Speaker today is the first service for
forty years

as are you from University
of Pennsylvania from or

chemistry through most of the code
where medical sciences or

surgery right here at your university

in Oregon where he is currently pastor and
history and director of the Center for

serious crimes in
the area over history for

research and verses in the development of
problems for you know my own cereals and

you know you're about missions
of this sort of the study and

for all of you know Russian
self-service souls and services.

So thank you.

They were going to hear me
back there thing I'm not.

Mike for that right well thank you for

an invitation and probably for twenty some
years I stepped on Georgia Tech campus.

My wife was a student here.

So I see a visitor.

But also I like the fact it took

me eight minutes to drive from our
campus to the parking lot here.

And last I mean I guess took me ten hours
to get there in Texas flight change or

running in Houston.

So it's really nice to in
a way stay home for a seminar.

I mistrust and
I'm up organic polymer chemist who

I really do work with
a lot of other people

to come up with Paul material so
they can study a spot of larger groups.

I'm at the Department of Chemistry which
is Clark Atlanta University which is

really about three or four miles from here
and we are a minority serving institution.

We're conning.

Research universities were very
small about four hundred to

four thousand students thousand
graduate students and most

of us students that are members of the
center are either in physics chemistry or

biology and right now we have twenty
seven or eight doc was doing this.

Who work as part of the center.

This is an anesthetic Quest Center and
we just bought it for the year.

OK.

So and what I'm going to do is I'm going
to split this talk up into parts for

us talk about with my research group.

And see how we connect to the other
individuals but take a last few minutes.

I think you should know about what's going
on in Clark Atlanta before five minutes

talk about our center at the university.

So again.

Polymer chemist and my passion.

Really is making polymers.

But in this day and age you can use your
passion to make polymers that are useful

for some certain applications.

Now I have been trained as a living
polymer chemist living and I make and

it's a very nice way of making functional
polymers blockquote polymers and

something that our group
the late ninety's.

Is he little polymers that
we can make a left handed or

right hand polymer based on
a fairly simple structures.

I'll talk about that because
that's something that really that

drives through the work
that I want to do now.

Why is this important in the world of
nanomaterials is that all of her off

down fabrication of metal structures.

Well making controlled polymers and living
on it is really a controlled polymer

method where you can make
polymers a specific size with

different functional groups that you can
decorate those polymer structures with.

And so really either you make them
polymers which are in the Nano range or

you can make a block of polymers and make
self assemble structures of that basic.

Really what we really want to do is we
want to make polymers that have some kind

of property either by having
functional groups in a polymer that can

interact with specific like games
sort of specific proteins or

biomarkers or
really wanted things were starting is

making surfaces of polymers which
are made of heel followers and

we have seen some interesting observation
is that if you take a car of the little

polymers they have you know
they're like some certain cells.

So you can hopefully
control the material so

interaction using a polymer which doesn't
have any kind of functional groups but

just our healing call in nature
that paper just came out last year

took us awhile to convince the referee
that something was going on.

Talk about little bit and

we really don't understand what's going on
but it's just an interesting observation.

Again I want things that drives

the work in my group is making
their friend architectures.

But right now in the context of
applying these two nanomaterials.

My personal passion is making polymers
we have secondary structures and

then be able to bring them together at the
same Billie's which have very complex but

very controlled higher structures
something like this college Gene where

you have the alpha chain of ecology in
self assemble that in the micro for real.

Which is solve assembles
into really nice structures.

That's very basic angle that I'm very
much interested in other thing is if you

can make polymers polymers
which have a little block.

Plus on the block.

Perhaps you can make super
molecular assemblies that

have some kind of biological
property associated with it and

I'm a backpacker so I was hiking up in
north Georgia are part of the helix.

But a couple of our friends say around
doesn't have the symmetry of a helix but

I thought that was interesting
tree struck by lightening up.

OK.

So probably.

Around the start of a century the century.

We're making a lot of different polymers
so we asked ourselves a question and

a group meaning.

Well let's try to make polymers nanoscale
is a new word we stuck stick it in there

a problem that we can make which
we will have which will have some

properties to it that we can
control polymer cell reactions.

OK but since we got funded by and
Assaf and

nanomaterials we started
talking about polymers and

you know a polymer end of a day not a
structure to start off with OK So and they

gave that up question we said well let's
make polymers that are of easy to prepare.

OK So a lot of your engineers
probably here would like to make

polymers from a synthetic angle that
you can make cages off it rather easily

as a matter of fact we started working
with an engineer at Texas University

which I was recently visiting and this
that and it gave us a cagey Well you know.

Yes we can but

kind of react as we have in the lab going
past fifty gram is really difficult.

So we have to convince her that she
can do the work with fifty grams.

So but it can be scaled up if necessary.

OK so that's what we wanted to
make of polymers that will have.

Polymer material.

I'm a chill cell interactions.

So let's go to healing polymers and
again this is something the group started

working in the mid ninety's.

It is not a new field but

to kill a synthetic vinyl here
little polymers it was is quite old.

But it was started by
you sure your Okamoto

back in one thousand nine hundred eighty
S. when he first published work on making

a left hand helical polymer right from
that he little polymer totally synthetic.

Using vinyl polarized nation which is an
easier way of making polymers if you can

do a volatile rise ation you.

Ordered that paper I believe the paper for

Spirit came out in one
thousand nine hundred one.

But Okamoto but his his thing was
he had monomers that already huge.

And he would have to have
the large bulky grooves

really when you made the helix held
the helix together so it was a stereo.

A confirmation because the stereo

minimize the energy of the T G T G
confirmation when the helical structures.

So in the late and it is very difficult
to process just cry from on methadone

attack or lead your polymer chemist in
here you might notice you structure

couldn't process it all so
back in the late mid to

late ninety's I believe we said what
if we can make some polymers which has.

Our healing the monomers
our size of starting.

OK then we can make a helical structures.

Because if you're going
to process these and

do particular structures processing
becomes very important so

that ninety nine two thousand we
publish some systems where the.

This is almost this if it knock
off this is the meth oxy group

we're not this software.

We're looking at a star in.

Monomer here.

We first started working with it.

Some vinyl period beings and we're able to
make them into his little structures and

so you publish a few papers but we put
them on cells and it's like to kill cells

quite well I mean you put some
cells on it and they just died.

OK And so our idea that we can to make a
left handed helix or right hand the helix

and get cells to behave nicely to this
polymer wasn't work in that point.

We decided just wish to dismantle
more here which is a toxic

starring system starting based monomer
are pretty much trying to draw from

a topsy and I don't want to go into all
the chemistry here this is a living and

ionic of polarization we
can make this polymer where

we if we want we can make a left
hand dead or right handed power.

And more.

Fairly easily as a matter of fact we start
our reaction at minus seventy eight.

The chemistry wrong here but
then we bring it up to minus ten and

works really well we can go and
take optical rotations off it.

This paper just came out last year and
is very easy to make sure you want we

can make kilograms off it when we
started this monomer we had to prepare.

But I think since our first publication
now Aldrich is selling it kind

of expensive but it's still cheaper for
us to go to audition buy it.

So just monomers now
available in the market.

So why do you want to make this polymer.

Well we want to make this polymer So we
want to make particular molecular weight.

So we can study the interaction
of polymers with cells.

So our idea is we want to
see if you have a surface.

That is higher all optically
active remember all

proteins are kind of optical active.

OK maybe you will see some kind of
interactions with those different kind of

proteins little molecular
optimization study

shows that indeed that if you make
a palm of thirty eight European unit.

It tends to be here legally stable.

If you make a smart on them
that it tends to open up and

you lose the optical activity of
the polymer now with this same

kind of calculation we did in ninety
nine with the other system we found

out in that case if you have a sixteen and
polymer it would have a stable helix.

So I think that's has nothing to do with
how the polymer works in real life but

I think how the new methods of
calculations and vailable is letting

us see that perhaps or to make polymer
at least fifty or sixty units along.

Long to get stable helical structures.

Now all the polymers you make for
the study is about ten thousand and

if you do a rough calculation I think
that's about seven to ten nanometer

in length ranges Rod I got to get this
right which is a lie scaring with that.

So what the cells did is polymer So

we made polymer of ten thousand
which is a nano domain.

And we put that in.

Polystyrene wells.

OK.

And lo and behold this has nothing
else this is probably starting

which is either left handed or
right handed.

It's a helix.

Fairly stable and we found out that
if you put heal ourselves on it

over here which is very common
people doing cell culture.

And we found out if you look at tissue
control Polish time which is the surface

of this these two Chicago culture plates.

They're pretty nice they're Polish trying
to functionalize with different hydro fill

a group so cells do attach to those and
grow as a nice rate.

If you take Polish try in this
case just pure Polish trying cells

just die on contact.

So that doesn't work.

Now the interesting part was
our observation that if we take

our Himachal polymer to plus.

And then I say left last is optical
rotation we get out of the Larry meter

either the right hand or left hand
there and we observe that the cell

attachment growth on
the Hilliker polymers or

preferred compared to non
Hilliker counterparts.

Not too much but
we have done this quite a few times and

it seems that reason
that if a hard surface.

Indeed.

Sells like to attach and grow on that.

Now the question is what do.

A surface like and I will talk about for
talk about that in a minute.

The question is that he lost
the elephant is very common sell

it doesn't have any particular
application as far as I'm concerned

to me doing a cell culture is like
titrating I don't know what's going on

just you know you just do the culture and
grow.

But this is very interesting.

So we said about you know what
let's see if you can use this for

cells that are relevant.

Like osteoblasts which is used for
tissue engineering.

And lo and behold it turns out.

If you look at off two blasts.

This is a higher polymer surface.

We made a problem are and we're looking at
growth of osteo blasts were done both for

mouse and human osteoblasts.

And it really compared to even
P.C.P.'s which is a very nice

cell growth surface this
polymer really likes to it.

Osteoblasts really like to attach and
grow on the surface.

So that's very very interesting.

You're thinking off well you know what
that's a pretty interesting growth rate

and what is going on here.

OK So
this is where we submitted this manuscript

last year and
referenced wanted to know what's going on.

Why would that grow compared to
how polymers and why that bad.

Then the C.P.S.
to be honest is the referee common so

we started doing so if I'm imaging of the
source is this that we are prepared and

while this is a work that we need
to be continuing the surface so

something very interesting
say molecular weight for

a higher all and polymer this is
either left handed or right handed.

I believe this is a plus.

OK And we noticed if we take ten
thousand molecular In either case.

And just plain cast it.

OK The thirty.

This is exact surface that we're
using to grow the osteoblasts

it seems to be much more organized.

These are not in our domain but
we can easily make polymers that and

but these are not views about five hundred
nanometers OK Now there's a distribution.

So here polymers we made down to and
over one point three.

So the thing we need to do is really
bring them down to closer to one.

So it's much more modest worse.

And then make lower molecular
weight materials and

see that we can get more
organized structures.

Again you look at
the eight Carl counterpart.

There doesn't seem to be any any
any surface that are interesting.

So this is the only two differences
that we have observed with ten thousand

molecular white healing and
non healing collars.

So what do we think is happening and
is that because of a helix.

It is Carl surface.

Second the way you have cell addition and
deposition is first or

proteins from the media come
down attaches to the surface and

the cell then grows grows on it so
fact is Carol.

You probably have a preference for
the surface.

Also we think that we
don't understand this yet

that is there because of
the chorale ity is a cell on

the protein is able to attach much more
effectively to this completed this.

Now the tissue culture data I would
ask your blast is pretty promising.

In that you potentially could use this
as Castle's for tissue engineering and

you could potentially make
very small polymers and

then attach it to biodegradable matrix so
that's something that we should look at

there again we just got
started a tissue culture and

so we think it has to do is.

Something with a pattern that we update.

And again both of the similarly prepared.

OK.

So while the things that
we observed is that fact.

Karl polymers are very interesting
if you're looking for so

polymer interaction or
controlling materials cell interactions.

Now if you want to have or organize
much more organized structures of this

what you do is you make after fully
block or polymer one of the blocks is.

Chiral And so now that we have a polymer
that that like cells spot compatible

minimally biocompatible that it is OK
would heal ourselves with mass cells.

Is OK with human and mouse osteoblasts as
far as we're concerned this compatible.

We can make this block of
polymers where we take a.

We make a little blog there and
couple that with a hydrophilic.

Segment so you have DI blocker polymer and
then we can start a process doing

super molecular semblance of that and see
if you can get that interesting structures

that we used to control
materials cell interactions.

OK And this is what one of the students
who currently the faculty at Morehouse.

Moore's able to do and
she did it for block or

polymer which is a plus here little block
and Piero which you had to feel like and

you a number of different
processing conditions and and

was able to see a nice helical
twist as you see over here and

these are really is to permit local
assembly into structures current

helical nanostructures OK So
again if would do

take the carnal polymer polymer doesn't
have a typical block it doesn't work.

OK So we have been able to
make a secondary structure.

And then incorporate a second.

The structure into amphiboly polymer.

And then process it into Karl
structures and she has done this for

a number of systems.

And we have put cells on and
things like that.

And these are very small for for for
us to understand what the cells doing

the polymers very difficult but
the cells are OK with this

idea Lee I don't know I guess
we have to put thousands of this

structure on the surface to really look
at the cells have an interaction that

favors this kind of secondary
structure of structure or

not we don't know that we don't know
how to make a whole plate full of this

kind of super assembled structure but
what it shows is you can make if

you're doing development of structures.

You can make polymers and really polymers
was a big way and then bring the polymers

together by some kind of assembly
mattered to get very interesting that

the structures and the would like
to really look at this thing and

see what cells do with
this this polymer OK.

And one I'll add to that
a lot of work with that but

basically the interesting part is if
you are doing a bottom up synthesis.

You can literally start with a a block or

polymer with a helical block and
you can make nice nano structures.

Which are like cells but how they
specifically tweak the cellular properties

we don't know that yet but something
that doesn't interest in studying.

But these are tough studies and
I mean you've got to make some of this.

Structures which are not that
term economic is stable and

then you have to put them in self.

So hopefully someday we'll figure out how
to do this but again this is a bottom

up approach to your make up polymer
used to promote Lechler said lease.

You can not only make tertiary structures.

You can make secondary structures and

then combine the secondary
structures to get close.

Structures to get

interesting new nano structures
which are Carl to start off with it.

OK So basically in this part of work.

We really are able to mimic
a diabolical polymer and

then then process them to
Carl superstructures and

self self is terrible structures and these
are very consistent with the Polish time

block that's been published in literature
so what we are observing the carnal part.

The other assemblies when you have a crowd
who are behave just like polished Aryan

except that when we have a Karl block.

Whom you get Carl.

Structures out of it and
we know that they are all

secondary structure is
is like soft to blast.

So expecting that if you have a tertiary
structure perhaps it should be more

interesting for osteoblasts but honestly
don't know how to do this work yet.

OK.

All right.
So that's something that we have done and

the second topic that I want to
talk about is some work that

I do with a colleague of mine.

Barbara Baird she the core now is is

can we tweak the properties
of mass at will.

This data to Metaxas try and
we got started in around

one thousand ninety two two thousand and
two for getting the century and

all studies we have done is biologically
it's OK it might not get F.D.A.

approval but for
us cells have no problem with it.

Styrene have problems lot of cells.

So we think because I'm a toxin there
which is least likely to feel like and

then is how the healing structure.

Perhaps is doing something
the cells are OK with it.

So at one point Barbara
works on mass cells and

you know what a mass is allergies
God you live in Atlanta.

You have this problem.

Mass is the one where you
almost die off allergy.

Yes.

Barbara some nice photos but
I suffer from allergies.

And so one of the things that's known
about allergies is the way it works is

you have a mass that on the surface of
the protein and then antigen comes in.

It crossed links the protein in
the surface brings to proteins together.

And then you have those
allergies reactions which which

is deadly to lot of people.

You know a lot of us can control
that with different antihistamines

as you get histamine release and
things like that.

And so
the way to block this reaction control it

is each of these proteins
have to binding sites.

And so if you're making.

Polymer.

Which have function of groups that

in the interim molecular way
blocked this to binding size.

That's what and she's going to come in and
there'll be no cross-linking going on.

OK so
you will have no allergies reactions.

And the thing is this binding size for
blocking these two binding sites

you need polymers about five to ten
man a metres in strength length.

And the way barbers group
had done that before.

I've met her is they took D.N.A. and
they can make controlled beginners' five

nanometer eight nanometer stand them
beaters and at the end of the D.N.A.

they had this group that
nitrile phenols and

and were able to block this signalling
on so I was having dinner with her

I said God will do a lot of work
we can make this real cheap and

want things is like you know making
things at fairly large scales and

we need two things we can control
the size off to me talk to staring.

We can make about ten thousand
molecular weight that's

about what I did a calculation
again seventy eight nanometers.

OK so the right size around here.

OK so we started making.

This polymer which should
have this rigid rod.

Right here.

We see here they call and
then we would have at the two ends.

This not by night or
a federal groups we can go in and

hopefully in the interim molecular fashion
go to that protein and block a dolphin.

OK so we could activate this cells and and

then study see if we can block all
of the and histamine release put it

into the debate is a molecular biologist
not a lot more than I do but so anyway we

may have this problem are a lot of this
chemistry right groups what happens.

It's I don't see it here but
doesn't lead here.

So blank.

OK so we made this polymer and

the first thing you do with
the polymer we had this polymer here.

We looked at just protein mining with it.

With I G I G S the surface
protein in the mass that out and

did OK a binding the problem
with this polymer was

slightly hydro you know it's
somewhat hydrophilic but not much.

So what you was doing was going into
the cavity and coming right back up so

you go to protein cavity and for
a reaction to to stop we really need to

do this and to go into the proteins and
just stay there and this was common not.

So we said well you know it's
not hard to feel like enough.

OK so it wasn't working.

And even though binding was
in you see the this and

go into protein fluorescents
you can do a binding color or

from it not pretty good binding but
it just wasn't bound for

long enough time that it would kind of
stop the and I'll talk about regeneration

in a minute we're all able to elect to
spend some fire was out of that and

you can see by fluorescents that
indeed I was binding to this fire.

So we pretty much had made fibers which
were decorated with this functional group

and there are specific to I.E.
and so when cells.

Down to it is a florescent solve that.

So we not do a binding but

just the binding was in good
enough to stop the regulation.

Now that's stop the allergy reaction.

But now if a synthetic
chemist what do we do wrong.

Lest we had the felicity of the polymer So
we took a palm or partially

sulfur native And that's that's the good
part of the Synthesis you can go tweak it.

We tweaked it.

And guess what.

This is right now on model prog for
controlling allergies reactions.

If you look here.

We took some cells master else
we activated bad by the B.S.A.

and then if we start very very small
quantities of the pollen this polymer

we totally stop the reaction.

So this problem or in the world
where you think is in trouble or

fashion goes into those two binding
sides of the and really blocks it off.

OK so it will block it off then
you have antigens in your system.

Well this is this in a petri dish still so
easy to stop.

Do you get a relation.

Hence the allergy

reaction of course to take this in
the market is quite a bit of work.

We've started working with them.

Pharmaceutical actually so cause
a pharmacy is right now for the first

stage of see if you can take this lot of
system and develop a drug based on it.

The interesting part is this Paula
murmurs that we make have to

be in the five to five to
fifty nanometer range for

it to do the mining if you make
a large enough it doesn't work.

Of course if you make large enough those
sites are binding size and proteins.

It moves a little bit but I think it's
anywhere in the five to ten nanometer So

if you have something too large is
binding in more of in terms of fashion.

So here's an example of where you
can go and make a national Bible and

then a structure like and.

To control cell signalling.

And this is a model system
we have been talking about

to see what we can do develop a drug based
on this model but that's a lot of work.

So we will start looking at animal models
at the end of this year to see within.

Lab animals that this will get targeted
to match cell So that's the next step and

then there's a polemic plea
preclinical then there's a clinical So

it's a lot of work to do and
you can see this.

Is this.
I'm going to go into details of this but

it does show this is very very
effective in beating reactions.

OK Again this is a model system but
we hope we'll be able to

take this to animal model and
see it does work with the animal and

that's the hard part about
doing basic sciences.

There are many steps before you can
take it to the clinical trials and

hopefully something will happen here.

Let's see how much time do I have.

OK so.

That's that's probably the most
interesting piece of work that my

group has developed working with Barbara's
group in the last several years and so

we're building on that but
now let's go back to that.

The problem.

Are we made which wasn't sulfur dated.

It wouldn't stop the granulation of mass
did this something very interesting.

You could spin them.

And it would bind G. or it

could interact with cells and so I said to
you God we could make sense out of that.

OK you have a polymer OK and
if you just take in.

Some electronic components in
a polymer pretty much you could

have a problem a cell interaction
that that is translate into a sensor.

So we said hey let's pursue
hydrophobic polymers.

For making active components and sensors.

Now sometimes you do research and

you don't think through before
design the project we said

she's going to make electronic polymers
and are going to put the pieces on it.

And then we're going to spend them
into fibers and we can look at

interaction with ID and cells and
even to pick up electronic signal.

We found a very good point in the graft
and started to do the work and

you'll find out that as you go
through this kind of synthesis

two hundred psi sometimes is necessary but
you do the whole work.

So you know a lot of work.

The student just finished
she made this former great

polymer you know you get the structure.

This is the poly pyro bag very conductive

were able to make this we ran into
problems immediately trying to spin that

poly clear all is is
really brick dust now.

OK.
It can do anything with it.

Even though we put some groups on it
to make it much more processor but

it just wasn't working.

So we hear this some binding studies where
they were all it does bind to I.G.A.

and solution great good
binding constant we were able

to put them down in a math and
in their electronic active.

But we could never make fibers out of
that wart wart their thing and if you

made fibers out of as soon as you put it
were solution on and guess what happened.

It's just come right off the electrodes.

It's hydrophilic.

So it's a problem.

Partly Perrault a great binding.

Sometimes you've got some fibers very
inconsistently and once we got it.

You see the ID bind to it never
a good quality fiber sporters like

that we would like to spending.

And then we said we can
do some studies we put.

You can see the fire left off and
some of the stamina work.

OK because if you want to
make an active component for

a sensor you really want it to stick and
stay stuck to the drugs so they don't work

at all while the string got this P.C.
out of it to find out that bad idea.

Right.
So.

We said Ray you know what.

Sometimes the simplest
thing is the best thing.

We just had this hydro probably polymer

and we were able to make
nice fire was out of it.

Right.

Why don't we want to restaurants just put
some carbon nanotubes in it and spin it.

So that's where we are believe it or

not that's working all system we put
some one percent carbon nanotubes in it.

And then we spend five hours.

We can get the I.G.S.
in cells with some nicer things that

it really just attach and of and
if I was on come off the electrodes OK.

Again you know I'm in now
chemistry department.

So now we have just ordered the electronic
unit to measure mantle fault.

I think it goes effect or
something like that.

So we don't have that but

we just started doing those kind of
current voltage behavior measurements.

And again I was just talking to that I
got for dealing with the better S.C.M..

OK And I think we can right place here.

OK but we can make this we can spin them
into five or very nice fibers we can

make them for one hundred nanometers down
to one hundred nanometers if you want and

they're decorated with it with
this group that binds to be OK So

this is a very interesting study in making
this the problem that our group has

developed and the surveil about it
to still take a while to break it.

But we can make it the only difference
between stopping began elation and

these polymers are these have to hire
molecular weight around fifty thousand.

At least for them to elect to spin and

those of you have done like
the spinning are spinning.

No So you need chain entanglement.

And also sometimes it will stick in other
high molecular polystyrene in there too.

To make the fire was much
better while the thing

is this polymers very nice in
the sense I said the spot compatible.

As far as we're concerned.

Again it might not meet.

Right.
Requirements but is compatible and

also there's no nonselective
absorption of proteins on this fibers.

OK we tried that with mass cells beautiful
mass cells only go away at those

pieces sticking out.

OK So we are making structures that.

That.

I think that system talks
the system works for us.

So we're not going back
to the poor old anymore.

OK we're all just up too
quickly as a problem.

So we read this is some a warrant.

So we did it which shows that MIT
toxicity Touma toxic star and

how molecular weight is also very
effective in binding thing the wall

wrapping single wall carbon nanotubes
this paper just came out I believe.

In two months back and and so
we publish this work then I

think last week I was asking my student
you were grabbed this was styrene and C.

was energy differences are.

Well students that not and never did.

That was trying they said well
this was in the paper go do that.

OK but this is very interesting.

The fact that when we make those
fibers we're the carbon nanotubes

in a single carbon nanotube if we have
started and if I was to break down.

So I think there is something the bundling
going on by the tumour talks the styrene

sprawly So it's very effective
indeed bottling carbon nanotube So

we just started doing solid state and
the Mark do you want to roll measurement.

So you showed that while this is.

Dynamics' that it does mine.

We've started doing some measurements and

looking at in them our method is
to see if we can see interaction

between these two we are going to do some
cool valent kind of conjugation here so

that we see if those groups are talking
to Paul two Metaxas tiring.

So that's turning out to be

poly to macaques is trying to turning
out to be pretty good for us.

OK if we started that
in early two thousand

is turning out pretty
well a lot of reasons.

OK I'm going to say that's a slight off.

But again it shows that if you
make polymers you can process

them into very interesting structures.

The submitted just for publication.

Again one of the thing is if it for
synthetic chemist what you want to

do is you want to make structures for
the bottom up.

And here he shows us a body
structure where we have made.

A poly lack tide which
probably actually dockside.

And self self assemble them

into very interesting structures we
don't know why they're doing that.

But again perhaps we can put
functional groups on the structures and

control polymer cell interactions.

You know a goal is really to control the
what the cell behaves song on the surface.

OK I want a few minutes talk about
Howard Stern tear and before I and.

My conclusion the same thing as my start.

We make polymers is fun for us we make
functional polymers we Reg lockup armors

we make helical polymers and
we do materials that are interactions and

basically for therapeutics the big
thing that we're looking for and

I think something we need to get started.

The sensors and we also work and

then a composite we are also using
sonar dysfunctional polymers for

developing vaccines is something that
we just thought it began my group.

Role is really making polymers They're
targeted to prostate cancer cells.

So all this is done.

We're targeting.

And then we work with other individuals
with for therapeutics we work with

Dr Baird And like I said we just starting
a relationship with the school of pharmacy

because we really want to look at
animal models which we can do and

some of the work we do
is goes in a composite.

But in talk about that but there are some
D.O.D. here for a particular tumor

toughest time seems like a great polymer
because his wraps carbon the tubes so

well OK I want to thank

the N.S.F. and I for
fellowship of some of our students.

They are different and
a composite work but basically.

Keith who wants to Nassau started
found this war won are we.

I just said this sort of work is that
Morehouse is she's a professor more out

here just finished Ph D.
and Bishop research associate

senior research associate my group and
Barbara's group here and.

Thank you.
Still is not here anyway.

And Dr Wang who does all
the modeling with us.

OK so
I'll take questions by Research in a bit.

Let me take five minutes to talk about the
Center for our functional scale material.

Well you know I'm great.

Glad you invited me.

We have been driving up to
Oak Ridge to do studies and

we have to go up there stand
in a hotel and then come back.

Now we just we're very small
university compared to attack but

we we're eight minutes drive away and
passing here is not bad at all.

I mean I'm going to second
lot of phantom parking.

But basically this.

Center for

functional nanoscale materials is is
something you just started our forty year.

This is the M.S.F. smallest of center and
and really our we have a couple of goals.

One is to build up.

We at six o'clock Atlanta in
partnership with sudden universities

center man a material that will
serve students number one.

OK So goals much more specific.

OK Check out the website.

These are bearing.

OK So we do have the center's goal is.

Is really.

To develop itself a sustainable
national center and

right now we do have
a number of researchers.

That are working together to develop

a pool of talent as scientists and again
as you we have little different goals and

really to produce the kind of students
particularly the center is focused

on a doctoral level to maintain
the technical compare competitor of

the United States in the sciences
that's what we set down and staff.

And particularly since we are a nation
we see you know we are really working

where it may not be students
as a matter fact I believe

it's interesting the seven
twenty students.

I think many except for one everybody
is a minority student except for one.

So our goal is very focused and so

our students calm at
the center of our mission.

OK.

Because we're never going to be very large
universities we stick to what we guide.

Again the centers research.

One member of the center.

I'm up to my chemist.

But I work with a physicist materials
engineers and not only see you.

But at different national labs and our
partners are really Emory University and

Cornell University and
we have a nice relationship going.

Where it.

South African national labs which
is in Temple labs Bill east of.

Cape Town.

So the goal of the center is we're
building conducted beneficial and

innovative research for

the benefit of the nation and of humanity
that's what you do you write a proposal.

But really the biggest focus in
our center is to get most students

to earn Ph D. particularly students
which are so-called You are G.'s

in the STEM communities right.

That's a term that's used and
we are also developing this beautiful

facilities we're nowhere near where
Georgia Tech has but we are very

deliberate in getting equipment that
we need to keep our researchers

become much more productive and
move up to the national scene.

We have as far as center.

We are we have a goal that all
students will go abroad can afford it.

But but that's one of our goals to
research areas in the center is

not a poor functionalize multi-functional
going to select case for palaces and

then you conversion and citizen property
studies of functional commonality you

that's mostly in composites and
the group works here where it is.

Some water chemistry work

conjugates for
delivery of anti cancer drugs and

tissue targeted part of this thing in
that we develop things to try to get

prostate cancer cells and
this is really what my area is.

And then there are some
chemistry some basic war.

In terms of reactivity OK again I
say we do a lot of partnerships and

Cornell is one of our partner Emory and
our big partner we run.

Summer programs just like you guys do.

One is a K.
twelve teachers we have teachers from net.

Come to our programs in the summer and
they are part of the work we do it.

Emory and that what we do is we have
teachers first spend two weeks in

them real learning hard to develop
problem based learning the protocol your

problem based learning and
then start to develop case study so

this is taking under nanoscience
into the K. twelve curriculum and

then they come in and really not the work
of the grad students in the lab for

six weeks at the end of the six weeks
the developer model that they do integrate

into the K. twelve but it is all
high schools high school teachers.

OK we do this where it.

Emory very successful program.

Groups.

OK And we just started our for

Africa thing where a thing is is that we
have a standard decided that we will.

As much as you can and support all of
us students if they want to go abroad

particularly to students a special time
abroad and we have selected South Africa.

It can blab beautiful place.

I've been down there a few
times they want to do

it again it's a fifteen hour nonstop.

But again this has proved to be
a great recruiting mechanism for us.

And we might just do this
particular summer are you.

We really really getting a lot of
students interested in applying for

this program and
one that calm things so far.

Last year we took five to have
chosen to come to see you.

For example Star is now a science
is a great recruiting tool and

we were convinced and

Assaf that they need to get this going
because I think amount of funding spent is

really worked the investment because
it's coming out very very effective.

Hey we're going to add this
year because the World Cup.

A former take is like three grand.

So that breaks our budget but this is
some of the students up on the Cape of

Good Hope you have that
Vasco da Gama OK right.

Recording recording thing for us.

So in ending.

I'll take some questions
we really have been

charged by the clock plan
to develop our center

into a leader in into good
research in education and

in nanoscience and I was thinking in our
missions that clocked in a bit different.

Whatever way do you have goals
translate particular center into

graduate education so we're very focused
in that because we have committed

particular doctoral level we have
committed that we were grabbing five

patients a year twenty fifteen
we're up to two to three right now.

So we're on our way and I think the fact
I saw the site here I think will make

a season here because you have a wonderful
instrumentation over here that we have

to make that ride over to Georgia Oak
Ridge or even Cornell who work with.

So thank you very much.

I would be willing to take
questions about the science and

I want to center in general.

Thank you again for the invitation.

Thank you thank

you.

Binding.

Yes

OK Good question.

Great question.

I have a colleague who is
a multi scale model or.

So they do modeling and therefore the.

The figure assured is
a result of a modeling where

he claims that is wrapped in particular
hillock of polymer it wraps much better

than non helical counterpart
which is mixed of left and right.

I think he claims is a real
one of them is better and and

the question is if you do
that study by processing

it has not been easy for
us to do that experimentally and

invest a problem with your
most scale model ours and

we try to process that what we observe and
I can tell you exactly.

I cannot tell you how in
the real world is binding.

You would need.

If you are doing this kind of
single molecule chemistry.

You'd need a very
powerful air found right.

OK you don't have one.

So what we're trying to do is we're
trying to take a carbon nanotube

we are putting cold non-corporeal on to
something that interacts with cardinality

then we're wrapping it.

And so then we're doing.

Two D. an M R.

One day and I'm on to one row
which will show that Suppose

you have some groups hanging off here.

But you have a polymer that will give us
some idea of how close the parliament

is through a carbon nanotube by
looking at how close the polymer

is to the functional group that we're
putting on so to answer your question.

We don't know if it's a helix.

Though I think it's a paper that shows
in somebody's image that the D.N.A.

illegally rapped carbon that you're right.

OK So that worse and that was
a direct evidence using T.M. right.

We know it doesn't work because T.M.
that showed higher M.T.M..

But for mothers going to modeling
it seems like it's simply wrapping

we have expert eleven stuff that no no.

Hope for.
Really who all and

that's something we're working for

the D O D showing that will
understand how this wraps.

Yeah.

You.

Right OK.

Both of those OK It's very
very good question again

once we make those structures.

So your question is is that.

Well it's just the first layer or
the multiplication to the other

osteoblasts But
if you look at tissue engineering.

If you can just initiate
that rate the SOL you need.

But one of the things that you know
again we can do it this way and others.

If you like to see image
the cells at the attachment grow.

OK because we do have some better
fms then shown here and one of

the ideas is is like we're going to put on
the cells an image of cells as it grows.

And then perhaps you can do some kind
of counting up and that's tough war

right that.

Yeah well you know one.

Excellent question or thought about it.

We don't know how to
answer it at this point.

You're right.

What we think is.

You're getting a better
protein deposition right.

And these are molecular biology.

So I know how to do that but
you're right I think it probably

deposits much quicker the protein absorbs
you get a cell and then you have this.

Nice fundamental question
to answer your first and

then that perhaps we cannot
as a group answer that but

Perry somebody you know can answer that
will give you the samples are you.

Right right.

Yes Yes Barbara group assures me it's
a specific product it is very specific.

Yeah right.

Well we have looked at.

Four of five cell lines and and
they seem to be OK with all those lines.

Now I've talked to some
people who develop drugs and

this is really just talk sick but these
cures a cure rate has been toxic it's OK

but I think the beautiful part of this
you know there is no drugs for allergies.

OK now what we're doing is really no drug
is a model system with a tweak it a lot.

But but the best part.

And again you know a collaborator
Barbara says there is nothing that stops

began relation like this polymer does

all we know is it's obvious
in the molecular weight.

I don't even know the size.

We're.
Talking about seven eight nine nanometers

Wow what role that place because you
cannot see the binding to the south but

given what you are observing we think
it is minding because you go to largest

things now working OK so here is really a
very nice effect to how you can use a nano

now scale functional group to control cell
signalling So I think that's a part of it.

How do we take it to well like I
said we're starting animal models.

And I don't know where
then if it works and

our model recorder preclinical So we have
to start working with the medical school.

I believe that's where you
go to preclinical and so

we have a resource we just
got the resources for that.

Again we might have tweak
it a lot as we go along.

But think about this polymer
starting base is dirt cheap.

OK.

The only thing is expensive is a D.M.P.
because we buy it from

molecular like something like that
since it is very very expensive.

OK But again once you process it.

It's come not France
organic chemistry in there.

So they're excited about this.

Yeah yeah.

Well

great question.

I know you do contact angle measurements
years question that what we think

if we look at the case of osteoblasts
what we're doing is relative controls.

That's how we're hiding from all
the other questions we're asking here.

So we take Polish Tarim plate that
the tissue culture osteoblasts will

not grow on it at all because
he doesn't grow on it last.

Well.

OK.

You can tell Polish foreign is pretty much
Polish Foreign Legion functionalize always

in the groups.

OK now the way you are comparing that
is we're taking a polymer that's not

it's not illegal.

It's an equal mix of left and right helix.

OK so we win a bet and
we look at us to blast that

compared to something that might
have just the left or the right.

So pretty much compare to the control.

It seems we have the here local polymer.

It works better for style attachment and
growth again your question is why is it.

Are we tweaking the Hydra Felicity
harder for versatile polymer.

Is the protein which is
Carl love the Carl surface.

With the grass or properties.

We don't we have not measure contact or
what the tension on the water

tension was there something that entails
chemistry of surface tension right.

We have not done any of that perhaps
if we do that there might be so

well there's a difference.

So we're just looking at simply
here is the helical play

that part in our Here is the mixture of
left and right here little works better.

That's all you know tough
questions to answer particularly

one of the things that somebody
asked me in the seminar a bit but.

Sixteen months back.

Was this poor absorption
on the surface and

there's a lot of signaling going on
really have to pick up the signal to

understand exactly how the protein
is absorbing on the surfaces.

You know so I think that is what we
would like to answer the question and

those are tough questions to answer.

If you're not a molecular biologist.

OK OK now we have polymers
you can make it in take it.

Is not beauties we can
make this very easy.

You very easy.

OK.

The services surface.

Good question.

Are you great restaurant over here.

I can answer you send me email or
have a card.

I'll get the answer that question.

We are very good at my grass students
are very good culture I'd never

join cell culture in my life I tell them
it's a titration and I'll go ahead do it.

They are very good.

So I'll give you a car if you
need interest knowing they

have a protocol they follow.

OK.

Follow different cells they do different
protocols even osteoblasts is a tough one.

It's a tough one to work but
they're able to handle it.

And these are materials chemistry kind
of students and their will to do this.

So again I can answer that but
I'm sure my grasp.

And yeah.

I'm saying more.

Thank you thanks.