Trade Studies on Lunar Navigation Satellite System Architectures
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Abstract
The global priority for space exploration is shifting towards lunar exploration, driven by ambitious efforts from both government agencies and commercial ventures. The Artemis program, led by NASA, represents a significant step in this direction, aiming to re-establish human presence on the Moon and pave the way for future missions to Mars through collaboration with international partners. The European Space Agency (ESA) is a key partner in the Artemis program, and it is also actively engaged in its own lunar exploration initiatives, including the Terrae Novae program and the Moonlight Programme, this last one focusing on innovative Communication and Navigation services near the Moon. Additionally, there is a growing number of planned lunar missions, making Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services critical for mission success. This study's objective is to expand on PNT solutions for lunar navigation, review in detail the PNT service requirements, and conduct trade studies considering the navigation performance of lunar navigation satellite systems for users on the surface of the Moon, users in orbit (including Low Lunar Orbit and Near-Rectilinear Halo Orbit) and landing on the Moon, to assess the compatibility of these systems with NASA's requirements, outlining the design process and methodology for achieving this goal. The results allow for the identification of the most sensitive elements that influence the design process, helping to find the most appropriate solution to meet the requirements of PNT services.
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2025-01
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