Strengthening exposure limits for toxic substance combinations

Kostoff, Ronald N.

Title:

Strengthening exposure limits for toxic substance combinations

dc.contributor.author	Kostoff, Ronald N.
dc.contributor.corporatename	Georgia Institute of Technology. School of Public Policy	en_US
dc.date.accessioned	2019-06-03T19:30:43Z
dc.date.available	2019-06-03T19:30:43Z
dc.date.issued	2019
dc.description.abstract	Toxic stimuli exposure limits are typically based on single stressor experiments, but are presently applicable to toxic stimuli in isolation or in combination with other toxic stimuli. In the latter case, typically less of each constituent of the combination is required to cause damage compared to the amount determined from single stressor experiments. This monograph presents a simplified approach to improving regulatory exposure limits for toxic stimuli. The approach will partially account for the enhanced adverse effects of toxic stimuli combinations. It 1) assumes that all potential toxic stimuli to which an individual might be exposed have the same mechanisms/modes of action on biological mechanisms, and are, thus, indistinguishable by the impacted organism; 2) converts the doses of exposures to toxic stimuli to NOAEL fractions; 3) adds all the NOAEL fractions from these exposures to toxic stimuli; and 4) divides all the present exposure limits by the total number of NOAELs obtained. It would reduce present single-stressor-based exposure limits by an order of magnitude or more across the board. The newly posited approach does not account for hormetic, antagonistic, or synergistic effects of toxic stimuli in combination. It does not adjust for 1) low-dose toxicants with adverse effects that have been under-reported, or 2) exposure limits (like the OSHA PELs) that are orders of magnitude above levels shown by published single stressor studies to have caused adverse effects.	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61424
dc.language.iso	en_US	en_US
dc.publisher	Georgia Institute of Technology	en_US
dc.rights	Attribution 3.0 United States	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/	*
dc.subject	Toxic stimuli	en_US
dc.subject	Exposure limits	en_US
dc.subject	Single stressor experiments
dc.subject	Hormesis
dc.subject	Combined effects
dc.subject	Synergistic effects
dc.subject	Cumulative risk assessment
dc.title	Strengthening exposure limits for toxic substance combinations	en_US
dc.type	Text
dc.type.genre	Book
dspace.entity.type	Publication
local.contributor.corporatename	School of Public Policy
local.contributor.corporatename	Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts
relation.isOrgUnitOfPublication	a3789037-aec2-41bb-9888-1a95104b7f8c
relation.isOrgUnitOfPublication	b1049ff1-5166-442c-9e14-ad804b064e38