Cellular Packing, Mechanical Stress and the Evolution of Multicellularity

Jacobeen, Shane; Brandys, Colin G.; Graba, Elyes C.; Pentz, Jennifer T.; Ratcliff, William C.; Yunker, Peter J.

Title:

Cellular Packing, Mechanical Stress and the Evolution of Multicellularity

dc.contributor.author	Jacobeen, Shane
dc.contributor.author	Brandys, Colin G.
dc.contributor.author	Graba, Elyes C.
dc.contributor.author	Pentz, Jennifer T.
dc.contributor.author	Ratcliff, William C.
dc.contributor.author	Yunker, Peter J.
dc.contributor.corporatename	Georgia Institute of Technology. Center for the Science and Technology of Advanced Materials and Interfaces	en_US
dc.contributor.corporatename	Georgia Institute of Technology. School of Physics
dc.date.accessioned	2018-06-01T15:48:10Z
dc.date.available	2018-06-01T15:48:10Z
dc.date.issued	2018-04-19
dc.description	Presented at the Symposium on Soft Matter Forefronts "Contributed Talks", April 19, 2018, from 10:20 a.m.-11:10 a.m. at the Marcus Nanotechnology Building, Rooms 1116-1118, Georgia Tech.	en_US
dc.description	Chairs: Michael Tennenbaum & Alberto Fernandez-Nieves (Georgia Tech).	en_US
dc.description	Shane Jacobeen is with the Georgia Institute of Technology.	en_US
dc.description	Runtime: 09:46 minutes	en_US
dc.description.abstract	The evolution of multicellularity set the stage for sustained increases in organismal complexity. However, a fundamental aspect of this transition remains largely unknown: how do simple clusters of cells evolve increased size when confronted by forces capable of breaking intracellular bonds? Here we show that multicellular snowflake yeast clusters fracture due to crowding-induced mechanical stress. Over seven weeks (~291 generations) of daily selection for large size, snowflake clusters evolve to increase their radius 1.7-fold by reducing the accumulation of internal stress. During this period, cells within the clusters evolve to be more elongated, concomitant with a decrease in the cellular volume fraction of the clusters. The associated increase in free space reduces the internal stress caused by cellular growth, thus delaying fracture and increasing cluster size. This work demonstrates how readily natural selection finds simple, physical solutions to spatial constraints that limit the evolution of group size—a fundamental step in the evolution of multicellularity.	en_US
dc.description.sponsorship	Georgia Institute of Technology. College of Sciences	en_US
dc.description.sponsorship	Georgia Institute of Technology. Institute for Materials	en_US
dc.description.sponsorship	Georgia Institute of Technology. Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience	en_US
dc.description.sponsorship	Georgia Institute of Technology. School of Materials Science and Engineering	en_US
dc.description.sponsorship	Georgia Institute of Technology. School of Physics	en_US
dc.description.sponsorship	American Physical Society	en_US
dc.description.sponsorship	Exxon Mobil Corporation	en_US
dc.description.sponsorship	National Science Foundation (U.S.)	en_US
dc.format.extent	09:46 minutes
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/1853/59977
dc.language.iso	en_US	en_US
dc.publisher	Georgia Institute of Technology	en_US
dc.subject	Cellular growth	en_US
dc.subject	Multicellularity	en_US
dc.subject	Soft matter	en_US
dc.title	Cellular Packing, Mechanical Stress and the Evolution of Multicellularity	en_US
dc.type	Moving Image
dc.type.genre	Lecture
dspace.entity.type	Publication
local.contributor.author	Yunker, Peter J.
local.contributor.author	Ratcliff, William C.
local.contributor.corporatename	Soft Matter Incubator
local.contributor.corporatename	Center for the Science and Technology of Advanced Materials and Interfaces
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