation