The development of production routes for fuels and chemicals from alternative resources (e.g. coal, gas, biomass) is one of the great
scientific challenges of the 21st century. Biomass is a particularly interesting resource because it is CO2 neutral and the only renewable
source of organic carbon. Different types of biomass and processes for their conversion will be introduced. Biodiesel and bioethanol will
be discussed as case studies for processes that are currently operated on a commercial scale. Promising alternatives based on hydrolysis
and fermentation, pyrolysis as well as gasification will be presented.