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Foley, James D.

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Investigating Multimedia Learning with Web Lectures

2006 , Day, Jason Allan , Foley, James D. , Catrambone, Richard

Naturalistic research has shown that a web lecture intervention that includes multimedia lectures studied before class, short homework assignments, and in-class application activities can increase students' grades and satisfaction. The multimedia lectures, called web lectures, are a combination of video, audio, and PowerPoint streamed over the web. This experimental study was motivated by a desire to understand the contribution of web lectures themselves to the web lecture intervention's success. Educational multimedia design guidelines from Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) were used to evaluate and hypothesize about the learning efficacy of three information-equivalent-Video+Audio+PPT (web lecture), Audio+PPT, PPT+Transcript-and one information-nonequivalent-PPT-Only-educational presentation conditions. 60 randomly assigned participants studied the educational materials and completed a posttest and exit survey. Participants in the web lecture condition performed statistically significantly better on the posttest than all other conditions, and survey responses indicated that participants perceived the combination of modalities used by web lectures as more educationally effective than those used in the other conditions. This study verifies the educational contribution of web lectures to the web lecture intervention, web lectures' educational effectiveness as standalone learning objects, and the value-added of video for educational multimedia. These results were not completely in line with our hypothesis based on CLT and CTML, suggesting these theories' limited applicability for multimedia presentations with characteristics of those used in this study. Several possible factors that might account for the results inconsistent with CLT and CTML are identified, including the visibility of gesture in the video and the length and subject matter of the presentations.

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Enhancing the Classroom Learning Experience with Web Lectures

2004 , Day, Jason Allan , Foley, James D. , Groeneweg, Remco , Van der Mast, Charles A.P.G.

In this paper, we present our vision and initial research results on the use of web lectures to enhance the classroom learning experience. By using web lectures to present lecture material in advance of class, more in-class time can be used for authentic and engaging learning activities. A formative evaluation and extensive pilot study have yielded promising results: hence we are further exploring this evolving concept.

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Visualizing Complex Hypermedia Networks through Multiple Hierarchical Views

1995 , Mukherjea, Sougata , Foley, James D. , Hudson, Scott E.

Our work concerns visualizing the information space of hypermedia systems using multiple hierarchical views. Although overview diagrams are useful for helping the user to navigate in a hypermedia system, for any real-world system they become too complicated and large to be really useful. This is because these diagrams represent complex network structures which are very difficult to visualize and comprehend. On the other hand, effective visualizations of hierarchies have been developed. Our strategy is to provide the user with different hierarchies, each giving a different perspective to the underlying information space, to help the user better comprehend the information. We propose an algorithm based on content and structural analysis to form hierarchies from hypermedia networks. The algorithm is automatic but can be guided by the user. The multiple hierarchies can be visualized in various ways. We give examples of the implementation of the algorithm on two hypermedia systems.

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A Pure Reasoning Engine for Programming by Demonstration

1994 , Frank, Martin Robert , Foley, James D.

We present an inference engine that can be used for creating Programming By Demonstration systems. The class of systems addressed are those which infer a state change description from examples of state. The engine can easily be incorporated into an existing design environment that provides an interactive object editor. The main design goals of the inference engine are responsiveness and generality. All demonstrational systems must respond quickly because of their interactive use. They should also be general- they should be able to make inferences for any attribute that the user may want to define by demonstration, and they should be able to treat any other attributes as parameters of this definition. The first goal, responsiveness, is best accommodated by limiting the number of attributes that the inference engine takes into consideration. This, however, is in obvious conflict with the second goal, generality. This conflict is intrinsic to the class of demonstrational system described above. The challenge is to find an algorithm which responds quickly, but does not heuristically limit the number of objects it looks at. We present such an algorithm in this paper. A companion paper describes Inference Bear, an actual demonstrational system that we have built using this inference engine and an existing user interface builder.

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The Development of an Educational Digital Library for Human-Centered Computing

2005 , Clarkson, Edward C. , Day, Jason Allan , Foley, James D.

Digital libraries have great potential to improve the educational experience. There are a wide variety of such repositories, especially those that focus on specifically on education. However, a survey of existing work shows that that there are relatively few which have both a narrow subject focus and ample affordances for content browsing. We present our prototype design and implementation for the HCC Education Digital Library (HCC EDL), which addresses this relatively sparse portion of the digital library design space. We also discuss our process for requirements gathering and its results, including the development of an HCI topic taxonomy.

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AASERT : scalable user interfaces

1999 , Foley, James D.

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Visualizing the World-Wide Web with the Navigational View Builder

1995 , Mukherjea, Sougata , Foley, James D.

Overview diagrams are one of the best tools for orientation and navigation in hypermedia systems. However, constructing effective overview diagrams is a challenging task. This paper describes the Navigational View Builder, a tool which allows the user to interactively create useful visualizations of the information space. It uses four strategies to form effective views. These are binding, clustering, filtering and hierarchization. These strategies use a combination of structural and content analysis of the underlying space for forming the visualizations. This paper discusses these strategies and shows how they can be applied for forming visualizations for the World-Wide Web.

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Enhancing the Classroom Learning Experience with Web Lectures: A Quasi-Experiment

2005 , Day, Jason Allan , Foley, James D.

In this paper, we present continuing research into the use of web lectures to enhance the classroom learning experience. By using web lectures to present lecture material in advance of class, more in-class time can be spent engaging students with authentic learning activities; our goal is to use class time for more learning by doing, less learning by listening. A longitudinal quasi-experiment was conducted during the Spring 2005 semester with two sections of the same course: one using web lectures and one using traditional lectures. The web lecture section’s grades were significantly higher than the lecture section, and web lecture students reported increasingly strong positive attitudes about the intervention. We also present multiple threads of future work motivated by these positive results.

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Providing access to graphical user interfaces : the mercator project

1996 , Mynatt, Elizabeth D. , Foley, James D.

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A Report of the NSF/IRIS Workshop

1995 , Berwick, Robert C. , Carroll, John M. (John Millar) , Connolly, Chris , Foley, James D. , Fox, Edward A. (Edward Alan) , Imielinski, Tomasz , Subrahmanian, V.S.

The Information, Robotics, and Intelligent Systems Division (IRIS) of the National Science Foundation commissioned a workshop to provide a set of recommendations concerning: 1. Opportunities for NSF's use of WWW for information delivery to the public and research communities. 2. Research which NSF in general and IRIS in particular should consider undertaking with respect to the WWW, its accessibility, and its usability. 3. Use of WWW as an experimental platform for collaborative efforts in the IRIS and computer science research communities, including potential enhancements to WWW in support of such collaborations. This report summarizes a set of strategic recommendations for NSF and elaborates a recommended research agenda surrounding the Web.

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