We'll have some perspectives from the
Ivan Allen College of East Asian studies

we have I think five weeks for

really good presenters and one who
may not be quite is quite up to par.

I want to start out with just offering
a few remarks about why East Asia

is important why does it matter it
matters for what talk about for reasons

economically politically technologically
and socio culturally economically it

accounts for about forty percent of world
economic activity so if you look at the.

Four of the countries in the region
are among the biggest countries

biggest economies on Earth with China
being number two Japan being number three

South Korea number thirteen and Taiwan
twenty six there are also major U.S.

trading partners so there import for that
reason if you add up the population of

the countries of East Asia it adds up to
about a quarter of the world's consumers

one purport for that reason and it's
provided a model of economic development

that I'll talk about in my remarks for
just a bit politically it's important

some of the world's most
powerful militaries are there.

That also happen to be in at least two
cases to possess nuclear weapons and

key U.S. allies and a couple of other
cases major potential flashpoints for

them starting with the thirty
eighth parallel and

you see a range of different
government types you've got mature

democracy in the case of Japan you have
consolidated democracy in the case

of South Korea Taiwan you have
communist states in the in the case of

China North Korea you have presidential
parliamentary authoritarian one man

dictatorships pretty much everything
when it comes to political regime types

technologically it's important patent
applications if you look at the.

Image at the very bottom right of
the slide their patent applications you

see that East Asia is part of the spiky
world that Richard Florida talks about

in his work China of course gave
us the four great inventions

it's more recently become the world's
workshop of the world's factory Japan.

I was the first non western country to
cross the industrial divide in Korea

today as a leading
technological leader and

then socio cultural tradition of China
dates back thirty five hundred years of

written history pretty pretty long time
to be around the edge of town also have

a unique culture is that represent
a unique blend of tradition of modernity

they've got distinctive languages
art cinema architecture drama.

Culturally and it incredibly interesting
important area of the world and

they offer important lessons stuffs to to
the Western world human capital investment

educational attainment and so
on why does Georgia Tech matter or

why does East Asia matter for
George attack.

I pulled out a few little snippets from
the strategic plan to sort of illustrate

this the education and research base of
the world is shifting east Georgia Tech

wants to be should be and is I think
an integral component of that shift

Georgia Tech's multi-discipline
plenary approach to problem solving

is something that would benefit from
having an East Asian perspective to it so

we say she has a point for that reason and
it's important that we educate

technologically sophisticated
leaders that have literacy and

geographic cultural and ethnic
diversity to go out into the world so

that's why it's important what we have
today are five perspectives from five

different units of the Ivan Allen college
each of which takes a different view and

either a research or innovative teaching
station and what we'll do I won't

introduce my distinguished
colleagues because I think they're.

Famous enough that they don't need me to
say that we have we'll start with Hunch

our then go to she and then high and
then Masato and I will not do that.

So no further ado.

All right thank you.

Thank everybody for
coming I know how busy.

This time of year is.

Kind of my research I actually agree
a couple of different things at the same

time but it's one of the.

Focus our most chart to put into a.

Timetable based in one thousand nine
hundred fifty S. one nine hundred sixty S.

and.

Seventy's so this is.

Thirty years of
the People's Republic China.

These first thirty years you know it's.

Very chaotic.

War of.

Ideology called children.

Which leads on sometimes in fire means.

On the verge of civil war.

And the whole purpose of
most continue revolution

is to wipe out the cross.

To be what we consider pure.

Parenting appreciate.

Where ever my research finds that
precisely in these thirty years of

so-called dictatorship of.

Craft still enjoy highly.

Significant level of privilege and.

They.

Lifestyle is.

Quite different from what we do or
imagine about communist

China Russia China people's sort
of People's Republic China.

So it seems while we have
less than ten minutes so

I wish you a few lines basically.

To illustrate a point then
come to some kind of.

Conclusion.

So my I will look at from
history perspective one is.

The process they live.

By So neighborhood because.

Of the historic so focused on they were.

The second thing is look
at the household income or

is the especially individual income.

Their father lifestyle.

Of these some of these individuals
is a lot of those details.

Well first of all the neighborhood
the priest they live this is the.

Father all the way home.

In Shanghai but also in part in part of.

A crowd around the city but here the focus
is because you know why choose shocked.

Because this kind of the most
advanced most westernized

most cosmopolitan city and
of course as a result.

Most so-called capitalist or
business people are there.

So these are the new home of.

Of Shanghai.

In the first thirty years and
in some ways.

And early twentieth century.

This is another scholarly warehouse it's
more or less like previous line loss.

Came from is a combination
of British rule Chinese all.

Of these.

There's also some poor people living
in show the car we don't have.

A sense diction their car
packed in the most time but

here is an inferno to show that
among the highlights in the middle

highlights of the show these are still
there although they are gradually just.

Appearing in.

In recent years.

But my focus were were those.

Hills people you know this is the one the
whole house just leaving one by one family

and they have all these modern
facilities inside including.

Including ballroom dancing
priest inside this.

Home.

There's another one.

For textiles and he still these
these house is still there and

the important part is these these
companies to be living in this house and

higher can't you know most region.

These these personally you learn.

His family textile factories and
so one of the major.

Entrepreneurs in People's Republic.

So all these are.

Home of cuddliest cross and
this is sort of the middle rival coverage

scar still living in five
decent neighborhoods.

Very some of the you know to just
give you a present perspective of.

Average household income.

Fifty sixty seventy is around
fifty to seventy yet per month.

That's for the middle class in
China is that we saw you compare

fifty to seven days with
income of these individual

peers are not considered
a particular sort of.

Big of companies car space
every couple east across.

The sea these type of.

Stuff.
Really this all come from kind of material

because it's not you
know sorry it's not open.

To.

Publication you only thought
I came out to search for it.

Here's a picture of Martin.

The young man in middle age with.

His family home.

Sadly in much of the law young.

Area so that part in one
hundred fifty six Mar sorry

about four friendly.

You know me you know person history
is close to the three soldiers.

That's all fishel.

So you look so he was very humble
actually much more than what body.

And there are some very
pictures in the fifty's.

Just look at the thing.

That is the very.

Best that.

He can opera.

Actors although it's not
really precise a couple.

By the Chinese ideological
label they are intellectual.

Truths enjoying a simpler lifestyle.

Entrepreneur.

I mean you can look at
the where these traditional.

Also called cheap are based on the
communism you know it's not like before

communist revolution so
they're still very sort of seen in many.

Of the young people.

Fashion themselves.

Of course here basically young men
question themselves as three are American.

Ramos and grass.

Bicycle with the German.

Flora for X. camera three are.

Something you're proud of but
consider that again.

As a.

Family.

Income it's only about fifty
when you buy a bicycle for

them easily cost about five hundred.

So it is just beyond
the reach of ordinary people.

So.

This is some of the conclusion and so

basically these poor live start
very quiet very pastoral and

age we usually say the age of three and
dictatorship.

So why does it matter.

I just give you one important I think
the real reasons that contribute

to the continuous of your lifestyle.

And I'm on the book is what
they're called United Front my

recent Chinese history
the Chinese comes party on its

opponent sometime enemy called
the Nationalist Party which just

lost the election in
Taiwan earlier this year.

To party hard sometimes work together for

a common goal in history to get
twice while in one hundred twenty

they work together against the world
trying to unify China China was divided by

war number two in one nine hundred thirty
S. and early part of nine hundred forty S.

We worked together against the Japanese
a question for these called a.

United Front.

Then there's always question
about sort of the United Front.

So how the reason Martin the communist
government to work a lot.

To me but.

Well.

All these things to happen is
because the US These people these

entrepreneurs these billions
of people were subject to.

United Front policy.

Ward very few research almost none
their search had done about you know so

I tried to look at the surge you know.

Which way you have a contemporary

implication because mainland Taiwan
is still trying to work together.

Under a large.

Category current.

You know Fred.

So for that reason the companies like
Star continue that's also in part

explain why today you know.

China becomes.

Who you are you see in many ways
right if you go to Shanghai.

I think Carol has been trying to run the
city you see a lot of part of China today

it's more companies and capitalist
more as regards than last week us.

Just crazy in that regard and

why why suddenly for
a country much might might like to this

North Korea trying to get under more
as much like North Korean to the.

Country shifter so quickly.

Ten twenty years have become so
cosmopolitan hardly there

is a feeling that the tide of
these Mrs Reagan legacy of.

Dictatorship very few people have.

Shown that I stand by some of the chatter
that two journos I got feedback

all these feedback says
there's never no nobody seems

all the laws they are supposed to
be you know where established sky.

Pilot side of the.

We see this project again as one of
my project fifty something else.

So I hope I do not see
the perfect they've already

got right on the money no
press back there are going to.

Get more from the B.S. from.

You.

So.

You can.

See some surprise.

I was.

In the one nine hundred seventy S.
is a quite a few years ago I myself

published an article on socialist a cinema
of the one nine hundred thirty S.

at the official.

Film you know the anti espionage film
in there I studied the cinematic

space under specifically
cinematic homeless you know.

Inhabited by all of these screen spies and
my attention was called to by all

about a war paper decoration in their home
this is so my research just went into how

come all the spies got to live in one of
these a whopping forty homes you know and

I just made some very pleasant
discoveries you know.

About that that organic own
ruling was as reality and

a representation such as cinema and also
it's kind of a funny surprise to discover

that in the one nine hundred fifty S. For
although many intellectuals are rich and

poor you know a large part of
the previous you know privileged

classes were condemned but
actually in reality the girls or

women from other families in this deal
would rather marry people without

political status but always the money
you know despite the contamination so

that kind of you know reality
that you do not quite to.

Received in the films you know so that was
part of my pleasure as a researcher and

my own research to talk about
what I have done before and

what I'm reaching into now before.

The book cover all the my first book
which came out to the year before

memories of directivity and independent
Chinese cinema and in this book and

mainly research into a whole
generation of the young generation of

filmmakers of all my call of the Forsaken
generation of post social history and

I am these the only because namely
born in the one nine hundred sixty S.

and grew up and
you know experienced in their child and

adolescence during the ending
years of high socialism and

then China you know start a reforms you
know and know that the you know the.

The historical scene change so for
this generation of Chinese you know they

experienced a very interesting
break in their in their.

Growth and believe the before they were
taught to believe we know that the future

will be socialist and communist and that
there will be you know the important be

understood what that future about now or
that you know prospect was coming and

they were constant and that's why the I
call them the four sippin generation

on rather the bastards of socialism and
that.

Break in their historical subjectivity was
reflected in the aesthetic Foreman and

of the narrative content seems to
include just factors in their films so

I started the independent
films from about two decades

ranging from the early one nine hundred
ninety six you around to two thousand and

ten and I stopped there but now a new
works are to kept from coming forth so

in those words I look
down to those narrative

films you know like feature films and
dark independent document.

Three years and some experimental
films and video as well and

I studied not only in the narratives and
characters but also the actual men agreed

to a form of cinema
including those in my town.

And there is it because of that he
introduced not only new stories about

based on their own unique experiences
of socialism Paul socialism and

also in the dead and
contributed the development of the film

language of you know
cinematic art through through

experimenting you know with
new forms of language so so

that is what my first
The book is about and

they're right now my current research
after the first book is is it's kind of

roughly in supreme directions that look
that everywhere first of all is certainly

going to continue looking at the new works
you know that kept coming forth from

from China these days in
the recent years in the.

In the.

Condition you know became a more
even more more severe than before.

Maybe you have already heard somewhere
that the Beijing Film Festival you know

closed down and interfered by
the police to several times and

I was there a while so you know and
I witnessed of that and

that kept you know they kept you know.

Julian the festival and the police kept
you know interfering in that down till

a couple of a couple of years ago and we
completely just closed down the thing and

even gravity the Grafton really the
freshest archive of the year independent

films there although you can still see
some of those films you know through other

resources but it was very shocking and
dismay you know you hear about that

I myself you know I was so I have been
keeping this list I haven't watched.

All of them because of my own you
know recent researches schedule and

also partly because of the difficulty and
greater difficulty of accessing these

films but still you know I was able
to see some sample was there and

there you constantly you still have
you know reportage you know we tax

is reported the most recent is perhaps
reveal a couple of days ago on the very

interesting experimental documentary
called to be Hamlet a directed by and

I watch the trailer is very beautiful
it's about the current developing into

an environmental problem and he he went
to I think many problems since that that

mainly screamed at me shown to the images
that you got from Inner Mongolia and

there you have just and the whole
documentary apparently is you know

without any narrative and
you know it's just a pure images and

he wanted to experiment
with that you know and

the images in this long shot
some piece of damaged and.

Devilishly beautiful images of destruction
and of pollution on the other hand

you have all of these powerful silent
concepts of these the coal miners

faces you know juxtaposing you know
the closeness and the distance you know

captured in there was any edges and that's
just one of the most a recent example so

I want to certainly keep my eye on
that and see what new works and

new exciting there were makers you know
that keep coming forth in the second

direction is kind of related by my my you
know this research in subjectivity and

what I said in that organic I'm really.

Organic I'm really process
through which history and

reality enter into representation
whether literature of film and

I'm very interested in that
there in concrete you know.

There is a concrete connection
between reality and

after he's been filtered through
creativity you know the filmmakers and

artists the mines are becoming
something else and so I'm doing

you know with the recent decades in I am
you know because of these filmmakers and

they were you know they're interested in
that process not you know socialism so

I myself was some became more interested
in the earlier years of you know

socialist China so
suggested going to thirty's that met my

my intellect and mentioned a few
cold war Chinese language cinema

so.

So for
example this this is simply one image from

one commercial film down by a director.

Who are left in China and to go to
left and I went to work in Hong Kong

to 1940's and
he himself used often considered

leftist in Hong Kong so he come here in
Hong Kong you have the culture seeing

divided into you became you know leftist
and directives to and somewhere in between

later when they're still brothers you know
came to Hong Kong and made or there was

a very famous entertaining martial arts
scene up there was up nineteen sixty's and

seventy's like the nineteen fifties
you know you had the political I mean

the movie scene divided between these
political camps or so to speak but

they still needed to because they were
in Hong Kong not in mainland China so

we needed to accommodate in the commercial
considerations and in order to.

Accommodate to the overseas Chinese
you know diaspora you know markets and

this was simply one image from
one nine hundred sixty S. really.

Or just three girls and
one man in some form till long.

In the works of director
George shilling and

at first my own original Our
research attention was to me.

The relationship history and
I think there is Jonathan's you know

these commercials are as produced
in Hong Kong and China as well but

then because of my I guess continuing
interest interest in the realm

of the individual you know the creative
individuals such as an artist or

filmmaker the role of a more
conscious more more conscious

create ever a subjectivity you know when
to some agency rather than just being you

know being a reflection of the times so
I found myself and I don't live in film

studies still I can draw into what record
her study is you know filmmaker or

third and I feel happy in a great
country a lot of control over the actual

text here and milk of their films so
in those films some director Jewish and

he was a mentor order generation
Chinese and a lot of confusion you know

thinks in his stories are quite
conventional Hollywood story telling as

well there is much inspired by
the Hollywood or Turner Ernster which

is very good in romantic comedies in the
1930's So he's saying his films you know

mainly into categories those comedies
are not exactly romantic comedies

it's is romantic comedy is was trying his
characteristics you know having a closer

relationship with Chinese families and
of the other kind or are younger and

within this return you know it is in the
opera films and my angle at knocking and

it is it is I mean if I have some key
words these are genuinely your words and

history spatiality subjectivity and
aesthetics So

I want to study like you know
how he will remain sees his.

Cinema.

In the classical opera you know kind
of space I also wanted to give my

self the opportunity to dig deeper into
you know the research into Chinese and

statics yet still at some point if I
can get from the on to the garden.

Budget and never been there yet
and then lastly going over time.

To five minutes just very cleverly asked I
am also because of my teaching you know he

stations so much and those are my
interest in this you know aesthetic.

Aesthetics you know so all I mean I also
find myself very joined with you know

Koreans and I'm Japanese and a particular
perhaps that Korean Cinemark because I do

realized like our histories you know had
some kind of all you know all points those

common Mizar semicolon lanced in China and
in this negotiation you know.

Identity and you know searching for
new language so

in just.

One of my research writing
system come temporary Korean or

who sounds very interested in the use
of the use of color and his his stories

about these you know very despondent
contemporary young intellectuals and

actually those are a reflection off of
the recent you know their current to

frustration with the recent and
contemporary.

Korean history and I find that you
know in our lives I find parallels

in Chinese a cinema as well and so on and
are certainly you know thinking back

Q My old Cold War era you know Chinese
language cinema Cold War era you know

Koreans than a lot I think a very
relevant as well so right now.

And exploring all these directions and
there and here is to see where they were

leading to thank you for.

Thanks Will.

My Poppy very different
probably much unless you just

go to Talk of all human
capital about thirty years.

Ten minutes just to make it.

OK so the importance of human
capital ideas well in a way it's.

Very important determinant of the old
A lot of research on this use Chinese data

and the hugh human capital is very
important for thirty plus years you can

grow and
also help the hands of the developing

You can all that and that he acknowledges.

That it is important to.

Help reduce poverty.

So the importance of human capital
is probably well known but

the measurement of human human have to
actually like to be handed out a lot

it is still ongoing or there is an
international effort that you're trying to

make your human capital in a comprehensive
way and the to make it a comparable across

nation You see countries doing
a lot of work in this part

is still not fully resolved
the specialty for human capital.

Measurement a comparable cross country
traditional measurement is made many years

education say the average year of
education a proposal of some kind of Greek

but that's usually it's a part we call it
a partial measurement of human capital so

now we talk up by a comprehensive
measurement of human capital

it is important.

To trysts the dynamics of human
capital and it's very important of for

empirical study now for any material study
would never use human capital we have only

one nation that is education and
another important thing is for

every country now the T.T.P. or come
to now there is a movement to correct.

Eight a call for
human capital status account as I say

you C.D.'s moving on that direction now.

We try to use international
internationally recognized mainstream

methodology you measuring human capital in
China but it is a very challenging their

Why is the method is not directly of
plaque both they are political there and

the big problem is they like hard data so
it is their arduous work of

connecting process and that data specially
for rural China and at a provincial

level at the national level is in the open
insidious much better but the rule and

provincial level especially the talk about
thirty year it's a very difficult so

we just we have a big project our human
capital project is starting to overweight

we have a big team of international
researchers and just didn't mean.

Most of the callers are from us different
universities and of course the students

some of Georgia Tech just did also
participate in a few years ago.

On this project this project
is sponsored by China in S.F.

for six years six seven years now and
also from a spatial

grant from the Central University
often as economics in Beijing.

The research outcome so
we have released I knew or

China Human Capital Report
starting to own nine so.

This year it's the eighth report now and
the report is in both Chinese and

English it's three peak books so one
is Chinese one English and the big book

technique appendix on this and every year.

In.

Connection with the release of
China Human Capital Report We also

host a international.

Friends are human capital now it's
become a very important international

conference in the human capital
real Every year a week we try to

limit a conference to be one day stop
mission usually go about one hundred or

so.

Accepting that rate is much lower than
normal conference that we take in a forty

percent to fifty percent of them.

And their research outcome.

That they are all freely available for

download We have all kind of humans have
to make human to four thirty province and

it's a real panel data from and
your data from Haiti filed to.

Plan D. and
this year we try to upgrade to Plan B.

thirteen it has a lot of
human capital measure.

We also put the raw data in
the process data for people to use

and because when they were your estimate
or presidential level production function

you want to have physical capital human
capital so as a byproduct we also estimate

official capital for
these things the leading researchers in.

Human capital estimate and
the fees are the.

Top scholars in this field for example
we use just to listen from any method of

a human to have to estimation is
a professor from you can you Harvard and

he had to visited.

BEIJING A couple of times for
this project and from many

Her name is a part of the project is
leading the team work there in Beijing.

Now quicker to go through some result this
is a traditional measure of human capital

based on education.

You can see in China they propose you know
population with a high school education.

Is increasing but it's much faster for
open Ruiz left behind.

But the total Even now it's about
thirty five thirty six percent this is

probably thirty four percent is still much
lower than the right of the countries even

though the Chinese economy just a nation
number two in the world now that you

cation measurement is still quite in
doubt just do some comparison for the.

Population with high school education you
can see Taiwan Hong Kong and a man and

China so
they are probably the percentage so

this company used you might have to
measure in terms of human capital or

estimate is a.

Complete comprehensive
measure it includes.

Education job training health a number of.

Different aspects of human capital we will
see from nineteen eighty five to Currently

it increases first it
increases very fast OK Second

it's really take all started from nine
hundred ninety four that ninety five so

you can see that increase much
faster after that time that I reach.

Your growth is very high and the other
thing we can find the problem here is

the gap between urban and
rural is even larger actually.

In.

Urban human capital account for
about eighty percent now even though

the population is about the only
have less than half percent

the total human capital is much larger
corporate Now that's a total if we talk

about human capital protect out this is
a measurement of population quality or

labor force quality we can
see the same kind of trend

again it is start to increase
a very fast after ninety five and

the annual growth rate if you open is
much faster and the gap between urban and

the rule is in large and we have a lot of
other research using that data and the.

A number of papers published and
for this kind of paper got a lot of

citations down those because
they want to use that data so

some friction that we've got e-mail from
publisher from that you want to say or

your paper is a top download because
people want to read data now there

are a lot of other related study based on.

Data for example this is the we
call age between zero and

the fifteen before her labor market so
this personal human capital we call

human capital reserves so
the human capital reserve as a share

of total human capital as you can see
it's declining very obviously this is

caused by they want the policy and
the population aged so

we can see the human capital
is they'll get smaller.

Relatively from fifty five percent
to below forty five percent and

that this is another interesting
graph it's you know the human capital

girth and the boys when they're at
age six and sixteen the reason for

this at six they start elementary school
at the Tour start middle school sixteen

to start high school we try to measure the
difference between boys and the female and

the girth when they enter into different
stage of education you can see for

urban area it's quite a bright there's no.

Commuter Tranda what difference but
even if you said if you see the same.

Comparison for girls and
boys you rule it's clearly declined so.

The per capita human capital.

In rural areas for girth is getting
smaller and smaller relative to

boys there are a lot of reasons for
this problem in rural areas is

more this kind of car child preference to
boys so that probably is one reason but

the but compare open and
the rule we see this show.

Contrast OK And
we also every year we release a rank

of population quality human capital.

Capital for different problems this every
year pretty much Beijing Shanghai and

changes on the top some of them want
it's forty and now the one they

really care about is the news media always
told this year we fall behind the Shanghai

something like this and their top priority
is always encouraging to Janet Johnson and

to you specially for
the big story big city and it hinges on.

Their six huge difference in terms
of protecting human type two and

there are a lot of other you
should relate to the labor force

contribution to factors affecting
this kind of human capital.

Distribution and the trend and because of
time limit it will not go through to tell

us that data report everything is
freely available for download.

Thank you very much.

Now who is going to use his own computer.

Thank you for coming by talking
teaching Japanese and modern languages.

My topic is very different from

the other presenters perhaps it's not
a report on research I'm doing but

rather some development what
I've been doing in my class and

other title of the topic I have
Second Life After studying Japanese

first real life.

Second Life is a platform that.

We are using.

And the purpose of doing this
particular class this is

a dance of all Japanese but
we wanted to do it at Georgia Tech.

Create some course for
advanced level Japanese that is

not offered in anywhere in
the United States probably not in the.

Done research but probably this is a very
unique course that you cannot take

anywhere else this is the.

This is called a content based learning.

What we have beyond the basic facts
skilled learning Japanese one thousand

one thousand one hundred three thousand
and one we need to expand vocabulary.

And have greater exposure to Advanced
Structures in Japanese and to do that.

We decided that this is a good for another
reason we have computer science and

engineering students taking
Japanese at best level and

they are the largest group of
students studying probably bigger.

Than our own major Alice.

Combined So that's another reason also

we want to we wanted to build something
that's already interested in related

to their major in case of
computer science programming.

And other things.

Learning to start rather
focuses on learning something.

That's the.

Purpose of doing this and why did we
choose Second Life to read based.

R.P.G. that means massively
multiplayer roleplaying game.

Students can meet people or
avatars in the form of all over the world.

Speak different languages of course
English is the most dominant language and

second.

This is a company who
creates this platform and

they provide a platform and that.

Develop something they do not
provide content so users are free to

develop their own country and
this really suit her purpose so

we decided why not use this platform
to create something interesting but

related to Japanese language learning.

So also our students are mostly
familiar with programming concepts so

it's really easy for them to to to do
something already they already know but

doing it entirely in Japanese in Japanese
is the instructional languages have.

Something viewer it's like
a browser when you browsing

the web.

And basic message just turn into Japanese
and everything appears in Japanese.

Instruction in my class.

In Japanese in this case.

I also prepared many video tutorials
like this one I was trying to

show.

Coming.

Here anyway to get the sound.

Away I knew.

I needed to know.

That's.

Actually this is on T. square and

this is actually my textbook
I embedded this screen and.

My this is actually my textbook goes like.

This.
Is one of the video tutorial I created

just play it.

Coming the Holy Ghost Town.

Good to come you know you look
decent I'm not trying to sound

I CAN I COME IN THE MONEY and ice.

Storm concert machine I
mean come on the nice.

To people who show my money can create
a city so when you come in I wish most.

When I showed them how I said.

I do it I know my time
he sure wasn't going so

not come back I mean I think you might.

Come home with you when you must
think you just keep pushing us.

No coming I can tell you when I show.

I mean.

That's just a sample of what I do and this
is entirely explained in Japanese This is

how to manipulate the camera to see the
world in Second Life we start out how to

use a tool and then that we gradually move
into programming something how to make

an interesting object that interacts
with people in this case avatars.

And I'll show you
an example of that later.

Back to

us.

OK So viewers up and
eyes most screens are in Japanese and

video tutorials we will build objects
once we get used to using the tools

and building objects we have a video but
I don't think I have time for.

Users are allowed to create their
own content on Second Life and

this hands on experience is something
that our students really like OK I'm

going to show some student
response at the end.

Also.

At some point since our students are.

Very well versed in programming they
will learn how to script this is

like programming to create to
make an interesting object so

we will go into that I'm using this
tool inside Second Life which is

works like a Powerpoint file inside
Second Life it's a three D..

So he can.

Show the screen here
in the image forum and

I'm doing some explanation and
how to program something and the.

Comment is done in entirely in
Japanese some of the objects we learn

to create is like can't really box
doors for example we have a door

with a sliding automatic sliding
door if somebody comes in and

step on the door mat readings in Japanese.

And then the door opens and.

Then after they finish eating
they come out and they say.

Thank you very much I can't.

Going inside coming out of it so
this sequence is

very realistically implemented and.

Each time somebody comes and
it remembers who went in and

then comes out remembers
who was in the store so

now it's time to say thank you very
much if a new customer comes and

then they will say again today.

We also learned create something like.

It's like a heads up display
that will communicate for

example I'm creating a three D. dictionary
world creating a model house and

if you touch anything in the house it
will tell you the object name in Japanese

shows what it is in Japanese as well
as an English translation of what it

is this is a chair.

So you can.

Probably hopefully use this use for
beginners of Japanese learning some.

Names quickly and.

OK.

Here's a student comment on our.

I'm going to read the fact.

That the program or the programming
me to find useful outlets for

the technical when talking about the
programs themselves content learned will

certainly be useful in certain careers and
feels that I might go into the pacing

of the course with such a time I was able
to comfortably navigate the learning

environment we were well into learning
Thanks including technical language and

the tools we had to work with.

I have a very positive in general very
positive student response to this because

they really like it so
that's basically what I have at

the end I'd like to show you one
of the part of the student made.

In real life situation actually I'm in
Second Life here this is my platform this

classroom it's about one hundred one.

One thousand meters above
the ground level and.

This is a refrigerator.

It responds by touching.

But you can also talk to but
in this case they have to type.

So for

example.

A particular channel and one channel
it opens the door of the refrigerator

if I say it again open it again but
it's already opened.

The door is already open it
responds in Japanese like so

it's based on the real life situation
it's not a straightforward.

Command response time thing it has a real

virtual life virtual reality kind
of response so you can see it

you can say tell it to close the door.

Something like so this is what they're
learning to create This is one example

of them so they were close I
said Close the door close.

So.

That's just an example and

my next project in this is to try to
call incorporate voice into it so

you speak into it to translate
into text immediately and

which will be then possibly.

Processed to understand how the actual
things happen inside your life so

this is my next project and I you can
see the scattered object the students

are currently working on on their final
project so they're not here yet but

that's the platform let me.

Thank you very much.

For so let me thank my panelists
my colleagues in the college for

taking the time to do this but
the point of this exercise is to

showcase the range of different viewpoints
that are underway in the I.P.L.

and college and I think this is certainly
the presentations at a great job of that

my own research currently is on energy and
environmental politics or

policies in East Asia and
it all got started

reading the newspaper watching T.V. the
smog in Beijing reminded me of the smog

in Seoul about thirty years ago and
then the smog in Tokyo why wasn't there in

the sixty's I was in the seventy's got me
thinking maybe there are some similarities

here if you look at Tokyo today
the clean it's clean and so maybe the.

Beijing will be clear tomorrow but why do
we have these distances vary so similar

developmental trajectories going on in
extremely dissimilar countries those of

you don't believe that they're dissimilar
you can look at this data I think this

will be posted somewhere soon these are
really different different countries and

almost every way except when it
comes to that project trajectory of

institutional change and one thing they
all seem to have in common is that they're

developmental States and I'll talk
about what that means in just a minute.

Components of the developmental state
model I won't go into here trust me

it's different than the sort of standard
Western model of economic development I'm

sure Professor Lee can attest to that and
we don't need to get into it right now.

But the argument I'm trying to make and
what I've observed initially is that these

three very different countries
looking at Japan South Korea and

China have had at similar
levels of development pursued

similar policies very dissimilar countries
at similar levels of development have

pursued the same types of policies or
institutional arrangements you get and

this is the components of this East Asian
developmental state model that I'm not

going to talk about right now to
understand it it's what's driving it

I think the driver of change
in many cases you have.

Energy is one of the biggest causes
of environmental pollution energy use

fossil fuel burning fossil fuels that sort
of thing so you have these energy policy

choices create environmental consequences
were put which puts pressure on the state

to do something about it and results in
institutional change why should we care

about the East Asian case there are a lot
of reasons they consume a lot of energy

there you see that Japan China South Korea
are some of the top consumers especially

when it comes to petroleum and coal and
natural gas but also coal and they produce

a lot of C O two emissions which means
the world needs to care about it.

In addition this is a.

A part of the world that has the potential
for a lot of instability there's their

territorial disputes going on
there are some flashpoints.

The fact that these three developmental
states are competing without any

real institutional arrangements to
to coordinate that competition for

petroleum natural gas coal and
other energy

resources has a big impact on prices and
then of course their concerns about

nuclear safety the Fukushima crisis or
exemplified that.

So to make sense of this we need to go
take a look at the Japanese case and

that's what I'll talk about now
the developmental state is it's a Japanese

creation but it's been adapted by
South Koreans the Taiwanese the Chinese in

their own ways and so
it's not necessarily a straight.

Basically copying exercise story
begins in Japan Japan's a place

extreme energy dependence it imports
almost all of its natural resources

our energy resources yet it relies
less on renewables than comparable

countries seem puzzling to me
if you look at Japan pre and

post Fukushima you might have expected
that the Japanese would have gone much

more heavily into renewables that's not
the case the biggest change is thermal

basically petroleum natural gas coal
that's where the alliance has gone they've

cut back on nuclear two of it's only about
one percent of total primary energy supply

today Japan's a world leader and when it
comes to technology and innovation and

yet when it comes to clean tech
energy technology it's a mediocre

player which gives rise in my mind to a
couple of puzzles number one we would have

thought that as a result of the disasters
of March eleventh two thousand and

eleven that Japan would have changed
its energy institutions dramatically

up till now the change has
been pretty modest why and

given Japan's extreme dependence
on imported energy and it.

Frank in technology and innovation my
fight with Japan would have made a move

to become a global player when it comes
to green energy that hasn't been the case

the question is why and
my argument is that you can see this all

reflected in the institutional evolution
of this developmental state and

it's been driven by a reaction to the
consequences of institutional choices so

what I what I've done is I've
identified four different stages and

time does not permit me to go into them
now if I'd be happy to do this later

if anyone wishes but you see in the first
stage the erected the institutional

infrastructure from about forty five
to fifty four that's what they did

that produce consequences that
are felt to this very day

that infrastructure is the infrastructure
that continues to provide Japanese energy.

Utility companies and others are reluctant
to walk away from an investment that still

profitable and useful so that's one of
the reasons why Japan is not has found it

hard to change the fact that Japan became
an export superpower in those in those

days meant that the import of petroleum
was going to become the fuel of choice and

it continues in a lot of ways
to continue to dictate policy.

Things changed in the one
nine hundred fifty S..

Well large industrial users had it had
essentially been given an implicit

license to pollute at will and they did
and it produced among other things you

know a lot of the terrible pollution when
I first went to Japan and in the early one

nine hundred seventy S. as a teenage boy
it was the world's most polluted country

as a result of this that's a consequence
of the development state it also led to

strained trade relations with the U.S. and
other countries because the development of

State major pan into an export superpower
those exports flooded into markets like

those in the U.S. and elsewhere which
produce trade conflict again a consequence

of this development state model as you
get into the one nine hundred seventy S.

and now affluent citizen or a begins
demanding a clean environment another.

Social welfare welfare accommodations and
it resulted in change the state had to

change to accommodate that at the same
time as this as Japan became even more

developed in a richer country this lured
the attention of foreign companies that

wanted to get access to Japanese markets
which produced not just trade friction but

now market access friction so this is
I want to put this one this one and

I love this particular
graphic it was thought for

a time that you couldn't cut pollution and
continue to grow the economy but

the Japanese managed to do that
interesting slide the shipping

battleground in trade war initially it
was all about Japanese exports but B.

when Japan became a rich country
by the one nine hundred eighty S.

it becomes market access for action again
this is a consequence which leads finally

to stage four where the Japanese are today
and they've been mired in that really in

my argument since the bubble economy burst
in the early one nine hundred ninety S.

the continued dependence
on fossil fuels and.

Which are laden with greenhouse gas
emissions and in finite supply and

nuclear energy which has safety
consequences makes it hard for

Japan as it has made it hard for
them to the Japanese to have to.

Pursue sustainable development and

the same institutions that major panic the
economic giant have today Richard of five

and pose obstacles which leads to
their findings and conclusions and

I won't go into this one here it's a lot
of what I see going on is path dependence

they created the system was very
successful worked well the very success

of the of the system has put pressure
on it to change part of the R. and but

an outcome of all this is it's blocked the
emergence of a green Advocacy Coalition

the development stages evolve through
these stages as I argue and and

so on broader implications if it's gone on
in Japan one might expect that it's gone

on and is going on in all.

They're developed in developmental States
in East Asia I give a list of them there

in my own research I'm looking at the case
of Japan the case of South Korea in

the case of China it's important to
understand this because for reasons that I

outlined at the very outset of this of my
remarks you stages of a really important

part of the world political economy so
it's important to attention.

And there you go the argument
I want to end with and

I think one thing that all that unites
all five of the presentations we had

today is it's it's important to understand
that the East Asian context East Asia is

not exactly like Western Europe or North
America or any other part of the world in

order to really understand it you need
to have the language capability and

aren't thinking about I wish we had that
program when I was learning Japanese so

many years ago you need to understand
the economy you need to understand

the culture of the art you need
to understand history history and

continuity and even need to understand
a little bit about policy so

without we still I made mine and
in ten minutes so good for me.

If I could ask my fellow
percenters could join me here and

will feel that any and all questions.

Or you can stand here in your
seats that's fine point.

Questions.

Just.

Before right before I let the real
experts half of the question let me

I looked out up on the CIA World Factbook
which of course is the source of.

All the knowledge that we have today
China is officially atheist what itself

Now here let the experts have
a better class of education yes.

Design Contest.

Yes.

That's true because the Communist Party
is the party all the way period.

By that definition no god.

No not to say the separation
of religion and

the state so
in that regard is accurate to say.

OK.

I know that.

God.

I was a boy didn't of
course as a religion.

But.

A larger picture of who did it
was also crazy the part of.

So they don't really consider this.

Is part of the.

Sort of officially
knowledge of the religion.

You know typically you have three.

But a lot of good you know would have
proven to be just more of folklore and.

That's from the Congress party.

That you.

Don't like.

The guy.

That would.

Be forced.

To buy.

A lot of.

Time here but that's not necessary to the.

Fight when the base has to
watch it like it is can

also very popular very calm in China but
there's ten fifteen.

Very volatile kind of feeling for
all the phone call customers

where.

Religion.

Their rights.

Differences in.

The West the.

Cultural lesson for science personal.

Or traditional.

Christian culture because.

I'm also very proud and.

Because the religion can.

Be.

The least of all these
convert continue to.

Believe we never see a traditionally.

Heavy use religion as a weapon.

Against the region against.

Down the Windows machine or even

though.

You have documentary so
documenting the Christian practices and

Christianity apparently quite
popular in rural China and

in the cities you have to churches so
we have both tempos and churches and

it's just that I feel I'm not
a practitioner I don't know the details

I think of Christianity you do
need to get official approval so

for some of the maybe the smaller school.

I don't know branch of Christianity I
think of that can be considered

illegitimate and about as for border.

I.

Feel like my mother is.

The temple twice.

You know.

The fifteen

calendars.

It's a question made in many
places because this kind of growth

we compare our.

Country is so much faster so
sometimes even.

Because of the poverty
part of the report as.

They use.

The U.S. cities come to raid it just
because it's there to make their

population a result cannot believe but
eventually they still accept because

China grows so fast since the recent
nine hundred ninety four ninety five.

After cameras demonstrations
the country very quickly so after.

Ninety two the country.

Accelerating most of reforming and
open higher education expanded naked

in one thousand nine hundred
ninety eight it's one year.

Higher education year old and new year
only forty nine percent in one year so

this kind of increase.

By the questions of where they'd come
at the answer is a very hard because

we found.

A contributing factor but
urbanization has a limit and

now it's already fifty
percent Whole far you can.

Maybe seventy seventy five percent and
another thing is a population A.T.M.

We also affect So we already see
a slowdown in the last two or

three years that's Good question thanks.

Very much to that.

Question.

You know.

I mean really when you say China this
is the No Child his people are not

going to be just unison Yes.

That's a.

Christian there Communist Party
member in charge here the officer

the Congress party member annoys me
the stuff eighty million times but.

That's the great question he's
angry I'm somewhere around here.

So there spoke up out of
the possibility that you feature

China will become the largest
Christian country.

Just for your you know.

What.

I would.

Like to take you know my home so.

I told everybody just about Christianity
and I thought my God there's

ever for that.

Because I did what I
thought was right up and

I thought I want to get
that person like you know.

So you know.

What I might be prosecuted or something.

Like no it's really.

I guess.

I should also.

Have.

You know it's a little harsh.

This is not.

There Yet.

But.

Presents.

Are.

Getting very interesting
because sometimes you know we.

The best that we learn we were younger but
this time all this really all that in the.

End I guess.

We're here for I guess I was sort
of I start as far as my growth in.

History I felt somewhat but
the growth that's what.

I'm kind of like boy.

I'm going to go away but
it was a good time you

know a lot of.

Other questions.

Right or.

Wow You know this is.

A loss for the immune recent
history at least a six year so

it's not I'm seeing twenty century or
twenty first.

And the tradition is always the study
of Barrowman people but if I buy and.

Saw he was not a gun is going to continue.

To be done now where will become
a Don Imus should be sold or

certified by.

The.
Plate.

Didn't already just cease custody so
even though the.

Beaches.

Not yet that's going to be very much.

Crime I wonder.

Whose.

Time.

Stamps.

Right or the the Chinese today there
is the possibility of leap frogging and

and the Chinese are.

The world's leader in emitting C O two
emissions and likely to keep going up for

a while but they're also a world
leader in introducing green So

there's a possibility
to leap frog that way.

That's the big challenge for China
though will they do it can they do it

the Japanese have been kind of slow the
Koreans are a little faster and sort of

embracing green growth and it looks like
the Japanese are starting to come on board

a little the Chinese are well aware of it
they made a deal with the US I guess last

year to to cut emissions the too big
a C O two emitters So it's possible and

the Chinese are taking some action on it
but at the moment they're really brown

energy intensive country and at the same
time Dreamz extremes on both ends so

would be interesting to see how it plays
out I try to have your very pictures

mine Taiwan.

Six.

Times.

Yes So yes it was just.

Over nine.

Years.

I mean you know.

My.

Rights are all that the Japanese
was that were the same I was

there in the early seventy's so struggling
to learn Japanese among other things

without the benefit of that of modern
technology like we have today and it was

the world's dirtiest country it was the
most polluted country and it was awful and

I came back four years later the skies
were clear the water was clean was

just an unbelievable house from a ship can
China do the same same thing here I wonder

why I haven't seen the full up question
in mission that up to ten to eleven

this week if you talk to just you know
what I saw that Margie Japanese should

be some seem more than happy that
when you said I did not have contact

Why did he that night he sort of
still had a bank he had to go.

Into the mall for.

Some prevention.

Measures OK I'm a political scientist and

I guess I should even apologize for
I I am.

And one of the things I look out in
my research are institutions and

once you create a situation it's really
hard to change it we say it sticks but

they change sometimes we call those
times usually critical junctures So

for example if you look at Japanese
the flow of Japanese history

World War two was a critical
juncture the major restoration and

the sixty eight was a critical juncture
a lot of us thought that March twenty

seventh March eleventh twenty eleven
would also be a critical juncture

especially when it came to energy policy
because especially came in nuclear

because the Fukushima disaster was such
a catastrophic thing and people for

so many years have been told that nuclear
energy safe and don't worry about it and

and so I was surprised that
it that it didn't change but

my basic argument is that the that
the structure of the end of the.

In the state that were put in place many
years ago they linger on part of it is

the it that investment in infrastructure
that's controlled by a limited

number of players the utilities companies
have incredible power in Japan they donate

heavily to political campaigns they're
really and they they really have

a higher government bureaucrats who they
call in Japanese I'm Michael Duffy dissent

from have any interest in this and right
and so and so it's vested interest is part

of it it's a complex story but
that's that's part of it.

And in the other question.

Actually I have a question.

And you you mentioned these labor.

Party.

By a colleague who you know yes it
is he's on a far higher education.

Child especially I mean texts call.

Me Like John says My God what's popular So
if you have anything.

In your research all these tech
schools these hollow you know see the.

Stand that stand textbook and change
the gravitation because you know the.

Labor force by those people writing.

That part of we're going
to teach all you know we're

going to cut your stock this commission
to have that people make it you know care

because it's a very hard to see design
as higher T.R.T. I would like to

talk that's not the case here but there is
some kind of all that he would like them

to say related to suppose you have not yet
education.

You know now your education even got so
remote you know real

whether just to ninety eight you can
really compare that's already that's

that's a difficult issue to
take up OK yeah probably.

Well.

I

think.

OK.

That's because.

That's really.

A comprehensive measurement depressed
based on labor market outcome so

no international or
two different approach why it's call based

approach your projection wants a lap time
when you put your labor market Another one

is cost based approach you see from.

Then how much investment from from the
family from the side so those two approach

us there is a very deep held mainly
on how to use cost based approach but

that they'd have a requirement is enormous
There's no way we can apply they so

we use income based labor market
earnings estimate to be great to reflect

everything they're not just education so
that's the basic approach there.

My own question.

I found it interesting to see
the gap between urban and

rural in China when it comes to human
capital what kind of impact is that can

have and of course incomes are wealth it's

the wealth distribution that Gini
coefficient is becoming pretty haywire and

also how does that square with
China's socialist values.

That I see the same sort of thing in
the human capital is that going to pose

problems for China going forward and
reconciling the official

idiology with the actual
reality on the ground.

That's what you call it he becomes it now.

For.

Of course Chinese government now they try
to make negative campaign about how to.

Deal with this kind of rising.

Income inequality regionally equality.

Equality.

For example for western areas so much
be handed the East Coast so the Chinese

government actually started a party to say
we invest a lot of human capital in west

so you can you take the number you
West a region that actually hired.

A region so.

That.

What really like the hand it's human
capital they need to invest more

human capital help on that but I think.

We'll get a small and a smaller.

Externalities from and will help improve
temporary migration will help that

part.

Right there.

Recent research found that if you.

Put the ratio rest remote less developed
area is actually higher so then.

The Coast Usually it's going to raise
your will improve productivity increase

output so this could be.

A few reasons one reason
is just you mentioned.

The East Coast.

A service related industry so that we make
the whole economies there dependent less.

But the human capital is much higher just
because a value there on that market is.

A much higher divider in that area so
that it will actually in.

The more human capital move to that area.

Anything else.

Let me say right.

Now a pound less Also thank you for

going to see my Clouston encouraging
us to send thanks for everyone who can.

Make theirs and theirs more.