Welcome So my name's tracer Mertz I'm
a professor here in the physics

department and it's my great
pleasure to introduce Thorsten Ritz.

He's coming to us he's a professor in
the sixth apartment at U.C. Irvine.

But he's actually coming to
us all the way from Germany

where he's doing a sabbatical
right now in your lonesome.

And.

It's a true German it's education
was all in Germany Ph D.

he received in two thousand and
one from university of all but

in fact actually at that point he
had already come over stateside so.

Although it's from university of
all it did the work under caution

at the University of Illinois which is
actually how I got to know Thorsten

having joined the same group a couple
years after he left and so I've

had the pleasure of crossing house with
Thorsten many times over the years and

found his for US Navy so we're going to
hear a little bit about that today on

how once a mechanics may influence
sense the magnetic field.

So without further ado and
it all thank you.

What I'd like to do today
is to introduce you to

an emerging field to a new field and
signs that this country is to remember.

That has aspects that
are still exploratory and

I still raps a bit controversial
speculative shall we say

that and
when I was growing rapidly in a city.

Or in nature.

And in the national level.

I think I'm a little out of.

The match on the question we're trying
to address in quantum biology is whether

the road of quantum physics you know
this won't grow to enrich will describe

how atoms and subatomic particles with I
am a phenomenon that go along with that.

And this strange magical wealth and
then I hand

is also a description that is extremely
accurate in extremely powerful but

that nobody can refer understand or
comprehend when they met description

risen went up a separate time
Rick Renzi NASA player or

biological processes in power want
to know in other words I am and

I'm not in Balanchine ribbon organisms and
cells net and I'm going to explain and

when we understand the quantum
physics I'm not running at that.

Now when we talk about different
skills just to give you an idea.

That Iraq at as a physicist or
someone else in this range where we're

number one a standing the number around is
risk a Senate nominee Tirzah one billionth

of a neuter and that is the scare after
a small amount of crude maybe and

you know acid something that's a part of
the building blocks of the biological

molecules that we have in our bodies and
if you go after ten and

remember that I am a one tenth of
an animator about the distance between

two atoms in a chemical band and
then with a group of arrows

if you go to about one hundred nanometers
we're going into the skin of viruses and

then with a thousand and one that the
scale of South individual sour smell or

sounds of a curious that hour until you
get to something like a tennis ball

that consists of clearance of atoms.

And so quantum physics is
very much your left side

that side where we have a small particle
and then what we call classical

her neck is on the outside the back ten is
past and how they behave and none of us

would ever dream it who want to describe
how a tennis bad moves at describing how

average true ones of atoms in this tennis
barrack tie together were just talk about

the velocity and the position of that and
maybe the spend and written

exact ad that entailed that is in there
would describe that in a classical way.

So we should in some way in biology
that is also usually built out of

merely an bury and variance of
atoms think about organised and.

This.

Matter.

Well there is a trivial
way I want to be very.

Accurate about this because

we all believe there's a says
power to sit who understands the.

Of course at some fundamental level
everything is quantum mechanical.

So I want to describe how to atoms
from a band I need to do this with

quantum mechanics and I saw the quantum
mechanical Christians and they use

what I do in an to mechanics to describe
this impetuous right from the bottom up to

something like a can of chemistry where
I can understand how bands of formed

how different reactions are going on and
ultimately how the biomedical.

Are then created and then and

then a step back from there you will get
molecular biology which is essentially.

Using.

This underlying knowledge but then as
I'm just describing that Adam articles

that are interacting What are the parts of
the machinery said you have in our bodies

what are the particles that are important
if not there it doesn't work anymore and

so for and so it is kind of that
if you look at this picture

I'm going to kind of into all of you
add to Ruth that there is no debate or

controversy about this that at the bottom
of all of this life quantum physics and

so that's a trivial way in a way
that you could say that because X.

is a part of biology as it is a part of
everything that's under mental Deborah

when we start out with that's not
what we mean by quantum biology

when we talk about quantum Babaji think
about these weird phenomenon that exists.

Or I missed atomic and subatomic
scales level very hard to understand.

Easy to describe sometimes
mathematically and the question is do

some of these phenomena actually
matter and actually occur on the side.

I want to call responses.

So to get a grip back a flavor of what
this richness is here is you know one.

A Jewish example it's a quantum skier and
if you see something like this

where they know you have a skier who
risk through it is not in two parts but

you see this tracks one of them going to
a Latin the other one to the right of

the tree I mean Rick thank rawest is
probably a joke here you know there

is somebody playing a trick on you but
if you go down to the level of electron

that happens advertising you're a half
an electron that and take two separate

apps at the same I'm a can behave as
a wave and interfere with other things or

and that can disappear and reappear
after this kind of things and they're.

Run.

Out of quantum mechanics if there's
ever a mess at the very bottom and

that's again a family thing that Isabel
a very strange when we think about

doesn't as we think about that we had
a camera and that wasn't very sharp and

you don't have the best will Russian ever
think about it as a mess and questions

are like you happened yesterday you know
I was the battery under control as I was

stepping and then the bits over that back
when it comes to an measurements and.

Height of the fabric that's
a matter after essentially

a much resolution to regret and if you
have enough resolution you can determine

you know how accurate the rest
something is that's what we think and

you know after measurement from
the classical belted out of the limited by

the resolution after measure with
the limit of how accurate we can determine

the position of something depends on
how many megapixels you happen but

there's a limit you cannot determine
it with after the accuracy.

The interesting thing as we
look down into the smaller and

smaller patterns of the world there seems
to be a fundamental agreement under mental

fuzziness that is Nam as
the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and

actually if you read to translate
what Heisenberg set in jam and

Schaeffer then it's only a reaction
in the as an ISP and suppose.

And it's.

Going if you determine that so that.

This tennis ball with absolute accuracy
to back up the measurement and

you could do that then remember
at our fast if movement

whether it's at rest or whether it is
moving intimately and the other way round

if you read to determine in philosophy
with absolute accuracy you would have no

one commission about it position because
there is a quest claiming it as a myth but

you cannot prove any further that
is weird and essentially means

you cannot get the states to something
we cannot determine the last ity and

and last and speed and position at
the same time with absolute accuracy.

This is not just some
basic relationship but

there's an actual equation with actual
numbers so we can't tell if this.

Is measures of that much accuracy
when the other one has to be.

That much higher than at any.

One consequence of this is the following
what you see is an electron on our

left side of this wire that is then you
know becoming ill have a nice line says

interference lines and if you look very
carefully you will see that on the right

there is almost like a little phantom that
was appearing on the other side this is

an electron here time a red and
it shows the memes there

are a probability that I'm at that
electron to actually go through the.

Rest is equivalent to if you
throw a tennis ball number if you

want to get a random have to throw it over
to Rob you have to give it enough energy

that there is a small probability that
it could actually go through the ball

that's what we call tunneling and
it has to do

with Eisenberg present as principle if
you don't know exactly where something is

it's a very small probability it might
be on the other side of the well and.

Now.

Well the talk today I was not trying to

describe add cancer let me
go back actually one am

just we were an example in a very it's
a real phenomenon it matters a lot.

That the sun creates its energy
through the fusion processes work

in the way we work and less tunneling
were to occur in it and get enough and

if you as much energy out of the sun you
do so there's a real application of.

On the scale in this case of some.

Quite a bit of evidence
that end sematic reaction.

Depends our Absolutely this principle
of tunneling in order to work and

so what an enzyme that has essentially
secured a list of how it's

reactions chemical reactions
to happen faster and

that's true if you look at that carefully
it may happen faster than we should and

that's you include this effect of
tunneling that can we rise to even

faster and efficient reactions and
right now as part of this movement of.

Raf quantum Barrett There
are many more questions raised

may be wondering is important
as well our in things like.

You questions that are being created and
if that can be poor who would have big

impact on our campus illusion and
and that are of biology.

The our effects of time learning that
have to do with that eye catching in

capturing we again at least anecdotal
evidence of the supporting the ideas

of how doing as one example or
quantum biology examples of quantum

Da Vinci that I don't know have
time to go into detail in today so

I want to focus on just
right other topic today one

example of quantum biology which has to
do it into the magnetic compass of birds

just how I came into the world because
I heard I'll shorten the talk about.

When I was an undergraduate student.

And.

I was I think a second year student and

I was fascinated by this because
he suggested how pantomimic and

my playwright work in describing you know
the height of birds and things like that

and I was always fascinated by
biological problems and also like.

This is a wonderful topic backing on.

To understand we need to understand what
I've written I'm a man and that is known

as I'm in temperament so I'm going
temperamental where half the states where

you don't know whether an object is in one
state or the other that's like you had

a readiness gap which is a given that you
don't know whether the path is a life or

getting restless with my brain if you have
to do with spins we're up and down and

down and clearly when the measurement
of one hundred the measure meant.

Some correlation when one is
up the other one is down and

the respect you know since you are going
to excess is assists you know instead of

just calling these atoms and
current them hours and back so

I thought I'd like to get a little
demonstration of the thing and

with my now I'm wondering
do we have an hours and

a back in here that can actually have
a split second I asked Andrea back.

Now Babs in Riyadh I have
that is rather too bad now.

Thank you and that's Stan Grant who
was chair so yeah you know so well.

So it's a paper and there are grown and
I'm sad to read on the other end.

And so reading first as I
prepare a quantum state and

making sure that this one is
read what I want to read.

Because if I have now a thousand baps and
houses and

I wouldn't pay attention to ask Robert
then I would owners in a lot and nations

whether to first a secretary of state you
know a barrister with Greenough there and

Alice with red now what I want to do
is Iran should return to each other and

slowly spin least I'm not
sure that with the thing.

To do with the lamp and
then at some point I was there.

And then I would like to turn around and

show your audience what stage we're
in here so and responding down

here because this is the stage where we
don't respond well we're starting to.

Just.

Want to mechanically answer read
there wasn't Arab state you damn

right it is I don't know whether she was a
better green and so I do remember him and

the measurement is
the moment when I say start.

To turn around and show your status so
west coast I was a state

is red state is green
Now I did not read her

as a group it never meant I could have
figured that out and I had a very exact

exactly rotation time and I could have
figured out what were to reply but

without that this was a matter of
measurement at the ranking I don't know

the man and number of her throat and
read back state had to be written.

As news to stop and think that untangle it
that's the problem now I don't know what

was happening and what it was again as to
when the measurement and the necessary.

And stop.

Adam So
it's against America have to accept.

This is grain and Baptists left so again
in this case I put a little bit that.

Number in quantum so's
I couldn't do this so

in West Coast again I make the measurement
and then I'm going to say it and

I want to understand it OK now this is.

What is necessary for this to happen it
was necessary that the stage was prepared

that we had read and
set up in in the right way

it was not necessary that the writer
every lap of the same speak.

Just have a different waves pattern and

different you know things
that turn out there.

But the REM thing that
is strange about this.

Is a clue is.

That I made a measurement at Alice's point
so in this case I just said Star and

you heard it as well but that means that
Sampras travelling from me to you now.

When we talk about results we have.

Already lost a lot of
things over the years.

The time and
the distance between two things

it passes prepense on the observer
that's what Einstein thought or.

An object was flying by an observer
with high speed than the best and

we're trying to spell it's we're trying or
that you know unless there's a change and

the same with the space between time and.

Anyway I can actually determine whether
something's out the same place or

at a different act to do with

Iran with Pogues to transmit information
from one side to the other and that.

The Tenet who happened has it
is that the absolute maximum.

Every measurement is handed.

So as to that exactly at the moment when
the measurement is done at the point.

Alice Asso back state collapses
as we say in our lingo and

just opposite the compliment truth it has
to be it doesn't seem that information is

in traps it's just lapses into it
at exactly the same moment and

that is about eating
everything that you know we.

Stood for and so difficult to understand
unless you're in good company.

You know interaction at a distance and
asked So you know suggest that this type

of experiment and thing with can possibly
happen at the measurements the dam and

it does happen thank you
very much as a bad apple.

So when half the size and hammer of better
and better but well let's assume for

a man I do if we could actually
use this one corruption I think

this could be a binary code where
I encrypt red and green and

sad and the other that will
just get the opposite so

I could run on corruption when the two
run with map and useful with them later

apart from each other and so
there's a little bit of competition.

And the latest record of them in China
where they actually went through satellite

in and Congress there were.

Several thousand miles
away from each other and

again at exactly the same question when
one measurement is done on the other you

are happy complimentary state appearing
on the other side it's a wonderful thing

if it can work because nobody can
listen then because the listening in

a measurement in would destroy
disentangled state so in our.

Method if you can do it this way so this.

You know it's a little bit of
saying what is written then

I can state whether it's to quantum
states that are mixed together and so

that's what we have with anger manned and
it's.

Like a real phenomenon we happiest
were to be happiest switching between

one state in the other and back and
forth and that's going on.

Resto is at the heart after magnetic
compass on earth and switch the birds.

Ripping Robin which is the animal that.

Has been static and every time they're
suspicious packages that an animal

the reason I study it has nothing
to do with that this animal is

particularly interesting it has something
that makes it easier to study it.

Just a true artist and
I reason so example a lot.

More about how she was done under six.

Member status and so forth and

it's not because it's a particularly good
at memorizing things or other things but

it has a very basic no self so
it's easy to take recordings from it and

so that's why a lot of history was done
on the Supreme so right working rabbits.

Your parents are so if you look at.

Their distribution is the number
of European regions so

this is why there are here and then apps
you're in Scandinavia and we'll have them

in the summer are going and
then in Southern Europe Mediterranean and

Northern Africa I would have only in
the winter where our distant migrant.

Birds migrate.

Now it has something to do with
the well ability of fruit and so on and

it's not as easy as that about
say I grimace as normal for

two as well somewhere else that's
happening but if there's a generation

that has to Milford the next generation
their kids will microbe more so

maybe something happens if
the members of the privileges and

higher nap during embryonic development
if there's a switch that is triggered and

something changes for the next
generation but that switches that.

You know we need I don't
know what to do and

what either Now it's genetic so
we can take a population that is.

Migratory and with in for generations
you can have a fairly migratory and

migratory population that's possible
to do and of course with a quick.

But that's my question that we've got now
there's many more questions related to

migration we don't know but
one question with a little bit about is

how do when I went to my right so that's
another question however now it's about.

Now some of them have and
were crap just as someone who go on less

just another way of saying we don't
know if I'm Abbott and your clockworks.

That avarice a simple curve from
the outside and that is the bell rang

and hottest and
the two that the biscuit number and

I would spend and it's time to migrate
back north so with European Robins.

You keep them out of the winter on
a twelve hour by twelve hour day.

And then change that to sixteen
hours day and hour as night and

within about a really well stacked
in with Michael Terry state and

it's a room grip fund raiser logical
state so dead there happens faster

better temperature it's like the elevator
you can't really tell so less and it's for

about a six week period and
in this age of migratory unrest.

And so
what you do is you trigger this year so

that it starts somewhere in mid January
when I'll be undergraduates a back.

In will lap experiments.

So it's not just a three day night it's
also good for the birds because after

about six weeks you're now in mid
February or end of February and

you know the Test series is over
let them recover it with them.

And so then when I can certainly
comes around when I'm in my grade and

you just let them see the sun and
let them migrate forward and

release them into the outback and while
we're at it there's many things by Mr Dunn

we're concerned about the effect on the
birds and we're doing them right I would

have actually if you would have them after
birth that were tested the year before to

come just back next year and they were
probably happy with that in the map for

the winter and just stay there so
that's a reasonable.

European ROBINSON OK so
I guess there's a second there.

If you look at the path of European
robins and you see that they're actually

depending on where we originate from they
would be different and I asked on the time

of some produce birth from someone Sweden
when the South were just in the winter.

Passed so
much would protect their kind and

they use an easy route they
use a rocket it's outs and

that ass of ice the Mediterranean
that goes to Europe Spain and

then crosses the Mediterranean where
there's not a lot of times and

that's a reprimand and in a half
temperate underway on the way back

they want to get back to Metz But yes they
cancel they're just there straits and

they can route that and so on so what
you have to do some to do at some point.

I would tell a path is clearly set you
know I'm trying to do measurements right

where some of them may turn one way and
others the other way and so

Frankfurt just happens to sit at a good
order and that measurement gather

and it was this couple here I scan and and

hospital which go on the left and right
and in the middle is the driver we had.

This is the natural habitat
that wonderful biologists So

if you have a Grant who wants to be
a member now you know we should happen

at a farm joggers you know any
barrier she would questions and

have actually asked them a few of her
five hundred thousand dollar question and

I knew that I was not the answer but they
were telling an anecdote about how they

tried to see this animal or
whatever the story was about up there and

if you can wrestle on the boats
with the back and I am.

A native by them they had
a great aunt who biologists and.

Sixty seven and the question.

People just watched birds and observed and
scientists the same thing the question was

could you in the lab see something
that is related to just the flight so

what we were tourists they were just.

During my winter season and
putting into a better coach and

best coach they can produce right but
they can set a flat or a ramp there.

I'm discouraged with some
scratch paper remember.

What you say is that of course
the scratch Maxell ever but

there's clearly a preferred direction of
rugby try to go rep erection happen to

coincide wrist the migratory direction
of the time less Well see now and

then and I guess that ripples at the time
and they shout that this is really.

A correspondence between the flight and
what happened or

what Rush can know what it was that
some birds that were in metallic.

Differently than other birds and so he
remembered some aren't ideas about there

may be a magnetic compartment there and
he started investigating that and

so what you can do is you can just
quote some close about this in the.

Wrist this high tech ass a container

that's that's the family where
the bird fits in wrists.

And on top of that is now just
a measurement of the field and

then on the outside we have acquired
systems that are in the magnetic and

right you find a S If you look at
which where the boats are heading and

the manner you know of an altitude
up there having magnetic north but.

Not into a different direction it will
go to the point and it not and so

this is an experiment where I
don't have access to the Sam and

I know information that could also and
that's also influence when they go up and

so risk everything that they
have a magnetic number for

her stuff and that this was actually
you know it was an idea before

that happened to ask a place where
the convincing arm and that was and

Bishop of Hampton sixty six actually more
than fifty years or now that it took him

about it was to actually get published and
want to believe it and so we had to.

Spends and so forth.

This has been record.

With other animals with a thing in
animals and weapons labs many times so

it's the workhorse of the magnetic
compass either today.

That's a couple of teachers
about this campus or third So

that kind of interesting one of them
asked if I had a compass needle I use

your i Phone app or whatever to share
where is North Ridge finder for

Pakistan reckon the US is where
I'm like no I got a compass on.

The compass needle was just picking up the
horizontal component of the magnetic field

the magnetic field after
has a radical component but

actually armed more like
this when we look at it.

And if.

And when arms to Europe were to change
this radical component so that instead of.

A magnetic field ripping pointing
north and up a compass needle.

Just attack north it wouldn't be a change
I wish it were some experiment with

Barrett's direction in
the opposite direction.

And around as you flip
back to comparing And

the corollary to that is if you actually
was the magnetic north and south but

that's one change that direction
broken in the same direction as for.

What they seem to be interested
in it's not so much whether or

not a south but whether B.

Go to have the predator because this angle
ask the metal in the horizon changes or

perpendicular to be Earth parallel
to the earth at the equator and

then perpendicular to the other
direction again when it's the next or so

if you have a genetic pair and the tires
you got to read the magnetic field gross

shallower number of fantasy critter and

if you go to Red get step or
two that's one of the perils and

the problem is when you're right at
the equator and in if you do have but

a magnetic that is wrapped
a pointing north they do not aren't.

They only have to make.

The spokes.

Asked so
if the magnetic route is reversing

because you know it's the same program and
it passed through that.

Jurassic a time scale of one hundred
thousand years or so and so maybe

there's a reason for that for this program
and if it's an interesting feature or.

Not ever brought species has been
tested for growth into about thirteen.

Earth that have been shown
to have a magnetic compass.

And about cannot happen tested for
this mission a deep anger

at everything around it has been
tested where it has shown to have.

A nation type.

K..

Or the.

Let me.

Let me do this to rest with.

That.

Magnetic compass and

with migration that's just a bit of a red
herring it's just easier to test them and

to animal because we know where they
want to go that we can't remember and

that's something we have to condition
them in first have to get them to

move in a direction consistently so we
have to wrap them in some way in rescues

what you do recent trend a chicken
will remember I would tell you animal

to Rep table tennis ball sweat a little
table tennis it means the first things

that serious when it happens that instance
it's mom so that you put it in a room

where the last screens that
you can see through and

through the strength on the top
that run off the different screen

while the bird is in a patsy glass
things that can come out and

then let the actually last and it will
run to answer ma'am and I would be happy.

And tell it expects the mom to be
still behind the South Street and

pass to the Grand this
time without the mom and

he will find that the protests aren't
necessarily grow sour but of course I

am not a south it picks the right axis
it doesn't necessarily pick the right.

Group to rest often as you can see
this is the actual rather tight it's

not you know one hundred I'm not of the
allergy and there's a clear preference for

that axis where the man must be or
I am and

so this is the type of experiment to show
a compass for a number I get very adamant.

I only just the last letter Koocher and

there is some hand that Adam has
made not only detect the direction

I like metaphor but
also their position and.

That is that social services may be
the most dramatic demonstration of.

That sometimes as we
know from finding more.

And they're actually pretty bad
sumus we have to go through this and

wreck east Australian current as
the Pacific is the mass Atlantic gyre.

And so from both.

Start swimming in the stratosphere and for
some problem points for example the gas

stream is splitting into going to stretch
it out to Grettir they need to make

sure they take the right track you're
right you can burst in poker especially

Hatch turtle you cut it in a little
harness and swim back on them anywhere and

he can see which way it's on and
then give it the magnetic condition that

a read on counter at this point and
rocking see is a response by swimming.

So that is it in this big turn and

you know if you do this point over it on
insta what's the lesson actually slightly

left of West if you look after him if
you were to do the measurement for

point out of it in
the center of the car and

when a map is out over the her gyro it
doesn't work if you're in the middle or

somewhere else then it doesn't know
when to go and as long as you invest

it things to you know get some
information from the magnetic and

if that were to be
encountered at that point.

Remember how that works.

Perfectly with much harder
to do with the fact that we.

But if have so I guess this implanted
genes and happen ever travel this thing

very bad Madam am telling it how to do it
or just freshly hatched and or stir now or

somehow he managed somehow program OK so
I missed it.

If you work in the Bird's Eye and that
receptor cell so we're just zooming in

here first in the eye then in the no play
off the eye where we have the four to

receptors that when a similar to ours and
then we go into our Kyra Bishan self OK.

Unself and I The politicians are also for
the boats and if I'm not in that between.

Everett lowers the Horta receptor as they
are this man a crew is called catacombs.

And when we ascribe to crimes we
have a neighbor with a parking but

in US medical resident or.

That's called then and
it is something that absorbs the.

Right range and when we pass
this it transfers an electron.

Now Iraq transport.

Erred in Iowa chain chemistry they
don't like to be torn apart if you

want to get them out of this resting state
you have to give them a lot of energy All

right there's a lot of energy in biology
so if this is the resting state and

this is a movement stage right is happier
if it's giving it a lot of energy so

this is now can't kick in the bank to get
up and after that so you can't separate.

Electrons and then half a single
electron actually a pair

of an economy has one that's
left behind and one that.

And one's two and
the Times after a property richest less so

every electronic is just moving around its
own axis I mean when you have a charge

that spending in a magnetic field
you can think of an electron for

our purposes as a matter net net of
merriment just like a little capital.

Niamey and
it creates a metal detector magnet.

Distro.

That runs.

Dispense with everything accept
their action and repeat together

that's the quantum mechanical super
I was saying and I also remember.

Cancer about one of them apart now
me now have two separate people

that I have separate them from
their pet However I still.

Don't after each other and what the.

Remember friends too if
you have a compass and

you are in a magnetic field it just aligns
itself that sense those things as spending

their money and this am spending thing
as if the direction of the magnificent.

Is actually something radius
never seen with and a Sucker M.

action around the magnetic.

Procession very much like the little
top you spin it and profit in Memphis I

worked at a booth and motion and
saw the same thing was happening here and

we created since my year to really like
strange mentions that you half and

so if you happen to know electronics left
they will start a parallel new class

of theirs with my friend afterall they
know Cancun opposite directions and

Afterall asses motion is both
like motion goes back and

then after marriage going in opposite
direction that's what we call our thing

that and trip that boat and
was shot to slacken from area to you

there's should remind you of it with the
read in the group state at this point and

it is in fact exactly
the same nice to address this

I agree as you have this intent to state
it reduced to electron spins in this case.

And then we can describe how it moves and
the net

effect of that EARTH MATTERS would matter
if the chemistry wouldn't be different

because in that encrypted state whether
the Spencer parallel antiparallel matters.

And some chemical reactions in amber
occur if you invest antiparallel

in the soap if you threw
the magnetic fluid not something

into the trap if they were in a bad state
it probably can rip I'm with the reaction

you have to more back was slowing down the
fabric progress after it's reaction and

where I really do think
the amount of things.

Are So once you change the concentration
of something when we can do molecular

biology and measure it in.

As many different ways how you could
miss but in essence at the heart of that

there is the sense of empathy to
make magic act these children.

You know electrons that you left in tango.

This is not just your theory we can
actually barracking not take medicals and

put them in a stupor so here we have
you know to America one is sick and

one is for rain and.

Look at this you know
the outcome of this and we have

the red curve is at the Earth's magnetic
field and the group if at two percent less

rapidly than the Earth's magnetic field in
a bet you will see is a good friend I am

chorus is the difference in the product of
that and the karma and that difference.

And a certain level as the medical
You can see that this acid depends

on the direction of the magnetic Let's
respect the medical city with directions

change from zero like one through
Chiron from zero to sixty degrees and

you see that in fact that can happen is
actually patent type chemical compound

one less not much doubt about that you can
blood how to type chemical composition

her make sure you are of the arts been
chemistry we use a nickname to use to do.

Once chemical reactions that it's not
clear is whether that's what's actually

happening in a bird.

That.

You know this is an physical
chemical standpoint

this is not just speculation but
it's by the mechanism of our need.

To find out whether business
is what's going on in the park

where the first that were first
thing is suppressed to use

right in order to trigger
this initial reaction.

So rapid and if you have total darkness
the magnetic compass of Earth.

And the promise the bright sampling of
imagine a European rim that's completely

Barack what would you do were just sit
where our and maybe there is where we and

I was the same thing the birds to have
happened in mass right to our selection

replying so we can do this experiment
in the same way a mass you can do

is you can look at different colors
of light that you give it as remember

saying that this receptor we thinking
about of the green light receptor so

maybe it overwrites on the blue and green
mad and not under other riffling And so

that has been done so we take
exactly the same experiment in just

with some distance right from top this is
where the looks like different colors and

what you find was found in an empty space
in the first experiment is this group or

pattern where I'm going to be right.

Right the birds are going to just fine
just as before but then there was a very

threshold just a little and then and
a yellow and red they didn't Orient and.

So that seems to match with this general
idea I will be exact Arctic match

exactly where the herd the receptor
properties of the columns and them unless

they're riskier might affect a magnetic
compass the star is much more complicated.

I don't have time to get into that.

Other problem with the measurements
it's the interpretation we work with

say that's the supporting of an idea
as it were green right receptor that is

trimming the metacarpal if you really want
to believe in that idea I should also

say well wait if you wake up in the world
as a red maybe you just get nervous and

you don't care about migrating anymore and
you just want to find I didn't place and

maybe that's what we see by
both of us are you and and

the basis of such an experiment you cannot
distinguish what is going on sometimes you

can find good contrary spat
that's the facade business OK So

that's one thing with a Right now I
was thinking crap into something where

that was not to the heart of the neck and

that it changed between saying that
entropy states because that's where.

The magnetic field.

How to change a single
into a truth that state.

Is an electromagnetic field that
has exactly the energy difference

it would assume that entropy states and
states so for.

The energy difference your
magnetic field between submit and.

Respond to having some radiation in
the range of about the frequency of about

one mega one million Hertz radio frequency
range and radio alarm are in America.

And.

Our data that I have.

And the program yes I can easily calculate
the spectrum if I assume you know remember

what the medical is exactly we have some
idea as it is a one partner but not a row.

That I wonder and I can't have met
a spectrum of the birds because I want to

get about a two to point a year that's
with the best group in the world out with

the best course so I have to determine
what I measure so what we did is we

first started out with just a drop and
see to get any effect and we did and then.

Went and did individual.

And neck massage Yes that aptness
frequency seven that one has two concerts

and so on down to about six hundred
fifty that's quite an attack us and

making a promise feel in it but

out a couple that's what I expected
would happen when you are.

Just range when you propose spins around
and then if you go nowhere seems to be

a transition region and
then at some point of time to anything in

a matter of apps are expected
remember the states Landreth for

ever had a finite lifetime and
so if you know better.

It's essentially like adding a lot of
the rest as they're going to expect and so

this is where much I responding to Rocky.

But you can say the same
thing as you can say well.

If you read the frequency of flutes
on the bird they get nervous and

they put it differently or are they listen
to radio and they don't care about make

rationing at Invesco smitten with
an answer because my something about.

That in Atlanta for this is fact a right
they need to have a particular direction

it's a bit like if you get if you have
someone on a swing you run to help

them by pushing you to push them in
the direction of the swing and if.

I declare direction nothing happens
you may break the swing but

you must win better and so in a similar
way in order to keep this Raksha this

growing to half this asymptotic
in a direction perpendicular

to magnetic field of the earth and so

what we did is to turn to Syria so
that it's Powell and he sat here at

Normandy all the offical was present so
if this first conceived

by itself would make the broad nervous
one would have expected that independent.

Direction to the US will
regret some of that.

And in fact in this two conditions here
to the right and the left the Emperor up

the ass about with the birth is the thing
because the WHO to ruin our example they

have the same frequency some strength then
and are and let us the different effect

and so this can only come because of
the different with respect the static and

let your strong evidence that
this is not in effect directly

on the spins as we're seeing it
a step indirect effect it is mad.

But ultimately like to do but let's pass

just summarize what has been a friend
of Chris a program right on the man and

his assistant or
risk calculating spin Hamiltonians and

the movement of things according to
quantum mechanical equations and

from this I'm trying to make
a prediction let's grant to happen.

Bert in an experiment
know nothing about the.

Receptors a powerful signal
processing about any off and

it's somehow that we learn something
which is quite remarkable.

You know how to push forward so
look out and in the field this is

not conclusive evidence this is Mike and
many questions.

Again interpretation is one
hundred A lot of control.

Issues is.

Being the magnitude of the first thing I
would like to do I would like to take it

out of the bird and
I would see the work you can do this with

a reply you can't do it with a magnet or
rebirth you don't have the technology.

And that has been a bit the problem
with for the last fifty years and

you have animals migratory birds
a sea turtle Now remember for

a wild animal that you cannot do
any more like a bad genetics to.

On ramp and you have animals at the right.

Adam isn't like a rabbit that says
we can do anything genetical.

Back where the magnetic.

Spirit was and hard to replicate and so

far now that we have found that
hair animal that can do back and

after many attempts to reverse a people
have tried and so they spend some

you know and it's like is it a matter of
better flyers in the background math is it

you know less if many attempts and Cooper
spent up to a decade usually trying and

then sometimes and usually it doesn't
work at the end maybe as a paper and

from them that it can actually be record
and so on that's the problem in our field.

The runtime to have a magnetic compass for
mankind to see that and

in a cruel reprehensible way that my
ass around to in an animal really can

relate them without the power of modern
genetics and mathematical balance.

Your approach that really is to say
well why don't you tell cryptochrome and

they're an organism you put it into
something like a salad that doesn't have

this ability and you try to get
magnetic sense that if we can do this

now whoever can prove that this can
work at the back and so it doesn't

that's what's going on the birds but the
report is on every different wrapping so

that the doing right now that's just
coming back to really you know.

Topic that estat out today
I hope I've written really.

This.

Because they.

Understand enough it can have
a direct influence on something

that is a really bad actually to comment
on Ressa Sensory Biology It's the sixth

sense this is a mysterious sense that we
try to understand happened it's really

really bash the last sense
where we have no idea.

And it has been progress if
not at this point you know to.

It's.

Absolute perhaps not some
surprise when we look at Balaji

not a bad logical reactions dramatic
in about trillions about there in back

a few atoms or maybe remember electrons
harder for the simple reason to transfer

a random act on across the membrane so it
was not so surprising maybe that some and

especially when you get a sensory allergy
where it is the detection of the roof your

molecules that need a quantum mechanics or
a playwright will induce

an ominous Wow And if you can ferret
out how this works in a room we have.

Right there remember how
gravity applicable under.

There clearly and number X..

Seem random biological phenomena but not
an asset and it is much more general and

now let me know how to do it and
what to look or will it work escalate and

who are I and much much more answers
could eat you know an exciting new era.

Of action this AM after it's.

Interesting.

That.

I am try to resign quantum computers or

I'm a mechanical engineering because
as I was a problem everything is so

messy right sir the best experiment that I
shot before she referred to a measurement

that's grabbed if you have two people in a
storeroom but if they're in the middle of

a hurricane what if the half that are
famous and drop these things all the time

and I've heard nurse the correction
between the states very quickly and

so the question is can we learn from
nature in some way how to do it there

in our technical applications I
read some things that from there so

that you know I'm interesting topic and.

Talk about an end to ask questions to each
other and I think very interdisciplinary

will happen very different people are so
far none to talk to.

Each other when forward I have.

Or a glimpse and let us with some
of the personal exactly how for

this a little bit about the Bill Clinton
has aches and I'm going to add addressing

something which I think is a great
mystery Balaji Thank you Ira for.

Really add a microphone last
question I can hear them and.

Russian identify.

About there is magnetic area drive ours.

So today we're focused on the quantum
side of things there's one

other competing they could actually try
the computing mechanisms of how this rig

Earth's magnetic field could affect
algebra and isn't that should the rate of

about ten times sweeter when you approach
madness as I say it's a rookie And

one of them is that they actually
have a little compass needle and

there are some of the Cheerio and
that has to.

It's kind of by the beach area and they.

Said mineral.

And that's so out in isn't really now the
battery response and if you know how it

works and so people have been looking when
we can find this and at that in birds and

if not sooner and sometimes it's
sort of the strata afterward and

there's a major paper that says yes they
found it a minute and a major paper but

as I was but I'm a map of ages and was
about her that as their metabolism and so

it goes back and forth it's certainly
about the time it was theory and I think.

Rather religious about things.

And I would ask her rather could run I
couldn't do better than the other half and

special as religion when it
comes to receptor property and

minaret were good as a way
of addressing right or

might want to have the rest are merely
ornamental men are going to cement.

Disagreed.

I would question of a connection
between Like want to.

Change between the so.

I don't.

Think.

That in time you cannot go.

With a.

Narrative of.

How to Write down the math so
in this case if they're if they're out.

In ten remand.

It's actually very similar to just.

When the fear is there some of
you just contemplate here and

now has to do with the preparation
of the state if you if you want to.

You know the difference
between country ends and

end with the right thing
here if this is actually in

Miami I just I would not under
the guise of quantum here and it lasts

as long as you have to score since between
the first relationship between these two.

Now that information and you can bet
there's mathematically in tandem and once

you have a spoon fed off a part of that in
a particular configuration at the onset.

Question.

Could I please go back again the process
Berridge you have a compound

with internal Belak transom the compound
splits apart and how bad is related to.

Navigation of the birds.

Are going to resume question to before so.

I'm electron spin.

And have a conspectus Marah.

In the magnetic field that there.

Is then sent to a different
medical the different.

Magnetic use of the fan so one of
the passes were to simply be holding I see

that spinning faster than the other one so
that means you get a change from parallel

to and type our intuition back is really
a rather escalation a just man I'm

going here and isolation between these two
states I'm so in time and yet it's really.

Actually in order to after a number

that you know you can't make
an argument it gets better with.

So that's one of the harder
mechanisms you have to internal field

that sets essentially the stage and

between the two markets that's important
you have a gradient internally.

Trying to get on top of that and that.

Mechanism.

Is the.

Research.

Predicting the.

Entrancing the problem.

And intent in training
a certain spend state.

In this context and generally speaking.

Generally speaking generally speaking
I mean this is something that people

try to address and you know what
your bets and the states are but

it's a bit removed from what we're
graphing here in our case Madame right.

Because essentially.

When we transfer with Europe when you
have a grant an excited state and

because of angular momentum conservation
you have a set spin state that you're in

and that's it you know reset
I this because it's been a.

Been a program for the rest of
our luck you can do in this case

it's not been a topic of
great interest for the.

Long.

But not marry off.

Just.

In the experiment like the change.

From At that point measure.

That's the way function of
the Congress I don't understand

the bird collapsing weight.

Is there a measurement process going on or
is just a nominal.

Sorrowful lapse of way function.

If you ran to answer the question in
detail yes essentially in the master

equation that you get when you come
from a free interaction and when you.

Break down the physics.

You get in describing that.

You know Master and assume you know
this different race of our e-mail.

Address essentially different.

Factors in in your master equation
that you're writing down.

From a practical plan so so

that's something that there are some
people as a person in Greece.

I was a couple episodes papers on this.

But it's very difficult to test because
you can't raise a burst of land in an hour

without any of that is where things are so
that upon experimentally where we could

distinguish between with different
ideas I ran after it and you just.

Examined passes because
you just read every.

A collapsing passes in just one first
order became kinetic that has everything

in the Bronx rather Rabun happened
in America just two chemicals and

solution you know and that's most of where
the studies were done when you look.

At the asses of the answer is
there is serious about it but

it's at this plant at a point
where you cannot distinguish the.

Start.

Reverse.

Anyone now.

So the masses grow question.

What happened in the time when
the reversal happens it's not like

you're flips from when
they are to the other but

usually what happens is first I
think is it goes down the total.

We're just about upping and

then splitting slowly it's a process
that takes about a thousand years so

it's quite possible the magnetic
compass might not work in that time.

So they are going to the samgha or

into the stars they have
IMO things that might work.

Is a hierarchy of things we ask how to
actually use the compass if you've ever

had was with a compass and a map what your
memories you take your map and compass.

What it wants now and
then try to match map with the lamp on.

The map and compass so I think it was.

The Brits might do
something some of the very.

Badly that suggest that they might
calibrate their Some compass

to the magnetic compass and set the
sentient if you change the magnetic field

at sunset of action the next and
then the birds may think the some

of my browsing witnessed but
in the north and accordingly and

then the rest of the day they will move
in with some direction until they reset

the next so it may be a much more
complicated relationship you know will

have a magnetic field is actually and
I would expect that there are some less.

Ability to orient amps and
there are many redundant systems and

natural gas or
works with populations ROBERTS But

then there's adverse that adapt quickly
and then how to use it and wishes and.

Thank you.