What if your.

First.

Four.

Years.

You.

Just hear one.

More.

All this thank you very much for the
introduction good I believe often the now

good afternoon everyone First I like the
organizer for inviting me to speak here so

that we are talking about our recent
research on the aftermath of that in both

the lead in there and then learning their
routine so I'm not sure if everyone in

this audience are for me over the concept
of a metamaterials So I think for

the first up roughly thirty percent of
my talk I will be focusing on the more

conventional lean of metamaterials
including some of my results of quite

a few years ago and then also that I'm
going to move on to the more advanced

topic including online in there and
active control you automatic materials.

So before it is cost you the concept
of a mathematician is that just try to

first to clarify what is a material.

In the mathematics of course you can
say everything is on material but

actually if you can see the actual
mathematics there's a way we describe

the electromagnetic behavior of the doctor
it's critically related to the.

Here compared to the way of an answer and

a consideration because
there we see the whole.

As long as you look at it close enough
including a piece of crystal or

to stop you from glass actually it's
consist of so many at home in the store so

with a very lot to deal
basically we'll dramatic or

retracing to describe electromagnetic or
optical behavior for

example that you know why how you
would describe an optical microscope

if with us to kill off a homogeneous
is comparable to the wavelength and

the consideration in this case there
electromagnetic behavior is that

actually cover the boy diffraction and
the interference so

phenomena within this category includes
for example X. ray diffraction for light.

Or for X. through a OK for
Crystal in in photonics and

the also say the microwave frequencies
that we have in the face every panel so

a structure can be safely reverted to as
a material electromagnetic material only

when the studio of the home or directly in
the modest the mourner then the weirdness

and the consideration in this case that we
can trust to use the home would be nice to

mature parent person like of
the electrical permittivity episode or

Magneto permeability new refractive
index in impedance is the and the so

on to describe their home or the material
on power meters so basically math material

force within this would be a dream very
much like a sedan the creased a sedan

the optical material where the material
consists of memory that at home so

is their side and the separation much
the more than the wavelengths and

the consideration.

So the reason why we want to assume
body metamaterials are basically if you

can see the naturally occurring materials
especially at optical frequencies that.

We know that all for a lot of mathematical
behavior is largely cover the by this

the true paramita are not the electrical
primitivity sometimes call it the electric

constant or the actual function and the me
with a mathematical pygmy ability so

with all the values of these two pairs.

Because if we can classify different
electromagnetic materials at optical

frequencies of course all we have are so
many different very out areas including

semiconductors transparent crease
totally clear sagacity as the metals but

their optical behavior are largely
confined within an extremely narrow though

along this line along new equals to one.

So the the motivation the purpose
of method mature is Mr is to

expand this paramita space to
create a Sun is doing that or

not forbidden by Maxwell's equations but
are not readily observable in nature.

So let's start with
the relatively easy category of

metamaterials a so-called
electrical metamaterials

they are basically artificially
structured the media we are.

Prescribed electrical functions
are you really describe the by

primitivity function what the actual
function of it is out of value

this is not a very new idea because.

I would say I'm only half or
so until goal.

Of Engineers late like to use
the term artificial at that activity

seems like this one your helmet structures
are periodical it used to be rooted in Q.

Funk that rocked the matrix so what
you are looking at on this the lighter

methhead where matter is a famous example
of that they're locked in a function so

the electrical behavior of such a
mechanical arm measure can be described or

very similar to metals OK can be
described by a function or Drouet or

are more the likeliest one but in this
case of the two the parent us including

the past more frequency end of that there
can be proportionally controlled by

very in the chemical paramita
of the software mesh.

So Mathematica metamaterials
receive the much more attention

nice electric contra party because we
always want to create a something new

something that are not
available in nature.

In this talk I don't have time
to really discuss in detail why

there are no national curriculum.

In the attic and
met our response at all frequencies but

almost everyone takes this for
granted at all people frequencies so

you don't really consider the mathematical
primitivity knew you only can

see the electrical primitivity what the
actual function or more often than not you

can see the truth of external
reaching to call the refractive index

is some really are then the textbook
Lendl's that you see Emma forgive them for

you can find such explicit statement OK.

That's certainly no meaning
using the magnetic Mr stability

which are the similar to Mathematica
permittivity from optical frequencies

are all wordy and about the interesting
part of start phenomena we must put new

cause to one source a bend
of the text with knowledge.

So this narrow has been changed
dramatically over the past decade.

Let's put it through the rest meters
are like this one proposed by

John Pendry initially is
a probably the most widely known.

Building blocks for
our mathematical matter much to do and

there are certain condition the ring
this remains and the gaps are basically

still there as a L.C. resonator so
and there are certain conditions.

Current a loop in the mathematical typo's
can be excited by the mathematical field

the component of light so
the method that response from so

called at all awesome dress meters
to work for us to propose to and

the demonstrated at the microwave
frequency and there are smaller rooms and

there are very artistic has been.

Used not to demonstrate the magnetic
response at shorter and

shorter wavelengths all the down
to roughly the median for at or

near infrared one point five meters.

At love frequency or the wavelength
of the visible light on foot into

the this structure is not going to produce
any noticeable mathematical response

of because it does so for
the mantle saturation in fact through.

The are in the US and the frequency
these are related to the finite election

density in the metal so
we have to think of a better idea us so.

To do realize that to not go into
controllable magnetic response across

the in terribly the full
spectrum from we are designed and

fair became to this couple
the Nano structure so.

This is the experiment look.

Back on the transmission and
the reflection Sebag charm of the as

a couple and then the three percent each
sample consist of area of there's a couple

the national strips or two a layer of
the strips separated by a spacer so

you'll see that for the T M a pariah
defined as when the magnetic field is

a poor rise for a long list of groups
from the spectrum you'll see a number of

important features including a diffraction
feature an electrical resonance and

a more importantly a map and
that take a residence.

At the magnetic resonance of frequency
you'll see the displacement current and

the magnetic disparate some in the current
in this metallic strips of form a circular

loop and then basically that give rise
to artificial Magnetic a dipole so.

That you know why from such a structure at
a pretty square of the wavelength today

and you can have an artificial
mathematical response to

the method I've put in the system.

So you create a magnetic response at
a different wavelengths in the visible

basically fabricator a serious of there's
a couple and then a strip sample where

the strip is very to to locate the
resonant frequency at a different turn.

In different samples so what you're
looking at here is the transmission and

there's reflection images and
eliminate price light you see that are for

the G M A motor that means a magnetic or
wave

along the narrow strips you see different
colors in the sample indicate you.

We have learned that dependent to
residents behavior in the structures for

nonresidents A T E M O the when
the electrical fuel the is the price for

a lot and
then the strips are basically zero C.

nor are the dress and behavior because
in this case the is very much like where

a match OK The Strip really serve as a
clue to the metal the more reflection and

the last transmission for the longer
wavelengths that you the wife or

that the looting the metal the
transmission more the always the appear

to be bluish and
the reflection more the reddish.

So here we show all the.

Resonance frequency or
wavelengths of the normal strip

as a function of the strip obvious OK from
a both experimental data and there and

a little formula basically you'll see
that where your vary the strip of views

from a hundred thirty nine a meter down to
fifteen on a meter the magnetic resonance

wavelengths can be tuned from seven
hundred fifteen and a meter all the way

down to roughly four hundred fifteen on
the meter covering almost the entire.

From of the retrieve the magnetic appear
below it here you'll see that primitive

reality can have different values
depending on what he looked we saw for

the steep it can be very from a minus
one hundred five which is true or

maybe plausibly or ponder five if you can
see the blue color of the resonance but

anyway or there is a magnetic permit
realty is a substantially away

from the conventional non-magnetic
Elia from you is close to what.

So now that we have the magnetic
response and the control we want to

move one step further to create a sum of
the a more extraordinary that here is

a material with our now that
here in the absolute reaction.

So all that negative in that so
much here is pretty recent research food

it's probably not very surprising to learn
that a fuel scientific agenda actually

consider this phenomenon long before
the current method material research.

So the N.T.

parallel group interface would be lost
if it was discarded by Schuster and

the lamb more than the head of the year or
so ago and the more details are by.

Storm in one thousand nine
hundred eighty S. the first

systematic study of the narrative
in the actual material was.

Actually beauty through a bit of a circle
in one thousand nine hundred sixty eight

and the sea is about a fifteen year or so
ago or so drawn Pendry was the one who

initiated the recent the boom
of the Metamath your research.

So much for your question define the
refractive index are also called the index

of refraction at last
the group of their meal and

the whistle of the first pointed out that
if we both own a meal on that appeal

then a nap it was signed must be
still out here before this period

to stay to fight has ality So of course
this is not just a mathematical trick

we know that the last line of refractive
index has a fundamental impact on

almost all the phenomena related to the
phase of the electromagnetic wave So for

example if you consider the three
important Raptors elected a few

easy magnetic if you would eight and
of the wave after a then if Post and

the new and they have it here then
basically the the reaction the cave

the wave reacted against the.

Punching Bag you cross age so basically
when you how light comes from the air and

the incident apart now in that so much
you're not only is the reflected the beam

being burned against all common
sense the direction of the face

propagation is also directed
against the powerful law.

So previously we have learned that OK the.

Resonators.

A good candidate for mathematical
response Magonet now here will meal and

then the we are mashed surveyors
out there Lou to the metal which

might give rise to a negative way.

So by combining these two our systems

you should be able to get a Now that here
will refract mean dancing material so

this is exactly the idea before behind the
first one due to the or three dimensional

cue in the media in
the media at frequencies.

At optical frequencies Unfortunately you
can't really follow the same strategy so

I have no idea how to reenter the size of
the used complicated structure of the pie.

Roughly ten thousand times to make them
all working at optical frequencies

although we have the wonder for
our fabrication facility a sense to

many people sitting over here that I
don't think we can really fabricated.

Ten thousand times the last then this
one so we have to find better ways.

To demonstrate that the very first and

that he next meeting in
media optical frequency so

we designed an affair with Katie there's
a couple of the Nano structure it's really

a long time ago almost ten years ago when
I was a graduate student is pretty good so

for this group at a certain condition
the mathematical field can excite that or

N.T. parallel displacement current and
therefore give rise to Mathematica dipoles

in there's a couple and then the rather
structure the same it's true of me to also

stop at a silver electrical plastic
mass or it can give rise to nag or

letter Y. or based off subtlety or meter
we can't demonstrate or the very first or

now given that so
much at all possible frequencies.

So based on that experimentally
collapse the complex value of a meal

we can retrieve your dander the paramita
retrieval process OK Basically you can't

just a few that effect to a parent
herself or there are artificial media so

at the optical communication we have
around the one point five zero micro meter

the refractive index is a roughly
a minus of Europe on the series.

The first one that we next media is not
a really high quality one because of

the very limited and now he will value
of there are at least effective in there

along with a very large last chapter
never the list of experiment the shows

are convinced that the confront of
the existence of now the index of

refraction at the optical frequency is
today's the mainstream and the line for

the negative index of material is a
so-called of the fish in that structure so

actually it's really hard to see
the background of this slide OK The better

on the net I hope better images I see into
your moment so previously we know that all

the cup holders strip serve as
a good a magnetic metal material

which can give rise to inadequate meal and
if you rotate of the strips

area by ninety degrees then the structures
serve as I do to the metal reason.

So that you know why if you can buy
the fuel system so you can get the sedan

the double layer of the fission
that the structure is on the.

Negative index of refraction So based on
the so-called official structure people

have demonstrated by seeing
the negative refraction.

The yellow light frequency and

also the direct observation of just
reversed course now is the law.

In for either way of this so
now let's consider Let's look at another

from now OK or result of pain the on
this campus OK in this year in so

from now on so now let's consider another
type of metamaterials over the Cairo

metamaterials Corona he describes
a structure which are its mirror image it

cannot be superposed onto itself for
example our hands are OK This

doctor saw this the left hand which is
a very different from our right hand that

because it's Cairo it's a left hander not
only because it's connected to my left arm

if you cut it off it's a still left
hand you should be able to see this.

So so many in the term many.

Organic screw materials all can be a
commodity that you know what Carol it can

be widely used as are important to measure
concentration or to identify compound.

And.

To direct consequences of your karate for
light weight is not for

you first if you have a Cairo maturity or
the embrace of.

The two thoroughly porous the whiffs
OK Let's hope for the L.T.P.

left the super low price the way and
ask we will experience a different amount

of absorption when they pass through
our Cairo material and another related

behavior is folklore the optical activity
that is if the importer is a limb they

provide so then the output will be the
privation will rotate or by some angle.

Of course the effect of on
this slide is a substantially

over exaggerated OK in their
career material I could just.

A cup of sugar solution basically if there
is a rotation that is extremely slim or

the order of a military
resource is barely detectable.

So we can create an extraordinary drone.

Of the whole activity and optical rotation
and the so-called outraise them are from

a set of twisted arc of Cairo
optical metamaterials So

a structural collapse is why you
have the two arcs Weir's are some

lateral offset and also angle offset are.

In a structured along the the reaction
actually the fairly easy to think about or

such a structure if I ask you what
is the best the chiral structure

you might think of a hillock or structure
is the best possible Kyra structure

just consider the structure of
the circle privation itself OK So

basically just structure looks
like just the one pitch or

the open fire pitch of a helical
structure OK this will give rise to.

Very very sick dong.

Response because the doctor of
your interacted differently

we're the privation of handedness.

So all from the stimulation you can see
that OK just the drugs are has some

resonance the behavior and resonance of
frequency is related to the the reaction

or circular hand and the use of the
incoming light for the L.C.P. the left or

circular probationer the rest of it
over here at a different location so

then if you take the difference between
there's a true transmission crew we'll see

enormously large.

Transmission contrasts
the so-called circular to

describe the difference between
the transmission curves so

these experimental data you'll see
a very large transformation contrast and

also if you can see the optical
rotational angle OK at the near infrared

the wavelength of the optical rotation
what we call the optical activity or

it can be as a model of the minus
as a magnitude of fifty degree and

this is the many many orders
of magnitude larger their.

Conventional organic material so
just one more

picture through to see OK more artistic So
what you're looking at here is a similar

cup holder nano ox the drugs are designed
for visible wavelengths OK So

basically we've produced a metal material
pattern consisting of the two and.

The true and that means they are they
are mirror image of the charger so

basically if you look at.

The transmission curve
the four that you and

the tumors are exactly off of the to each
other because of the our Cairo counterpart

of the our mirror image of the toddler OK
based on the true and that unless we form.

Metamaterials Petter for the rest it's
called a yellow jacket the writer is not.

Of B. or
was when I show this image to my son.

He said it was for
be you know it's a yellow jacket.

It's a good start for this image that
you'll see here that's the rest is.

Basically Also the residence you
can hardly see this picture image

it's the resonance that we the listener
predation again the image is a uniformly

agree because of the linear
predation contents.

Amount of L.C.P.
in the R.C.P. but and still.

You're seeing the L.C.P. Also if you
clearly you can see the image and also

the porridge here of the sweet if you will
sweet of the super privation from L.C.P..

Soul so if and also the purity of
the meter in the relay to the through with

resonance you're going to heat if you heat
resistant resonance six hundred thirteen

then the meter base will see this to a
major if you have to reach through another

opposite address and so you'll see the
circular contrast to meter like this one.

So another more onto
the morning their behavior

optical metamaterials we don't know
general introduction to one in the.

Materials that no one in the OR optics let
me first just show you a few examples try

to convince you that indeed there
are many very exciting optical

nerve in the response
to a mathematician so

again you are looking at of the fission at
the structure improperly designed there's

a double layer of the fission
at the can give rise to.

Negative index of refraction at a certain
for example for the suit drug for

you are looking at here that these
out designed are now given that so

would the occur at roughly
one hundred the plastic and

I head to the twenty nanometer.

So this image shows the transmission and
the reflection curves

collaterally the boy from out spare Aminta
OK so now given that the bend Christiane's

here there's a shady the region around
the nine hundred something now in the.

Meter and all the same picture we also
plot the excitations to back from a four

second harmonic generation second
one generation means you shoot the.

Output and the excitation spectral
means you'll fix the intensity and

then you vary from the all the order to
see OK what Hallmark said How morning or

night in a second who get from
the structure from the leader the rest of

the behavior you'll see OK you have
quite a number of complicated resonances

from such a structure so you might wonder
OK we might give you the best possible or

are one in our generation and
the from an experiment or

you'll see though no one in their second
home or television reaches the peak of

value precisely when the now
see the most an additive so

another view them Jorge you know that
we can produce It's extremely large or

Cairo responses from such and then or
arcs to Dr again you'll see on and

then the arc pattern for the.

Goal and let me see basically this
pattern is consist of two and

the tumorous inside of the treaty
we have and there are.

Holes in the to be.

A.

And then OK Are these
not in the top hat and

will give rise to extremely larger.

And the also from this to an atom or
so you'll see the so

called that prism accruals the operators
to each other because they are mirror

image of each other.

And from this metamaterials pattern
you can get out of this a linear

image is in the transmission mode and
the priority of the it's a G.

to a log or is related to the circular
provide Asia basically with L.C.

people or other nations the treaty is a
dark background is a bright with all C.P.

The priority of this image
will trust us to reach.

And that now let's try to you.

See the same stem hole and
let's see what is that morning or

image from the morning very near to
basically we have just a shoot of

the stamp over the earth and
then try to collab to home March or

second what generation you can
gather from us such a pattern so

again you'll see our you can
clearly see the treaty pattern and

the puerility of this pattern is the
stance that here with you the direction of

the circular predation OK at with
osteopenia as a dark for the G.T.

L.C.P. provide for the future but
in this case compared to the.

If you can see the contrast of these
three major compared to what you get in

the linear E. meter for the mirror image
actually the contrast between these two

regions is roughly a factor for
two which he related to you what you

can get from the lunar transmission crew
but in the morning a major that contrast

is the extremely lot actually one order of
magnitude a larger than the lunar image

OK on the image actually the images
are not really good because.

You see a lot of the hottest border that
either because when there are you have

some.

Metallics to drag her
the local teeth into and

the medical greens can give rise to
a dish and no harm on your generation

that you the why you see the hottest bod
also in my lab I don't have a perfect or

care law again you state or so
let's just focus on the region

of light elimination indicated by those
two circles based on the two as a teammate

you can calculate the second
harmonic generation's.

So-called earth eighty three CD
image that is given like this one as

it is CD is defined the likeliest it well
you can trust a very between minus two and

the past few the contrast plus or
minus two means that infinitely large

contrast from the sh T. CD immediacy
that our metamaterials pattern actually.

Rise to extremely last second
home on a contrast many orders of

magnitude larger then their commission or
counterpart or

natural occurring counterpart.

So now let's just consider another part of
Actual Control in optical matter material

that is that we are going to use the
electrical signals to cure the behavior of

America material so we know that
metal material commonly just a real

wood as I feel it surely is drugged
her the material real a very exotic

optical behavior not found in nature but
basically we can just have your metal

material from a entirely new press
about here we know that many

many metal mature look like this where you
have to patent metal fumes separated about

that actual space or
you do the metal because you want some.

Designed plaster Mark response and
of course you need

to produce the just separated different
to metal part and also to produce.

Index contrast.

We know that the metals are more
than just a possum on the structure

rather then give you rights to it
these are the plaster model respond so

we can use the same a metal to serve
their conventional roles for for

example voltage control carrier
injection heat sinking and

for in the meantime you can use the active
with their lack of materials like

a pin junctions optical polymers for
can document yours and so

on to further functionalized the metal
material so basically we argue we should

go beyond the conventional vision
of you already met a mature as.

Exalted.

On officially structured optical material
so basically we argue a mathematician can

be viewed as I still contend and
I make platform that the support

of both electrical and optical
functions for many important occasions.

So the first example in this category is.

A single it's not a mathematician
is a single Metallica carry.

OK we demonstrated a quite a few
years ago or not quite a few or

three years ago OK
basically from a sort of.

Moniker resonator if you feel someone
in the polyamorous inside that is

harmonic generation can be proposed to be
controlled by the controller both teach

that either you are going to
use the electrical signal or

you the both you to signal to
control the harmonica generation.

So just a little bit introduction to
the second harmonic generation and

the electrical control so when the second
harmonic generation also called

the frequency W.
is the one in the optical process and

there are certain conditions if you have
the second or the morning the material so

called a kite you material then to force
a can be converted into a new food we look

twice the energy of the initial once so
this is you really consider that as a pure

optical behavior with a little electrical
functions what we are thinking of is that

for you it is possible to use
the automatic material and

then we generate certain harmonics taken
off from the optical metal material and

then because the material still not in
your city supply the electrical function

so let's try to use the electricity can or
to cure the second harmonium generation.

So the electrical control
the second harmonic generation

also called the youth usually
actually is not entirely new idea so

since over fifty years ago just a few
years after the first invention

of a laser in the way your after
the first a demonstration of.

Mourning the optics so to her in
discover that a by application of a huge

across a calcite crystal you can generate
second harmonic generation which otherwise

should have no occur because of the
crystal is a centrist symmetrical so by.

This effect is called the electric
field to induce the second harmonic and

Gratian So compared to the so then the.

Harmonic generation which
means only applies.

In Because through to me God in this case
to me got a cause to omega plus only got

plus a zero three response OK and
the will mix

is enabled not only by the for the men who
were at all make up at all also a D.C.

frequency with that here is a zero that
is the enabled by both your signals

to see if we're really the heydays of
money in the show scientific research or

even from for the motor OK we can support
a very basic research like this one

which probably will never be used for
four vehicles for

the anyway at that time that is
possible is too good for today OK So

in this research we plan to demonstrate
easy from our mathematical platform.

So the metal material end up with a mature
absorber OK that is just a metallic hole

or receptive to the bio
base plate by a spacer and.

And a certain condition or
within a certain way or surrender or

the incoming light can be absorbed hater
and a trap to within this space or

such a configuration give us a few
immediate benefits helping us to really

demonstrate or are the election really
controlled as it should be first

is a metallic structure that is somewhat
hideously supported both electrical and

optical functions are necessary for
that demonstration and also this is

the mathematical absorbers that help you
just start all the incoming energy through

the system or so and we know that of
almost all the norm in their interaction

that efficiencies are positively related
to the local intensity of light and

also we are both across this
a very tiny nanometer skew there

lacked a spacer that means that even for
just a one vote you can generate a huge of

a magnitude of the control field for
the electrical control so.

The metal maturity.

And for this productivity.

With a bizarre perfect at around
eight hundred twenty nanometer

that he lost center of the.

Later and the from the simulation
you'll see that the magnitude of this

the intensity can be increased by one or
two matters of orders of magnitude or

the humanities in fact
to be roughly seven and

therefore intensity is the graph of
the out of that roughly fifty and

more importantly within the.

Concentrator for the mantle way were and

the applied electric field of corn in
the early along with the the reaction

to the metallic stacks these are all
the preferred the configuration for

the you fish generation because in this
case you can make use of the most a prime

minister element in the Third Order
susceptible to her ability tensor that it

requires to resist easy and the way is too
complicated to describe it as theory so

let's see the beautiful scene that we can
fabricate in this our years into OK So

what you're looking at here is just
a cheap continue multiple devices or

single metal maturity wise the reason
the two electrodes connected to

even the layers and also the stent are
part of the metal maturity wise that is

simply the whole Ari or what you
are looking at here is the top layer

metal material pattern so
the fabrication of the.

Metal maturity wise the lack of this
one of course is a much more involved

compared to the fabrication of the metal
much your pattern itself because the many

additional steps are involved in you or
that you define the elaborate hole that

you connect to the electrode of to
a different part of the searcher and

also the quality of the base are in

the device it's also more the amount you
know because you have to make sure that.

There's no shorts no electrical
breakdown in the saw So

segregation wise is much
harder then a cubic.

Metamath your pet him.

So in the experiment of a second the laser
pulses are introduced through the system

through a number of predation in
the future an element in their hit to

the sample and those that want to
generation is separated from the for

the mantle where you will buy a number of.

Food an element and then interest
either P.M.T. for the multiplier or

a spectrum meter lucky merriment a work.

Carried out where that detective
signal was a lock that you either

her or a function generator.

So we first collect the overall one
in the signal from the Q Why so

result the application of the where the
control voltage are although we know for

structure like this one it appears
that you don't have a kite you in

such a structure because of
both of the electric space so

in the Metallica part of.

And more force OK in the train but
actually the Keitel

response is still possible because
whenever you have the metal interface or

there's some symmetry
breaking to enable surface or

enable the response so you see basically.

Collapse of the spectrum.

Vary in the excitation wavelengths at
any given wavelengths the overall not in

the spectrum features a sharp peak at
along the over us to that is the norm

in the ten second harmonically ratio C.
issue here the overall broader band so

for the two for the luminousness OK and
the for both part of this to

get both of these I mean two types of
are not interested in the harmonic and

really only true for the Lunesta they
are locally a hamster by the rest of

the behavior of this method mature of at
around eight handle and then a meter that

either why you see this local peak
you'll see the local people over here.

And so the two component
of the one of the stick and

also all aspects are why so very different
and also they have very different.

Predation behavior that's why
experimentally it's fairly easy to

separate the two apart the harmonica and
the ratio the predominately.

The reaction and the two for the
luminescence as expected is on polarized.

So the amount of second harmonic
generator is a critically related to.

It's critically related to the linear
resonant behavior in the meant but

you're up with Aba So here we plotted
up or excitations back from a four

second harmonic generation in that he was
against so excited spectrum which means

that you fix the intensity you vary the
pumper wavelengths and the try to see how

March second harmonic generation you
can get at each of these witnesses and

on the same spectrum we also plotted the
linear reflection chrome the reflash in

tip means the absorption peak
that here's where we are.

With a career in such a structure you'll
see that at the peak conversion efficiency

occurs precisely when you How were the.

Perfect absorption resonance
at around ten and a meter so

from now on we are going to fix the way of
lines at eight hundred ten and a meter and

then use our voters signal to control
the second home on generation.

From both the AC and the T.C. control
you'll see that OK or with the change in

the harmonic generation is the linear
through the control board for

example when you apply tempo to
the system you'll see that more normal

modulation tabs can be as large as ten
percent and the linear behavior is

because actually in such a system
you have both three from the.

Book Ab and also the symmetry
breaking induced response so

there are two terms of electrically
controllable modification

actually the last from the bombing and
so that's why you see the leaner crew.

And the similar to a suit then to
the second harmonica the racial.

In this way you fish generation there
are no electric field control induced or

second harmonic signal is the least
of the be quite radical too low for

the mental intensity and
this is also confirmed in the experiment.

So the demonstration of electric field
of control the second harmonic and

refit is just part of the story
based on the same material

platform based on the same device
architecture we also demonstrate

electric field to control the.

Optical rectification what it ought to act
is basically a very similar to a second

Harmonix generation or so tender
the optical rectification response or.

The second harmonic generation or minus or

me to zero is called the optical
rectification so basically.

This op correct cation will generate an
addition or or voters to going to across

the device OK And in our case
a basically the optical reactivation and

then able the interplay of
the three in the spacer and

apply the voter signals so
if you have the incoming for

the manhole way one and then the
interaction of these fundamental way we

end the electricity in the two
will generate some D.C. or

zero frequency one in the pariah nation in
the space of which give rise to addition

no electric and
also across the two pieces of metal.

And the American acute of correct
is a critical is related to the.

Applied water signals so
here basically you see the.

Excited back home of the second half of
the one in their generation in this case

optical rectification as
a function of wavelength and

also at a difference of O.T.
two levels of from the old to five volt.

And so basically you see at a zero water
you hardly see just a little bit OK

of the correct and the Arctic
a shared substantially when you.

Haue a control voltage or four or
five volt at each control voltage the.

Of rectification signal is
the resonance that how's

that because you'll see the local
PITA at around eight handle and

then a meter that is
the operation wavelengths for

the perfect OP thought and
also at it's a wavelength that

generated optical rectification signal is
a linear through the control voltage or

that is the indicated in
the inset of this figure.

In the magnitude of this I mean.

The norm in the control for optical
rectification is a march larger than that

for the second generation because for
optical rectification the only important

source for the generation is the morning
the stick the no in the gap OK is that

you know why the background of the rule
is zero is a very very small that is very

different from the second harmonic
generation because you don't really apply

any voltage or the entirety of Weiss
including the metallic a pattern for

the top layer will give rise to
a substantial amount of harmonics taken or

that you know why the more they have to
air that is rather limited compared to

what we can get from the electrically
induced optical rectification.

Another characteristic feature of
optical rectification is the Austin or

should that be linear to the fundamental
intensity this is also come from the from

an experiment you see that at
each are both into level you have

a perfectly no current between the OP
to correct the function of for

the mantle intensity actually
the slope of the curve

where errors are related
to the magnitude of the.

Voting to induce the kite you would.

If you are white the sloth for fire water
ballast is roughly twice as large as

the throw before the two
point five walked.

OK ten minutes so for the last ten
minutes I'm going to just introduce

the best of a small specific topic that
is the experimental demonstration for

long standing projects in one in a much
metamaterials or so called The the back or

the recent action in metamaterials So

the first mission is a one of the most
important factor to consider in.

Not in the way of mixing because strictly
speaking everything is a disability but

that means the refractive index that
is related to way of layers and

the efficiency of or

not in their generation process
are critically related to.

The value of all the way of the involved
let's deal second harmonic and

the relation as example the face in the
action means we're back to relation of.

Course to TWICE AS A lot has got or that
in that relation of entomb legal recourse

to N. or meager these conditions talk to
the police acted fired by fine human in

the orientation or
the temperature of one of the crystal.

So a face a mismatch generally give rise
to a very pro commercial efficiency and

was then the first American for second
harmonic generation look like this OK.

It close to two times kilometer or.

Two and only got there for the.

Way and the two are made a way where
we will be directed towards the same

direction basically for the mantle way
of gradually decay and depleted and

they will transfer to a second
home warning signal if a big if

if you have one they have to be in doubt
for the harmonic frequency cure me got

there are very exotic
It would appear OK the.

They were back to relation again is equal
to two times only got that you cover.

The boy by momentum conservation because
the momentum of a photon is symbolic

eight times or make up a story
each part time scale OK So this is

the momentum conservation recurring mentor
for the way of outer and then if you

converted this to the in that relation
the face of matching means the end.

To my nurse and our maker.

And we know that you are not given that so
much you're the wave after Is it

the reactive The Against or
the losers are pointing back to order and

if you follow that means OK So
we have a lot of this reaction but for

the energy flow of the face to match the
second harmonic generation is propagating

back toward towards the for
the mantle source so

this behavior was protected your cycle.

By a number of groups and
this is still waiting for

definite here with experimental
verification at the optical frequencies.

So we try to demonstrate a negative
impact for negative index a material at

the optical frequency is this of course
very hard because you know it's very hard

to produce a negative index
the media of stuff to shit on

a lens or
not to say that in this case you have to.

Tailor the refractory index at the Post
and The Cure Me gusta Martino silly is

almost impossible mission so
we decided to just turn

play with some tricks with the guy that
because if you can see the light and

then what's really important is not to
measure the index what your index but

rather the Mody index so you have one
additional degrees of freedom to previous

because OK you can play with different
amount and we do know how to produce

a knack to mean that some mode your
way of God So if you How are in.

A metal to metal waveguide A So
could a plasma waveguide if that there

is a separation the least the in and
the roofs.

To be in doubt is a lot enough that
the only bomb in a human propagation mode

we have our nap here refractive
index that is I mean demonstrated by

my friend Harry Atwater's group
I mean quite a few years ago.

So.

What carefully theory on
the material to measure paramita so

we can find a working condition for
this backwater these matching to occur so

the metal in the sewer and the spacer
has a stake in the use of thirteen then

a meter it's pretty thin
with the index of two.

And therefore the possible mode OK in
this figure we show the mode index for

both of those then the so called The
Magnetic a few the steam actually Comodo

that's a standard the motor
we all wait to consider and

also a very weird mode at a relatively
high frequency that is if you consider

the frequency range of the surface
approximate frequency and

the ball close enough we can see
not only propagating modems for

many more that has a magnetic
field that is symmetrical profile

more importantly this more the index has a
negative slope that means the face we lost

it here is a Against to the point of the
or against of the group of the last thirty

that also means the mode in that season
that you so by play you will mature

in the Connecticut pair because we
can locate the working condition for

the back order first match you we are H.
symmetric mode the at.

To seven and to the sixteen nanometer is a
face mashed up back where the face smashed

to the H. is to match the more the edge
of the Cure Me Got That is the lumbar

half as a lot I describe the respect
the index or the Mody and

actually the plus soup on the four in
a minus three point four respectively.

So it's hard to really stink up out of
the mall and look at the movies OK So

basically here are the trust to
the more the propagation for

the two plus mold OK H C M Actually for
the man where you are at

is this a longer wavelengths the end
of the second harmonic away at a short.

The events in both cases the power
imported in from the left so

that energy is a flow in from
the last to the right so

this is the sedan the platinum
although it's a very intuitive mode OK

you have the more the provocation and
the propagation along this direction so

this is the really weird thing
are actually in this case the energy for

low is from the left or to the right
a part of the face propagation either from

the right or to the left this is the
National Mall that we are going to work.

So it appears that what we need is
the According to that you lie strategy OK

you need to.

Learn in the material index
to a certain enemy to unstick

second is sandwiched between two.

Actually this one which won't work for
at least a curious since OK you really

produce or morning there produce
metal to metal waveguide.

The actual insulator layer and more
force to the be zero more importantly we

are trying to match it to operate them or
the one is just a matter of the other wind

it is a matter of the motor profile or
profiles are obsolete to each other so

if you consider the motor overlapping
factor for Norrin the generation

is precisely the or so that you
know why this should in the world.

To work around though there is a constant
actually what we need is a pool hall of

this guy the coal so
this trick was proposed and

the used a long long time ago or
as old as I am actually so basically

that either you need to disable the new
one in their behavior for HOV of this or

nor in their core you know that you
generate a non-zero overlap in fact.

So how to do this basically we are going
to apply voltage across of the processor

waveguide that you propose we introduce an
effective response more importantly there

is a very thin searching than we thought
that would get to beat it into two.

To house.

Fifteen enemy to each Weir's
are identical leaner response but

a very different and
norm in their response and

a very different electrical conductivity
therefore the effect here nor

in the response to will be enabled only in
one half of the electrical call so here's

the final plan basically we are going
to in the experiment are we start with.

The state of an item the membrane and
the end user has no oxide

to form they are the heart of
the electrical cord in there you play with

the metals to define the way of a glider
to have an electrical connection and

also you cut a slit through
the population or you are that you for

the input a couple and also for
the backward collaboration and or

from the simulation simulated
magnitude of the harmonicas generation

you'll see that OK the correction peak
is expected precisely where the face

mismatch is a zero that is
the wavelength that is the behavior.

It calls to mind as to amigo the working
conditions for backward phase and

you are not given X.
material So here's the major.

Experimental data still not population or
so

I just want to show one of
the future of the meter figure so

what we are looking at here is
the are excited that in the magnitude of

a harmonic generation as a function
of the pump a wavelength OK Basically

in the inset you'll see the polar our.

Dependence OK the amount
of the harmonic and

the ratio as a function of the input
the predation angle you know that for

such as the limit the light couple income
is only possible when the provision for

sleep with AC the while
you'll see such a behavior.

The important thing is that now
you'll see a peak behavior and

the peak occurs at seven hundred eighty
nanometer with the weirdest of the food is

half maximum excitation.

From roughly thirty nanometers that
is close enough to the experimental

reticle protection because from
the Syrian assimilation we expect

the behavior to occur at the seven hundred
sixteen and a meter with the spectral

reserve roughly twenty five nanometer is
close enough so we are very confident that

this is a strong indication that
backward face matching is occurring for

second harmonic generation
in this now in their media.

So.

I hope I have convinced you that the
optical metamaterials are interesting and

it allows you realize a very
unconventional very exotic

plan to be here and not observed or
even speculated about in the past and also

the unconventional property metamaterials
and provoke us to rethink and

reevaluated many established
rules in both the linear and

not in the region you know addition we
argue that optical metamaterials should be

viewed more than just it was all take
men made the material it can serve

as a self-contained dynamic platform
we are increasingly embedded

in the optical functions for
many interesting demonstrations OK And

finally I would like to thank all
my previous otherwise stars and

the current collaborators of
Professor Blatter asked at Purdue and

the professor Mark bring us tomorrow
at Stanford and the result to.

Obtain the after the year two thousand and
twelve what the made available

through the hard working and
the creativity of my students in the post

office show phone line they call and
you know how to do so

in this clip of our talk I have to leave
out a lot of background knowledge and

the maisonette with details if you have
serious interest the automatic material

you might want to read my book published
by Sabrina a few years ago and

preparing a second edition of this book or
so is a little bit outdated

this book is now used as a textbook or
made a reference to many university.

Around the world and the very reason today
is a celebrity to the the only winner

of this year's a good amount writing award
from post or essay and I trouble you

that was thank you very much for
that thank.

You.

Thank

you.

OK that's very good question I believe
you all are or asking let me see Has

the people so it's really not on
let's go back to a few pages OK.

I believe we are talking about this one OK
well I don't have a clear explanation and

according to some discussion
that I have some really serious.

In the community it appears that is
that one local response OK Basically

when you have a harmonica and
when you have.

The knack of index a band you have
the norm in non-local response to this

give rise to additional that
either related to the off or

third order tensor of the bass should
be reviewed here of of of a you OK So

that is a pretty hard Actually I don't
have a clear explanation that or

why I never publish a newspaper.

OK Thank you.

Thank you thank.