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>> Hello everyone so I'm set. For the introduction and irritation I'm very glad to be here so today I'm going to share with you our reason to say that they are. Softer leaving materials from mechanical engineering and chemical engineering so if you look at the current engineering materials mostly relying processing Solly the materials Romanism and all ceramics plastics to the recent one the end to the materials day are all yet solid forms human the composite materials that we study it's a deal combination of a different style it by the way I look at the nature's way of a creating materials nature's a tool boxes of far beyond the just as solid as a matter of fact nature constant play mix and match different the liquid and solid to create the materials that Ican communicate and the caught in a doze through a cascade of capo that the fusion reaction and that that from a ship and I so resulted in nutrients thus supported it and the ways that you can spell out allowing all these magical things that will happen in the leaving system so our search for next generation all for the once the material has to go beyond the Justice and look at this the synthetic a system Joe has a duck competition also close to leaving out any isms is composed of across the length of the poem or neither work on the solving the molecules the material is supposed to study the like and the liquid the like.

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So on one hand the pony merchants cross-link the bison drawn bond so the knight a worker. And the Baron loaded Sally the like and a comparatively laid upon the beaten pony merchants and so in the molecules are relatively weak so the SOL when the country runs for this through the material it's also liquid the like one is interesting is that because of these the liquid the media in the material to provide a good host for chemical reactions and that people have actually made these materials smarter in a way that even kind incorporate a different chemical reaction into it so where is it just made the stimuli responsive so you can see the well shrink or you respond to the environs of the me when I such as a PH temperature and the light and so on so because of this today Mueller responsive properties of which we are John has been widely used in many engine nearing fields and Smart Parts of them here you microfluidic the Weiss So this is a joke and you can be used to a country one they say well they block the flow when they contract or allow the flow to go and the manager also made the biocompatible they have been why they use Ian Bell medical applications as their drug or carrier and tissue culture phones and so on and the reason the lay people start to use adjusted to make the variable you like Tronics and the softer robot So look at all these applications in order to get precise control and that the zine we really needed to have a comprehensive multi physics model to these scribe a model complete has backed out that that's a mission.

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So in today's talk I were just about how you some of the our efforts. Into these go so I will 1st a talk about our general still more than I make a framework to construct the constitutive although fall hydrogen also and as that you could then Paul I will show you how we the ride of us the best music constitute the model for life a response of G.R. and I will talk about the kinetic the laws and ID and that was how you how do we categorize the D's and some of that I make and kinetic properties of which you guys barmen holding OK so here in the general someone that I make framework will want to make a general way that a cop owes the lie to defamation chemical reaction and the electoral chemistry so I said mention the ordinary decent joke How has a huge walled him change as the largest solid and times so wait for start always the kinematics that he's fallen to that summation decimation gradient he used to be finding these the weight and the change the water magically change over these children and him and it come to a very large.

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So Philo The question is so the material has to satisfy linear momentum balance momentum balance and a mass balance so the change of us that this is a constant for a particular species concentration can be due to the flux of the deaths of pieces all chemical reaction so these could see the chemical reaction read and because it has a lot of charges so we also need to consider our cost allow for you actress that exist OK so the electorate displacement that words are would be called the charge you know Mecurio so Nextel we need constitutive model it's a similar as the.

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Last in material right but here we need more complicated a multi physics model to describe how the material of the form why you have an other field that stimuli like a lighter temperature and the SO ON OK So you know no truth to that how we treated these immature element opens the more that I make system that I could change energy from the environment through heat mass transport.

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Electrical work and the light OK so based on these the picture we can careful a layout of the 1st allow And 2nd the lot of some of that I mix and if I know G. conservation the production of P. So through some calculation we can reach of these Final these 6 wrong form of the governing relations combining both the 1st and the 2nd a lot so I need a process of evolving process of the material has to satisfy the C. question OK so here.

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Is a free energy. The material is of functional defamation greedy and Electra these placement and the concentration of each species in the material and in order to satisfy this equation I need a new video Change of these the variables has to satisfy these the inequality you question so I have to say you can spray sions in front of it to be 0 and this afford the constitutive relations and does the returns live to here to satisfy the same inequality question that it gives us the kinetic or last I will talk about these same odd detail later this kinetics like here I want to focus on the constitutive relations so piece of this address and there is country beauty to from that's I'm a sion but I also there's the chemical you factor high pressure and you know we.

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Can call potential and you what the chemical potential water is that you actually feel it so in this expression it's a general. Battle what is different for different the kind of poverty House is that is that function free energy function and it's different for different mature rows so next I will give a particular you can sample to illustrate this someone and I make framework to generate the constitutive relations light a responsible jobs.

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OK So look at us several Weatherly uses the life a response in moderate use. Eyes open scenes while you shine a light on this Monica you will change Beatrice trends and the seas configurations and the molecule will change the hydrophilic hydrophobic properties to absolve water yin repel it out so you can generate a macroscopic a defamation of the material and this is thus a barrel paren why you shine a light on you generate a power of charged that it will attract them all water to come in and these moniker is a very interesting new cosigner night why you shine light on to this money to you it actually open up to these bond generated to separate the parts with the opposite charge it is so summarizing these that they from the types of behavior sell them on issues we characterize is akin to a tool types one use of photo I own my zation meaning when you shine a light on this molecule a actually a piece O. shit a into 2 parts one part remains a to attach to the mentioned fix or charge the other part of become a mobile ions and the other is the photo I summarise ation when you shine a light on this monic you will simply change a computer issues changing direction property with the saw went to generate a swelling of contraction of the material so in the following part of these talks I will focus on these process because its much eneral by the model can be simplified to a coward this case too.

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OK so here we Mago the light as a result and their G I's the lighter trance PA this rule this tense of the material at the as for example these the lighting intensity I can be reduced to do 2 of us option off the gadgetry come also be other men to do to each and they use the gathering we can cower for they lay out all these relations just that you need are so true that come Saturday here I focus on most a simple case that is to concede or.

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I'm polarized to uni directional monochromatic a light and we need a life a mission to the gathering so that light intensity changes proportional to the original light intensity and these the light has been a bizarre with it by the material easy user to generate that is the forward chemical reaction OK so the forward direction Rita will be proportional to the RE to all photons that has the puppets all the butts all the by the material and for any chemical reaction you will have nature they circle I have to radiate a backward a chemical reaction and these are related the concentration of Prozac and if you you quitted ease of forward a reactionary to and the backward reaction Rida you got at the sedation the race data you quit shit by here I want to point out these equations a very different from pure training solution A to high stool be solved by a couple NG with a defamation feel the reasoning is the following so considering you have a chop.

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Why shine a light on it will generate the chemical reaction that it will of a sample water to come in and as the water comes seeing it we are diluted the concentration of the chemical B.C.'s and also sheaves chemical equilibrium and state right and then you know another case if you up a lie or loaded to the material and water you squeeze out of the material now the concentration of a chemical species also changes so you also that also change.

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The date of the chemical reaction inside so it's a couple of the problem we have to consider in the ME back out as well so I have a given These are some odd and I mean free work now we just need to give us especially figure free energy function for these particular material and the following What are you hiding in Siri it can be really good company nation energy stretching out of their chains and mixing energy mixing so when the polar and this is the mixing solvent on the podium are mixing an immobile Sibusiso with solvent and the mixing of reacted there and the production we also have reality of of polarization so putting everything together we can guide it is that explicit a form of a constitutive relation remember is a like the Hawks allow for linear you lastic of material but it's a complicated the form here.

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And the combining it always the other field the equations are like a momentum balance and the chemical potential balance and photos addition there is a deep question if you like trust that is we can solve boundary value problems OK so here I gave up feel you can samples of what of these model can do.

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So this is the. Monitor who I just introduced earlier why shy light on it a we all separated to tool cars for this particular molecule these parka that becoming piece of the in the solution used to always OK and when you shine a light on these the general we all thought well OK and so way 1st that calibrate our model by feeding these the experiment oak dots they haue with the D.C. already a whole curve they see the photo you newsdesk dividing ratio as a function of us all the concentration OK So although it's a very comfortable account a complicated in the model in fact are we only fita 2 prime eaters was crossing the density the either use Monkhouse of foetal response of moderate to see in the material and that they are different for different samples OK So ways to do that kind of aerated a model we can do some predictions 5 of them post here this material because that is the so shaded.

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Parties that always group so the material is not only lied to sensitive but also ph sensitive so when you don't shine a light on the material because they behave like a regular pewter sensitivity up there in the beginning why you increase the PH a little bit you'll force it hated the city so she ations process so you have Massingale bad as it appears to why little becomes a tool high these the will drive the chemical reaction to the pack Warda the erection so you have less the swelling and while you shine a light on it actually follow these that Doughty the light like this and you see these that light a response it's a property is only happens I had a particular P.H.Y. a little so you see even you wanted to see the saliva response if behavior you had to choose the government I had a particular condition so using our model you can get a better understanding and control of the material.

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So another you know them call it the same on if you buy the incorporated into a tie preacher sensitivity up though the material used to focus the temperature sensitive and light a sensitive so here is a good those that does how you could farm and put data and study the curve the theoretical prediction.

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So when you don't shine a light on this in my chiro you suggest I like a regular temperature sensitivity up following these green line OK So when you use course temperature the material will shrink I had a particular temperature since they care to show how powerful our motto is that we can capture a very sad whole physics here so when you shine a light on the transition temperature you cheap tool a higher temperature not only these we can capture the sexy Cerise is the process what I mean used so when you even creates a temperature follow these red dots it's also observing barmen when you increase temperature the much erode jumps that these higher temperature and when you create temperature it comes back as a relatively lower temperature so you see our models have captured the whole process.

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OK so we can also incorporated the into the Finite Element simulation to simulate a mock complicated that you know how much in your step summation not to talk too much about it but who want to move on to talk about the kinetic OK the Premier's the calculation equilibrium acetate So about a kinetic So like I mentioned earlier we are alive to with these that 3.

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3 terms to a set is right is a quality question in factor you need to have an indie really a term to be smaller and are equal to 0. 1 in that means these actually the 1st or term that are the finest kinetics the fall chemical reaction chemical reaction rate for example and the 2nd he finds.

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The fusion process how fast are the solvent to transport and the last one you kinetic for heat or transfer which you perhaps are very familiar with is so because of for most of the gel the chemical reaction is very fast what is that the findings feature of that time dependent behavior of the material if you ship which is a lot and so we focused on the 2nd term.

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And to satisfy these then you can and he relation way assume these chemical potential these the flux that it's propulsion now to chemical potential gradient and this. Mobility tensor and those terms are also dagger no terms if they are not equal to 0 to actually describe interesting physics it's cut across a few ships what it means is.

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The chemical potential read into what is the basis we're not only cause the flow of it that a particular species by the also drag others. This to follow was it OK actually this is a not something new it has to be in of a service to humanity different systems for example here it is the tertiary system so you have the Rican Honan's OK a liquid sedate So these are solid the lines are the new show concentration of the species for example aluminum oxide So this is the boundary inside you have a lower concentration higher concentration and the false silicon dioxide you have higher the side and the lowered inside calcium oxide it's a constant that you start with is and those that darts are captured by the particular trends and this is the date OK So look at this the 1st and 2nd a lot it's very easy to understand that these subpoenas ISA will move from high concentration to low concentration OK Not surprising by the what is the interesting use of this so even the chemical potential of a was the B C is the only drives it's own flow that you would that you could Specter these That's the concentration that's not changed but this is not the case so this is a once the basis of slowing driving others to be go together with it it's also observe that in this sort of solution you have to solve it solve a one star tool and then the new one tool is that the fusion Rita of the species the one true when chemical potential read into obvious abuses to OK and the new 11 is slow reach the obvious abyss is the one due to the chemical potential gradient of this the busiest one of the cells so you can see at a certain region in these crimes that the fusion term can be even faster than the cells at the fusion of that's.

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So it's very important so again where 1st of the kind of array to our M Although by feeding the radio curve in ways that you could farm and call. Say how so this is the geology or put it into a PH A 7 solution and I don't concentration point to one and then you put the wells then you put it in the same ph solution by the lower saw the concentration so it just the wells and then you alternated between these 2 solutions and the recall the swelling ratio is a function of the time so we can't use our model those who captured these behavior in the calibrate our model.

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That we can create because something. Has not been captured and you could farm and so funny is that Paul thinking about these saute you could farm and so you have a piece of which all this really size impermeable so you only change your ways that you are in through these side OK and the chemical potential water all side that is the lower than your site so Water want to come out OK by then usual concentration over the ions is higher than that mean side so the I don't want to go inside turning so eventually the water will come out so you will have a shrink although the material on the site right and in fact in that intermediate is to date I said I don't suppose Ian because you have so many ions it a rather the water to go to gather what is it so you have a rallying process so we can quantify the speed havior using our model OK so now I want to talk about after we having these model how do we use barmen so it characterized the material somewhat and I make a Properties and the kinetic a property is.

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So me can you call characterization of a softer materials actually not easy so because the several key people materials died away where you can secure in daily life is so you can you just have to give you some feeling awful what are used to mature of that we are dealing with it's a very softer slippery and the Brito and some of them are VERY say it's very difficult to do tradition the time showing compassion and the sharing right so.

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That a comparatively lay indentation is a very simple it's a requires minimus a base improving our ration income by local properties you can do it a several times on a single specimen and you can easily change lines that go OK but the difficulty for using in then Haitians the most are they from the sea a really cold perspective so it's a very new homogeneous a field and.

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A mix of boundary condition so within the context the area it's at this place and the boundary obvious side of the country the area it's a false boundary and the way you can see that within the context of impermeable boundary outside the east permeable boundary condition and on top of that you don't know where to contact the area east that's a part of you also Lucia and you to calculate it so it's very difficult to gather and I think solution you can do in your America simulation data every time I use farm and doing you can spawn and they have to do simulation to equal struck to mature properties it's not a practical right so we want to solve this problem in a simple way that everybody with the other you can expect around can use it to you construct a mature properties that's the goal.

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OK So to the fine material properties to the fine is a concrete he said we recon linear City OK The reason is because. Of have a larger that's I'm a ship but it's associated with value and the contraction this indentation is introduced I had a particular Savalas date however the G.R. that that's amazing induced a buy in and Haitian smart so we use a decent linear Worsham and there isa another subtle motivation for doing it is I will show you later so through these model you don't have to do curve fitting too you construct a mature property the term in and tell a term in this value of mature prime meters so in these or in this model we need to capture these 3 primary hers sheer modelers post on 3 show how much of that you can squeeze out of the material and that if you see how fast the solvent transpired inside the material OK.

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So you are going to link these linear property to the someone and I make a proverb that a way these gusts the previous lay with the the linear perturbation of linearized to descend not only in your series a particular So Wallace date however that you are and the compare is the linear par elasticity so it guided these questions so now thought give me share modelers and the puzzle to reshow which we capture you in then they should measurement we can calculate and the chi the so for then any crime meters I need for the number 0 which is for you need a volume of the Tri-Polar is related to crossing the density and the other is a kind of the so called the Florida primary that describes the P.R. mixing OK.

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So so the fucking experiment will realize the need to do the measurement to small scale because a lot of this is about logic or some polls that have. You need to write we need to probe with the materials must go to pull Perl with the local properties and also there is a subtle reason that these are time dependent the behavior of chaos is controlled by the fusion so the fusion times to go so with the lines of where are right if you reduce the size of even then patient you can do measurement of faster so we need to do it in small scale and the Waitrose to do to use them OK and the particular day we propose that you will.

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Then turn into the material to certain doubts and then on top of the whole the fall cured of time and on top of that you do these small amplitude oscillation sweeping through frequency made out of force I saw a function of time so comparing this truth spectrums you can guide is the face to like a function of I'm going or frequency OK So next time.

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Going to show you we can use of these curves to capture these 3 material in no coffee thing. So look at this boundary value problem spot several of these why they use the shapes of inland turners we realize that they all have a very simple relation with the dye in the nation that's a very simple relation OK why do you do this a dynamic oscillation only.

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Patient that becomes the time the and so what it means is the so you can compost these boundary condition into a combination of the 2 terms why is that independent of the time depends on the size shape of the inventor the other is that independent of the shape but it depends on time OK I know why you wanted to force a response on the inventor a to share the same feature OK why OK cumulated is the face of Lego only this time and heart that the matters what it means is that you got a Uni Fi that's the Lucia for all of the for in the shape of inventors OK and that is the face of America becomes a just a function of what tool prime meters why needs the related to a person's ratio the other use the normalize the angular frequency Omega I frequent C B S If you see weighty I use the contact to readers OK so I pull up the computational result here so this is a was.

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You don't have to do it I need more because it's a must or curve independent of a material independent help shape OK so you can't be regulating use of these Polaha to guide the result so face it like it is only a function of the ratio and the normalize the angular frequency so you feel have a smaller persons the ratio so you can squeeze a lot of water all half of the material that you can guys up higher are.

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Right what it means is that and even back at her you don't mean the whole plot had Are you just a need to actually use a decent. Peek. So you can gather material crime meters so way pay cut these whales write these critical points and up a lot it will continue as Curtis This is the number of lies that face like a while ago I saw a functional post on 3 show and this anomalous angular frequency I thought functional proposals to show and the way feat that is the with the continue our search function so from now on you just a need that these 2 equations to extract a material prime meters so when you can spiral and you capture the.

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Peak of the patient and you 72 data into the 1st is a continuous question you guy the. Right and the substituted into the 2nd you question you guys are normalized the series you call normalize the angular frequency comparing with the well you get me you can spiral and you can get it if you see beauty OK So before doing you can farm and to there is a Y. in pause and the can see the reship So the time depends on the behavior of some of the material most of the softer material could be due to correlates to city that the trance part of SA and buy the cow also beat you to THIS IS SO CALLED A Wisco your last factor this is due to the reconfiguration Pollie Mar chance so the question becomes how do weight differentiate that is the truth times the galaxy in you can sperm and right and the focused on the pari in fact actually the idea is very simple you just need to do Moloch.

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Lines to go in then Tahsin contactor. To be different and for these that Wisco you last to be relaxation A.T.C. independent how macro sky. The lens so fought the difference outside selfie and then hey shell is different the size of an indentation you're sure they get the same characteristic a peak had a fall Pari Elastica times the gale that it depends on LEDs and they that depends particularly on lengths where it's at the fusion Prosensa right if you have a big are contrary to our air relaxation time isa longer so yes so this is our US farm and pony acronym either G.R. So this is what you use a F. M. to carry you could farm it and they see that these placement us back strong This is the force measured.

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Measured a force and. Keep up what you see Safari code keep the readers of the Saffir use the 25 mark rock and the 9 patients that have sound from a 250 nano meter to one Macross and that we captured these the fish to live as a function of angular frequency fought the French patient that's you see these curves the separated by the one you anomalous of them by a supply are you see these.

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Slippery curves collapse into one single curve that a confirms these a time dependent the behavior of the material Ruiz dominated by the fusion process so using our model we can get a material problem premie towards including the few C.V.T. postals the ratio and sheer modelers OK And then we compare with the literature reported a while ago we got a very consistent a result which should you have to measure it and using many different ways to get these prime eaters we we just need to do one measurement you get all the whole and the transport properties of the material.

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OK So the next question we ask you are the well a lot so how the property of the my chiro change that different. So which is it the that you could spar him and. The different value ratio and give the details to just to show you the result sheer Ma the Earth's equator is.

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Show you which is easy to understand that because the surveilling reshow you Chris you have them all water you cite lies the holy men are neither workers who resisted defamation So it's becoming softer and surveilling reshow you quit supposed to reshow the Chris puzzles recovery show decrease meaning smaller person to reassure means you can have you can squeeze more water out right so that also.

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Easy to understand what is interesting is about the city if you see beauty. In Chris I suggest surveiling reshow increase that's another surprising but what is surprising is about the number so that if you see T. ral you increase a true all other ALL minute you would as the Yasu value ratio linear surveiling ratio only increase twice so us do looking into you can split nation that so the had no way of being explanation as to when the waters are wrong the molecules one the swelling ratio is small so most of the water is partly the true the night a work they do now to they are not of 3 to 4 Not so with that I want to wrap up in my talkin with these guys about someone then I mix and kinetics and the how to characterize someone dynamic and kinetic energy else and I D. N. Ow want Tristan commanded student who actually did the work a lot of them are here today and some funding agencies for this work and other works that are sent to you for your attention and welcome any questions thank.

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You. OK. Yeah. I support your. Point this is I so some a process we have not incorporated in the human sample. Kito transfer process yet so this is a temperature transition temperature responsive property are which auser is the most or late due to their change our way interaction property which in the molecule and the solvent when you change temperature and the temperature change is very small you see right so the transition temperature changes are very small so you're in a way you can already search either transport just Or can see there it is a face a transition although my chiro the self if you look at is the energy of the material in the cell has a double Well so you have 0 to many minutes OK.

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For. Response. To this point 3000. 000 S.. 4 different demonic uses a different or so a lot of them I respond and there you relied. And I are as well. Thank.