[00:00:04.20] this events which basically celebrates the work of dr. Clough and a [00:00:14.12] [00:00:14.12] conversation with you about some of the issues we care deeply about in libraries [00:00:19.07] [00:00:19.07] and archivists care about and archival organizations and in museums so this [00:00:26.04] [00:00:26.04] event is really one of the first that's been organized to celebrate the return [00:00:32.10] [00:00:32.10] of a whole library to the campus which should happen in a few months a couple [00:00:40.03] [00:00:40.03] months and we hoped that it will be the first of many of these kinds of events [00:00:47.03] [00:00:47.03] that are focused on academics the role that libraries and information play in [00:00:52.18] [00:00:52.18] this community and the wider community that we have I have a colleague in [00:00:58.07] [00:00:58.07] libraries Michael Gorman some of you probably know of him and he says that [00:01:03.10] [00:01:03.10] libraries are the marriage of practicality and inspiration and I think [00:01:10.11] [00:01:10.11] that this room and you might be able to see out the windows a little later this [00:01:14.15] [00:01:14.15] room really is an example of that marriage of practicality and inspiration [00:01:21.04] [00:01:21.04] because what we've tried to do in the physical facility as well as in the [00:01:26.09] [00:01:26.09] library programming that we've created is to turn the library outward toward [00:01:32.06] [00:01:32.06] the community and to have the library be focused on helping individuals and [00:01:39.15] [00:01:39.15] groups achieve their aspirations so when you look out of here you see the city of [00:01:48.18] [00:01:48.18] Atlanta and many of the organizations with which we work and we are extremely [00:01:53.12] [00:01:53.12] proud of that and hope to go on in terms of having these kinds of events as when [00:01:58.23] [00:01:58.23] the library reopens and then into the future there this this event was [00:02:04.23] [00:02:04.23] organized by the library faculty Advisory Board as well as the event [00:02:11.22] [00:02:11.22] staffed for people from the library who've been doing a terrific job of [00:02:16.04] [00:02:16.04] organizing these events a meet doshi and Catherine Mansi and Kimberly Golar [00:02:21.09] [00:02:21.09] subs and Jason Wright who's our communications officer so they are the [00:02:25.11] [00:02:25.11] ones that you should think if you have a nice time and I want to turn this over [00:02:29.12] [00:02:29.12] to Todd Mitzi who's is the head of the library faculty advisory board thank you [00:02:40.06] [00:02:40.06] everyone we're greatly honored to have President [00:02:43.16] [00:02:43.16] Emeritus Clough speak to us today on the topic of democratization of knowledge [00:02:47.22] [00:02:47.22] through digitization as chair of the library faculty advisory board I want to [00:02:53.04] [00:02:53.04] welcome you to today's talk which I'm sure will result in a stimulating [00:02:56.12] [00:02:56.12] conversation in the library faculty advisory board aims to host speakers [00:03:00.18] [00:03:00.18] with the potential to generate interest across disciplines on topics of [00:03:05.02] [00:03:05.02] relevance and matters of societal concern so I'd like to tell you [00:03:09.17] [00:03:09.17] something about our speaker dr. Wayne Clough served from 1994 to 2008 as the [00:03:16.20] [00:03:16.20] tenth president of the Georgia Institute of Technology and also from 2008 to 2014 [00:03:22.07] [00:03:22.07] as the 12th secretary of the Smithsonian Institution he also had previous faculty [00:03:27.17] [00:03:27.17] appointments at Duke University Stanford Virginia Polytechnic where he served as [00:03:33.06] [00:03:33.06] chair of the department of civil and environmental engineering and also Dean [00:03:37.00] [00:03:37.00] of the College of Engineering and immediately prior to serving as our [00:03:40.20] [00:03:40.20] president here at Georgia Tech he was the provost and vice-president at the [00:03:44.09] [00:03:44.09] University of Washington during his tenure here more than a billion dollars [00:03:49.02] [00:03:49.02] were invested in new buildings and campus improvements including the [00:03:52.17] [00:03:52.17] biotechnology complex technology square the nanotechnology building the Marcus [00:03:57.21] [00:03:57.21] nanotechnology building the state-of-the-art campus recreation [00:04:01.08] [00:04:01.08] center and the 2022 220 thousand square foot undergraduate Learning Commons [00:04:09.10] [00:04:09.10] which is now named in his honor so it's beyond fitting to have dr. [00:04:13.10] [00:04:13.10] Clough speak here at our renovated library and to help inaugurate our [00:04:16.17] [00:04:16.17] beautiful new reading room here in Crosland tower and during dr. cliffs [00:04:20.23] [00:04:20.23] tenure the Smithsonian more than 1 billion dollars in philanthropic gifts [00:04:25.01] [00:04:25.01] was raised more than 600 exhibitions were mounted and he presided over a [00:04:29.09] [00:04:29.09] billion dollars in renovation new construction project projects [00:04:33.08] [00:04:33.08] including the acclaimed National Museum of african-american history and culture [00:04:38.09] [00:04:38.09] dr. Clough is a native of Douglas Georgia he received his bachelor's and [00:04:42.23] [00:04:42.23] master's degrees from Georgia Tech in civil engineering in 1964 and 65 and a [00:04:48.15] [00:04:48.15] PhD in civil engineering from the University of California Berkeley in [00:04:52.12] [00:04:52.12] 1969 he's earned numerous awards and honors during his career far too [00:04:57.11] [00:04:57.11] numerous for me to list here today and his most recent publications are [00:05:02.04] [00:05:02.04] increasing scientific literacy a shared responsibility which came out in 2010 [00:05:06.18] [00:05:06.18] the best of both worlds the digital future of museums libraries and Archives [00:05:11.11] [00:05:11.11] 2013 and most recently things new and strange a southerners journey through [00:05:17.04] [00:05:17.04] the Smithsonian collections in 2019 please welcome me and well please join [00:05:22.07] [00:05:22.07] me in welcoming dr. Clough Thank You Catherine it's a pleasure to be here and [00:05:33.08] [00:05:33.08] I can advertise the first two of those books to you freely and easily because [00:05:39.21] [00:05:39.21] they're on Amazon and they're free you can download in fact the best is only in [00:05:45.20] [00:05:45.20] digital format the other book was published by the University of Georgia [00:05:49.07] [00:05:49.07] press and we have a lot of fun with the fact that the universe of Georgia Press [00:05:52.04] [00:05:52.04] published a book by the Georgia Tech president that's another story [00:05:55.05] [00:05:55.05] uh so thank you all and the group of the board for inviting me to make this [00:06:01.16] [00:06:01.16] presentation I think it's an extremely important subject particularly given [00:06:05.11] [00:06:05.11] where we are today in our society and the information and knowledge and [00:06:13.14] [00:06:13.14] discover and share every day by just watching a little bit of television [00:06:19.23] [00:06:19.23] these days when you think democracy we've heard a lot in the book back and [00:06:26.13] [00:06:26.13] forth in Washington about the founding fathers and what did the founding [00:06:31.00] [00:06:31.00] fathers think well the founding fathers you know live a long time ago but they [00:06:37.06] [00:06:37.06] really set the stage for what we believe is our democracy and it's an experiment [00:06:41.17] [00:06:41.17] we're the only country in the world whose national anthem ends [00:06:45.03] [00:06:45.03] question mark so we're still trying to define who we are and what we are as a [00:06:52.01] [00:06:52.01] democracy but George Washington sometimes gets overlooked when people [00:06:57.10] [00:06:57.10] are signing quotes and I did want to give you this one quote his farewell [00:07:01.17] [00:07:01.17] address in 1796 promote then is an object of primary importance [00:07:06.22] [00:07:06.22] institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge in proportion as the [00:07:11.14] [00:07:11.14] structure of government gives force to public opinion it is important that [00:07:15.20] [00:07:15.20] public opinion be enlightened you have to remember that at that time there was [00:07:21.02] [00:07:21.02] no mandatory education in United States most of the universities that existed [00:07:25.14] [00:07:25.14] were religious based institutions there were no public libraries or public [00:07:30.05] [00:07:30.05] museums or public archives at that time so he was really calling for people to [00:07:35.05] [00:07:35.05] help educate themselves this is the great Lansdowne portrait is in the [00:07:39.18] [00:07:39.18] Smithsonian that was acquired about 25 years ago [00:07:42.14] [00:07:42.14] thank you through a gift it was given to the Marquis of Lansdowne Marquis of [00:07:47.17] [00:07:47.17] Lantau became the Prime Minister of Britain he's famous for the United [00:07:51.19] [00:07:51.19] States because he supported our cause and that was favorable to the United [00:07:57.18] [00:07:57.18] States so Marquis has let it down and this is that portrait done by the famous [00:08:01.09] [00:08:01.09] painter Gilbert Stuart in 1796 and George Washington participated in [00:08:07.08] [00:08:07.08] defining the parameters for that portrait I'll just mention that to you [00:08:10.04] [00:08:10.04] when you go to the national portrait point out that there are a number of [00:08:13.14] [00:08:13.14] things about this first of all he's in black a modest man he wanted to be seen [00:08:18.20] [00:08:18.20] as a modest man he didn't want military men dread us out in his [00:08:23.14] [00:08:23.14] military uniform and had all his medals and but no he said I'm going back on be [00:08:27.20] [00:08:27.20] a farmer I'm gonna be the next president and that's the way I want to be [00:08:32.02] [00:08:32.02] remembered he has a sword but is that it is it's just not a sword for a battle [00:08:37.23] [00:08:37.23] it's a sword that says we are strong but we want to be your friends his hand is [00:08:43.14] [00:08:43.14] extended his hand is not asking for money it was peace reaching out in peace [00:08:51.12] [00:08:51.12] saying America comes to you in peace it's a very important part so I won't [00:08:56.21] [00:08:56.21] contrast him to anybody else but you can see what's important yes if I [00:09:02.12] [00:09:02.12] can get that to go I'm pushing the wrong button that helps so it's important then [00:09:09.09] [00:09:09.09] that the public opinion be enlightened so let's just run down real quickly so a [00:09:12.21] [00:09:12.21] quick reminder the first public museum presumably was that by Charles Wilson [00:09:17.12] [00:09:17.12] Peale the cabinet of curiosities as it was called in Philadelphia in 1801 the [00:09:22.05] [00:09:22.05] University of Virginia is not the first University by any stretch of the [00:09:25.05] [00:09:25.05] imagination but it was the first one where separation the church and stuff [00:09:28.06] [00:09:28.06] aside and that's an important thing he thought that science should be taught by [00:09:33.05] [00:09:33.05] scientists and not by feet people who had a religious bent so he was in [00:09:39.12] [00:09:39.12] Peterborough National a New York New Hampshire town library I'm told was the [00:09:42.22] [00:09:42.22] first library many of you would know that public libraries are Smithsonian [00:09:47.11] [00:09:47.11] Institution was founded in 1846 Georgia Tech these are all public and then 31 [00:09:54.20] [00:09:54.20] states in 1930 not all states required mandatory education so that's what [00:10:00.10] [00:10:00.10] Washington meant when he talked about these things so these institutions [00:10:04.05] [00:10:04.05] followed that instruction and now there's now 2020 and what's different [00:10:11.09] [00:10:11.09] about all that trace track through history well over 12.5 quintillion bytes [00:10:17.17] [00:10:17.17] of data are created everyday data not knowledge data about 20 20 s estimated [00:10:26.00] [00:10:26.00] at 1.7 megabytes of data will be created every second for every person on earth [00:10:31.21] [00:10:31.21] we're dying in this thing and of course rumors and conspiracy theories spread [00:10:38.14] [00:10:38.14] easily over the Internet these days there is as we know a growing distrust [00:10:44.03] [00:10:44.03] of science and scientists the integrity of science is just recently a professor [00:10:47.23] [00:10:47.23] at Harvard was arrested because he was seemed to be collaborating with the [00:10:53.11] [00:10:53.11] Chinese but that's kind of thing is daily at mistake news story I want to [00:11:01.22] [00:11:01.22] bring you to is the role of museums archives and universities you will in [00:11:08.07] [00:11:08.07] this society it still goes back to the full George Washington [00:11:13.04] [00:11:13.04] that's what I want to talk about tonight well digitization of collections is [00:11:19.20] [00:11:19.20] already here it's not finished it'll never be finished because it's such a [00:11:24.07] [00:11:24.07] massive amount of information it's just pouring out over but for example Europe [00:11:28.16] [00:11:28.16] Yana was funded by billions of dollars in the European Union and it digitized [00:11:34.04] [00:11:34.04] optics from 3,000 institutions including all all of the artworks which was not [00:11:40.12] [00:11:40.12] copyrighted so 15 million books still works more so cute resources almost [00:11:46.15] [00:11:46.15] overflowing here you others like where do you start it's over the Internet [00:11:50.18] [00:11:50.18] Archive which is in the United States is an amazing organization is digitisation [00:11:56.00] [00:11:56.00] activities going on there's 33 cities and it's used by not just the Internet [00:12:01.12] [00:12:01.12] Archive but the Smithsonian users so the Smithsonian doesn't want to put all [00:12:04.22] [00:12:04.22] those have a facilities in this space it wants to use third party but the [00:12:10.09] [00:12:10.09] Internet of archives is a third party through in digitisation for for [00:12:13.16] [00:12:13.16] everybody the digital Public Library of America 37 million images at this point [00:12:20.15] [00:12:20.15] is a new organization Smithsonian was a founding partner [00:12:23.19] [00:12:23.19] it already has 37 million things digitize it is clear the Public Library [00:12:30.02] [00:12:30.02] in New York 880,000 makes a lot of the biodiversity heritage library which the [00:12:34.15] [00:12:34.15] Smithsonian is a lead partner with 20 other institutions around the world [00:12:37.15] [00:12:37.15] millions of pages of great science books journal Charles Darwin journals which [00:12:43.22] [00:12:43.22] were scattered in many places now have all been digitized there one place [00:12:49.15] [00:12:50.08] it's free it's another amazing literacy the Smithsonian itself has its own art [00:12:56.08] [00:12:56.08] digital archive that they have fourteen point nine million records and that's [00:13:00.09] [00:13:00.09] still growing just one or the other so there is a lot there but why do you do [00:13:05.03] [00:13:05.03] it what do you do with is just going to sit there is it never going to reach us [00:13:10.16] [00:13:10.16] are we ever going to do anything with all this stuff everyone took the [00:13:14.15] [00:13:14.15] forbidden hug so let's think a little bit if you go to museum archive and you [00:13:23.12] [00:13:23.12] want to look up site Winslow Homer that's what you well when's the homers [00:13:30.00] [00:13:30.00] best works and one of his best works was this beautiful painting [00:13:34.01] [00:13:34.01] when's the Homer was known as an artist whose captured life they've captured [00:13:38.12] [00:13:38.12] action in his paintings the beautiful wave crashing over the blocks and [00:13:44.14] [00:13:44.14] telling stories so you can kind of see a story building out in this painting but [00:13:51.07] [00:13:51.07] when is it over built this talent in a very different way and that's part of [00:13:56.03] [00:13:56.03] why you have to find a way to stick deeper than just the greatest hits' son [00:14:02.07] [00:14:02.07] Winslow Homer when he was a young man he was working for Humphreys Weekly as an [00:14:07.11] [00:14:07.11] illustrator in Harper's Weekly said we got this thing going on over here called [00:14:11.08] [00:14:11.08] a civil war why don't you go out and see what you can find tag along with the [00:14:16.02] [00:14:16.02] Asian troops he was a first in bed in with the Union true for any troops and [00:14:23.00] [00:14:23.00] he Hebrews illustrations throughout the Civil War he was in the middle of some [00:14:28.08] [00:14:28.08] of the worst papal battle he saw Horus that was where he developed his [00:14:37.22] [00:14:37.22] understanding of humanity to what he saw was the mysteries of war so when he came [00:14:43.11] [00:14:43.11] out of that he took some of his drawing that he made a painting like this was a [00:14:47.11] [00:14:47.11] very beautiful painting of a man in a field setting wheat but if you look [00:14:53.08] [00:14:53.08] carefully at this man you kind of see he's pensive he's thinking he's [00:14:58.18] [00:14:58.18] something's dead at them involved and over here what he has in a civil war [00:15:02.17] [00:15:02.17] camp this is a Union soldier who's gone back home and been impacted by the [00:15:08.20] [00:15:08.20] horror of this art of war I think of a weakness that Bram Reaper then over here [00:15:15.23] [00:15:15.23] you have a Winslow Homer I went to Homer picture where Union soldier is talking [00:15:24.03] [00:15:24.03] to Confederate captured soldiers and there's a humanity in this painting no [00:15:29.05] [00:15:29.05] the point is that when you go to an archive sometimes they want to take you [00:15:34.02] [00:15:34.02] to the most things that they think you would like as opposed to the things that [00:15:38.05] [00:15:38.05] will tell you the real story so more and more these [00:15:44.15] [00:15:44.15] archival repositories the digital are doing their own curation and this is the [00:15:51.09] [00:15:51.09] digital Public Library so what's happening is more and more these folks [00:15:55.23] [00:15:55.23] are getting away from the sheer scope of digitization which is just grunt work [00:16:00.09] [00:16:00.09] and handing that off to third parties like the Internet Archive and their [00:16:04.18] [00:16:04.18] employees are asked to curate exhibitions from your cut this is [00:16:10.01] [00:16:10.01] important reaching out and Catherine talked about [00:16:12.19] [00:16:12.19] that take your knowledge base and give it to the public [00:16:17.10] [00:16:17.10] attractive public turn it into lesson plans for teachers so they will use it [00:16:21.06] [00:16:21.06] so we have to digitize to get started but the democratization is reaching out [00:16:27.18] [00:16:27.18] not staying back passively and hoping it will happen so now we brings me to my [00:16:34.19] [00:16:34.19] time at the Smithsonian and this story that I want to tell you there which has [00:16:38.07] [00:16:38.07] a lot to do with the same process and this is what we see from the air when [00:16:43.07] [00:16:43.07] you think about the Smithsonian the great National Mall the mall of [00:16:46.16] [00:16:46.16] democracy Washington Monument the great Smithsonian museums these over here the [00:16:52.09] [00:16:52.09] natural history in American history museum this little odd thing down there [00:16:56.09] [00:16:56.09] is the Smithsonian castle and my office was in the castle I never thought I'd [00:17:00.08] [00:17:00.08] have an office in a castle but I did and there's a marvelous experience there's a [00:17:04.11] [00:17:04.11] lot of work and a fascinating experience but that's not what the Smithsonian is [00:17:09.23] [00:17:09.23] it is that it isn't so we all go there to see the great museums and after [00:17:16.00] [00:17:16.00] history museum the biggest one in the world 1.3 million square feet in that [00:17:20.18] [00:17:20.18] buildings been added to over the years but only about 300 thousands and [00:17:24.21] [00:17:24.21] thousands open to the public because of the collections and the building and the [00:17:28.00] [00:17:28.00] research that's done by 300 PhD scientists working out of this museum [00:17:33.19] [00:17:33.19] and traveling all over the world and so you end up with a dr. hall of the health [00:17:39.04] [00:17:39.04] of the oceans which is a beautiful tenth hall of oceans which is beautiful so [00:17:42.18] [00:17:42.18] Henry welcoming all the visitors the largest [00:17:45.06] [00:17:45.06] elephant that ever lived supposedly and since I'm a geological engineer that [00:17:50.02] [00:17:50.02] dumb drove aquamarine which is a quadrille [00:17:52.11] [00:17:52.11] observe 10,000 carats about that high of an aquamarine so the collections are [00:17:58.07] [00:17:58.07] amazing now of course there are art museums there the original Secretary of [00:18:03.23] [00:18:03.23] the Smithsonian said no museums well 19 museums later you didn't quite [00:18:11.03] [00:18:11.03] get that run and they have plenty of Art Museum eight of them this is over the [00:18:16.00] [00:18:16.00] seventh Street is Ralston mall so you have the Smithsonian American Art Museum [00:18:19.18] [00:18:19.18] in the National Portrait Gallery this is by Bierstadt a famous artist of the [00:18:25.13] [00:18:25.13] 1870s and Bierstadt's always his mission to help Americans understand what [00:18:30.18] [00:18:30.18] happened when we began acquiring western territories and how spectacular it was [00:18:35.15] [00:18:35.15] that didn't look like anything in the east and he fudged a little bit this is [00:18:40.23] [00:18:40.23] not an actual thing he said this was in the Sierras but it included a little [00:18:46.21] [00:18:46.21] Yosemite to include a little plot you know all the different parts but still [00:18:51.14] [00:18:51.14] gorgeous gorgeous play and this is Obama's portrait it was just unveiled [00:18:56.21] [00:18:56.21] and is now part of the National Portrait Gallery so the art museums are [00:19:02.05] [00:19:02.05] spectacular and of course air in space everybody has to see air in space this [00:19:07.08] [00:19:07.08] is the one on the ball there two of them there's one it does a lot Delos Airport [00:19:10.08] [00:19:10.08] that's bigger than this one and has even bigger aircraft in it and it was pretty [00:19:14.02] [00:19:14.02] amazing proposition the Lockheed Vega and maybe Earhart's airplane is one of [00:19:19.21] [00:19:19.21] those beautiful airplanes I think that was ever built in the spirit of st. [00:19:24.12] [00:19:24.12] Louis Lindbergh and the space capsule of John Glenn we had to John getting [00:19:29.15] [00:19:29.15] lecture and I had the good fortune to introduce him every time we had the [00:19:33.23] [00:19:33.23] lecture I always got there early because he came early and he we left late [00:19:39.01] [00:19:39.01] because he didn't like to get there before the speaker was introduced so I [00:19:43.11] [00:19:43.11] would walk through these halls with John Glenn telling me stories and he would [00:19:47.22] [00:19:47.22] walk up and say you're agrarians spacesuit I don't know how we got it [00:19:51.17] [00:19:51.17] with me and he would explain to me how that was much better than his space and [00:19:55.13] [00:19:55.13] I said I should be recording this from history [00:19:58.05] [00:19:58.05] what are those wonderful experiences all right the National Museum of [00:20:02.15] [00:20:02.15] african-american history and cultures Todd said we just completed it if you [00:20:05.16] [00:20:05.16] haven't seen it this spectacular you have to get a ticket you don't have to [00:20:08.13] [00:20:08.13] pay the Smithsonian is free but so many people want to see it [00:20:11.15] [00:20:11.15] they can't they have to control the number of people in the museum it's a [00:20:14.17] [00:20:14.17] fabulous fabulous be live and it was a what work of labor of love for many many [00:20:20.06] [00:20:20.06] people Lonnie bunch was the director and he's now the Secretary of the [00:20:24.10] [00:20:24.10] Smithsonian and it's a magnificent Museum but the Smithsonian is more than [00:20:29.21] [00:20:29.21] that and I won't go through all the details but it has nine research centers [00:20:34.17] [00:20:34.17] and different places in the world this is up at about 14,000 feet on Mauna Kea [00:20:39.20] [00:20:39.20] the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory is the biggest part of the [00:20:43.04] [00:20:43.04] Smithsonian 1,000 employees they operate satellites from NASA people kind of [00:20:48.00] [00:20:48.00] don't understand that it's a big part of the Smithsonian the Tropical Research [00:20:52.13] [00:20:52.13] Institute this is an island the Smithsonian owns in the Panama Canal [00:20:55.23] [00:20:55.23] been there for over a hundred years but it's now does work in tropical research [00:21:01.03] [00:21:01.03] all over the world the Sun in departmental center called [00:21:04.12] [00:21:04.12] the Chesapeake Bay that works all over the world also regarding marine invasive [00:21:08.23] [00:21:08.23] species as well as others and the Smithsonian conservation biology [00:21:12.13] [00:21:12.13] Institute which is part of the National Zoo which the Smithsonian runs a lot of [00:21:16.00] [00:21:16.00] people don't know that it works all over the world in saving endangered species [00:21:20.07] [00:21:20.07] and so as I always said you don't have a zoo in show animals in a zoo if you're [00:21:25.18] [00:21:25.18] not doing something to save those animals and the Smithsonian does that [00:21:29.05] [00:21:29.05] with the San Diego Zoo and other great zoos and then there the collections so [00:21:35.13] [00:21:35.13] one hundred and fifty four point five at least last time I counted objects [00:21:41.10] [00:21:41.10] specimens mostly specimens because it's mostly Natural History works of art and [00:21:46.09] [00:21:46.09] works of culture it goes all the way from stratovarius instruments and that's [00:21:52.10] [00:21:52.10] in the national history of National Museum of American history there are [00:21:55.19] [00:21:55.19] 8,000 instruments in that collection of which some are spread immersed which [00:21:59.21] [00:21:59.21] they play regularly because I have to be played and so there's nothing like being [00:22:03.12] [00:22:03.12] invited and I go in sit on the front row and feel that music coming through your [00:22:07.16] [00:22:07.16] body jeomsun minerals 600,000 gems and [00:22:11.23] [00:22:11.23] in a huge collection of mineral in our history and then naturist as I mentioned [00:22:18.03] [00:22:18.03] has the biggest set of collections for example this is Chris Hagen who used to [00:22:21.19] [00:22:21.19] be head of the curation of mammals those are box squirrels it's a fine [00:22:27.08] [00:22:27.08] fascinating animals they're common but they are shy in South Georgia you see [00:22:32.21] [00:22:32.21] them much more commonly than you do here rock group and South Georgia has the [00:22:36.15] [00:22:36.15] most colorful ones they come in all kinds of colors they're just absolutely [00:22:39.22] [00:22:39.22] amazing little guys they don't get in trees much they jump around they're just [00:22:43.18] [00:22:43.18] funny entomology about 650,000 mammals in the collection entomology and guess [00:22:53.08] [00:22:53.08] what I'm holding here Yellowjackets [00:22:58.22] [00:22:59.10] 11,000 Yellowjackets out of 35 million specimens in that collection [00:23:06.19] [00:23:06.19] well marine mammals bird these are from South Georgia friend of Mines helping me [00:23:13.07] [00:23:13.07] out were right in my book and the director of curation for Birds six [00:23:17.12] [00:23:17.12] hundred sixty thousand Birds is Carla dove and they live collections they're [00:23:26.00] [00:23:26.00] trees they're all kinds of botanical collection but also the National Zoo [00:23:29.19] [00:23:29.19] twenty-two hundred specimens that are alive so now this is a historical slot [00:23:37.04] [00:23:37.04] it may not look like it and you may not be able to read it but I'm gonna show it [00:23:40.04] [00:23:40.04] to you anyway because this slide is this very slide I use to try to help the [00:23:47.02] [00:23:47.02] Board of Regents of the Smithsonian understand the digital enterprise that [00:23:52.08] [00:23:52.08] the Smithsonian represented so you have to look at it this way the guy who is [00:23:57.12] [00:23:57.12] presently sitting in front of all those people in Washington running those [00:24:00.23] [00:24:00.23] hearing his name John Roberts he's also the Chancellor of the Smithsonian so I'm [00:24:06.09] [00:24:06.09] at a table John Roberts is sitting over here three senators three members of [00:24:11.19] [00:24:11.19] Congress almost all over seventy years old [00:24:16.03] [00:24:16.03] Pat Leahy people like that and then public private citizen also not what you [00:24:22.15] [00:24:22.15] would call useful and I'm trying to tell them the digital [00:24:27.08] [00:24:27.08] enterprise and tell them why it's very important to the future of the [00:24:31.15] [00:24:31.15] Smithsonian and I won't go through this in detail other than to say the [00:24:36.06] [00:24:36.06] Smithsonian digital enterprise is far more than digitization there's [00:24:40.23] [00:24:40.23] digitization collection digitization is this thing here but we do all kinds of [00:24:46.04] [00:24:46.04] special imaging data management we do supercomputing for astrophysics mobile [00:24:51.03] [00:24:51.03] apps how do you reach people who you can have mobile apps to reach people [00:24:54.20] [00:24:54.20] collection search how do you search it after you digitize it websites have [00:24:59.03] [00:24:59.03] websites all over the place in the Smithsonian how do we get lesson plans [00:25:02.13] [00:25:02.13] out of this for teachers it should we games kids like games MOOCs public [00:25:09.11] [00:25:09.11] programs all these things and in fact revenue generation are part of the [00:25:14.17] [00:25:14.17] entire enterprise if you get into this game you have to do all these things and [00:25:19.16] [00:25:19.16] so I was trying to claim them and so as a result of having feeling I had was [00:25:25.07] [00:25:25.07] challenged and doing that I actually wrote a book about it I said by God if [00:25:29.21] [00:25:29.21] people want to read it I won't tell them as much as I know about this process and [00:25:34.06] [00:25:34.06] so that was that's the one that's for free and you can download so let's talk [00:25:40.17] [00:25:40.17] first that's just a little digitization thing [00:25:42.22] [00:25:42.22] and get that out of the way one of the first big projects that we chose to do [00:25:47.07] [00:25:47.07] which we try to automate was bumblebees now why don't we pick bumblebees there [00:25:53.03] [00:25:53.03] are 45,000 that we digitize actually 66,000 but 45 was enough and why don't [00:25:58.23] [00:25:58.23] we choose what people like bumblebees they don't think people very much you [00:26:02.23] [00:26:02.23] know there's a plot to confiture coffee row to clone don't piece of music about [00:26:07.02] [00:26:07.02] them it's really a bummer and people are studying because they're dying you know [00:26:11.14] [00:26:11.14] there's a problem with mobile wait they're pollinator so we said let's do [00:26:15.13] [00:26:15.13] this as a first project and so we digitized and so what that means is you [00:26:20.18] [00:26:20.18] got to go into the collections and pull out drawers and those drawers are full [00:26:24.01] [00:26:24.01] of this thing and every one of those little guys has to be pulled off [00:26:28.12] [00:26:28.12] individually and have a high-resolution picture made of it and hopefully get [00:26:32.14] [00:26:32.14] that high-resolution picture to the public as soon as possible [00:26:36.02] [00:26:36.02] but attach that little guy is a tag that's the key to identifying that [00:26:43.12] [00:26:43.12] particular specimen it tells who collected it what kind of is where it [00:26:47.23] [00:26:47.23] was this was collected in Lewis Washington in 19 I think 20 but you [00:26:54.12] [00:26:54.12] can't search for the little guy unless you have that information right and that [00:26:58.10] [00:26:58.10] information as written doesn't work it's got to be digitized and I want to talk a [00:27:04.23] [00:27:04.23] little bit about that in a minute because the curators don't have time to [00:27:07.21] [00:27:07.21] put all that stuff in the clicks this was being done by an outside contractor [00:27:11.04] [00:27:11.04] actually in terms of the digitisation this has this information has to be [00:27:15.02] [00:27:15.02] available in a way to work in a search engine where it doesn't do any good but [00:27:21.08] [00:27:21.08] we use the third-party to do the digitization so good uh okay the [00:27:30.01] [00:27:30.01] American archives of art belongs to Sicily and it has it has 35 million [00:27:37.15] [00:27:37.15] items these are letters from artists to their spouses to their families to their [00:27:45.07] [00:27:45.07] friends from other artists and the American archives of art is digitizing [00:27:51.04] [00:27:51.04] every one of them thanks to the Terra Foundation who gave them a huge grant [00:27:55.10] [00:27:55.10] but it takes years and years to digitize that and I'd love to read them myself [00:28:00.08] [00:28:00.08] you can always go looking cuz a lot of it's been done this is a letter from [00:28:04.01] [00:28:04.01] Thomas Hart Benton the great realistic artist who lives in the Midwest to a [00:28:09.19] [00:28:09.19] young Jackson Pollock who Elvis he has a completely different painting style and [00:28:14.12] [00:28:14.12] this is October 3rd of 1930 dear Jack saw your stuff in New York and later one [00:28:22.07] [00:28:22.07] picture that my brother has I am very strongly for you as an artist you're [00:28:30.03] [00:28:30.03] damn fool if you don't cut out the monkey business and get to work you know [00:28:37.15] [00:28:37.15] I mean that's that's the kind of intimacy you get when you get the end of [00:28:43.11] [00:28:43.11] these collections and you can see these things [00:28:46.10] [00:28:46.10] all right Esther physics I do this further [00:28:50.21] [00:28:50.21] garyun our fellow scientists here [00:28:54.18] [00:28:55.15] telescope was built at Harvard and eventually Harvard in the Smithsonian [00:28:59.15] [00:28:59.15] going together to create the Harvard Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory [00:29:02.18] [00:29:02.18] and that telescope was on the Harvard campus and it it looked at this look out [00:29:08.18] [00:29:08.18] in the heavens and they took pictures on glass plates for years and years and [00:29:12.13] [00:29:12.13] years and there are five hundred thousand last place that nobody ever [00:29:19.18] [00:29:19.18] looks at because you get them out you know where do you start so we decided we [00:29:25.01] [00:29:25.01] would digitize them and one of the interesting stories that popped up were [00:29:27.11] [00:29:27.11] these women there were Harvard employees they weren't paid very much and they [00:29:33.23] [00:29:33.23] were called computers human computers and their job was to look over every one [00:29:43.10] [00:29:43.10] of these plates and make notes and you see that note scribbled all over these [00:29:48.12] [00:29:48.12] plates five hundred thousand of them by these women who themselves many became [00:29:53.07] [00:29:53.07] great after physicists as a result that's what they made their own [00:29:56.19] [00:29:56.19] discoveries we can use these plates today and they're being digitized by an [00:30:01.04] [00:30:01.04] automated process there which is very complicated because astrophysics [00:30:07.04] [00:30:07.04] astrophysicists can study these and see things they can't see today and they can [00:30:12.08] [00:30:12.08] see how things have moved and changed over that period of time so this is [00:30:16.05] [00:30:16.05] extremely valuable resource five hundred thousand they're still [00:30:20.15] [00:30:20.15] doing it digitisation no so what about all that [00:30:24.18] [00:30:24.18] metadata my god it's just mind-boggling the curator started don't have time to [00:30:29.10] [00:30:29.10] do that right so we were fortunate to when President Obama was in office [00:30:35.11] [00:30:35.11] against a White House fellows to get three of those that came from Silicon [00:30:40.05] [00:30:40.05] Valley and they came over and they said we got an idea for you we think we can [00:30:44.02] [00:30:44.02] help you with a volunteer Center a digital volunteer Center and so this is [00:30:48.06] [00:30:48.06] called the transcription center of the Smithsonian Smithsonian digital [00:30:52.16] [00:30:52.16] volunteer Center if you go there today you will see posted things we're doing [00:30:59.16] [00:30:59.16] projects if you like bumblebees you like numismatics you like glass plates you [00:31:06.15] [00:31:06.15] can help and you can help the Smithsonian take this data in this [00:31:10.16] [00:31:10.16] information and put it into a digital format today there are 15,000 people in [00:31:17.05] [00:31:17.05] heaven zero we started it now there are 15,000 people doing this work for the [00:31:23.00] [00:31:23.00] Smithsonian that it could not do itself that gets checked but that's what is my [00:31:26.23] [00:31:26.23] big problem in our first started was there were two young women Clintons from [00:31:31.04] [00:31:31.04] New Zealand who had been laid off from their museum they have anything to do [00:31:35.12] [00:31:35.12] and every time we put up a project they did it and we finally had to tell them [00:31:39.15] [00:31:39.15] slow down there are other people who want to do [00:31:43.13] [00:31:43.13] this so we had that was only probably ever had a volunteers getting out in [00:31:47.06] [00:31:47.06] front of us the lovely people like we have blogs with them it were great thing [00:31:50.22] [00:31:50.22] this persona has the largest collection of folk music in the world from this [00:31:56.23] [00:31:56.23] country as well as all over the world it digitized that stuff long time ago [00:32:01.16] [00:32:01.16] because they can make money on it you can buy all did the Folklife information [00:32:06.10] [00:32:06.10] from dead Joe spoke ways over iTunes and other sources supposedly idea was to [00:32:12.06] [00:32:12.06] generate some revenue and it worked but it's a huge resource of people I [00:32:17.12] [00:32:17.12] mentioned this one because this is a different way it turned out very useful [00:32:21.16] [00:32:21.16] to researchers to use digitization and this was a site where a discovery was [00:32:26.15] [00:32:26.15] made in the Atacama Desert in Chile they were building a highway of whale fossils [00:32:32.10] [00:32:32.10] and they contacted Nick painting is a marvelous marine biologist he came down [00:32:38.04] [00:32:38.04] and he so many of them not just one they said how long do you need to work on [00:32:43.16] [00:32:43.16] this he said I need about five years they said we're going to give you about [00:32:46.07] [00:32:46.07] two months he called up our three-dimensional digital experts they [00:32:50.03] [00:32:50.03] went down to digitize these things and that's the way he did his studies and it [00:32:55.16] [00:32:55.16] turns out with the whale nursery and there was a red tide event then they [00:32:59.05] [00:32:59.05] died and I'll talk a little bit about digitalization and printing but you can [00:33:03.19] [00:33:03.19] also print these things out [00:33:06.21] [00:33:08.04] the three-dimensional collection is still growing there about 400 objects in [00:33:12.07] [00:33:12.07] the three-dimensional collection started when I was there these are full [00:33:15.11] [00:33:15.11] three-dimensional images that you can adjust and turn around and look at and [00:33:20.11] [00:33:20.11] download high-resolution available to the public it's free great for teachers [00:33:25.23] [00:33:25.23] and if you connect up to a printer you can print them out be careful about the [00:33:31.08] [00:33:31.08] scale that NamUs was a big mammoth that's what it looks like when you print [00:33:35.20] [00:33:35.20] it out at the right scale I just want to quickly touch on a couple other cases [00:33:44.01] [00:33:44.01] where digitization is used for education the Smithsonian does a lot of oceans [00:33:48.06] [00:33:48.06] research this is the in Panama this is a is the home Chesapeake Bay this is Kerry [00:33:57.13] [00:33:57.13] boki alphab lee's and this is coconut island in Hawaii this facility and has [00:34:02.21] [00:34:02.21] scientists working and all these let's now say one thing about oceans research [00:34:07.07] [00:34:07.07] from my point of view it's fun ocean researchers have the most fun the best [00:34:15.18] [00:34:15.18] food after you've been out in the ocean scuba diving or snorkeling looking at [00:34:19.16] [00:34:19.16] all these amazing things in the ocean listening to these scientists she's come [00:34:22.16] [00:34:22.16] in so fired up you're ready for a beer and it's the best beer you've ever [00:34:26.09] [00:34:26.09] tasted so that was karaoke with the folks out [00:34:30.01] [00:34:30.01] there an amazing amazing place but what we really want to talk about is what do [00:34:34.15] [00:34:34.15] we do with all that stuff and oceans Hall is one way to see it but they have [00:34:39.01] [00:34:39.01] a website this was endowed by the same donor who and down the hall that changes [00:34:45.00] [00:34:45.00] every day and if you look at the little spots here penguins [00:34:50.06] [00:34:50.06] ocean through time it's in it it's updated every day for teachers and if [00:34:56.02] [00:34:56.02] you go over here it says educators all kinds of lesson plans for educators so [00:35:00.10] [00:35:00.10] you're taking that data and putting it out into public domain this is the regio [00:35:06.03] [00:35:06.03] of marine observational network funded by our friend Michael Tannenbaum and [00:35:09.21] [00:35:09.21] that data all that data collected all over the world on changing marine [00:35:13.23] [00:35:13.23] environments is available to the public the whole scientists and to the public [00:35:20.00] [00:35:20.12] yes the physical observatories this is Las Campanas the great Magellan [00:35:26.09] [00:35:26.09] telescopes and the new one being built the giant Magellan this is at the [00:35:29.18] [00:35:29.18] Antarctic the Smithsonian scientists work there [00:35:31.21] [00:35:31.21] a lot of chaos this is me just showing you these things are huge I always have [00:35:37.23] [00:35:37.23] to show this picture because you go to Las Campanas and you're in you know a [00:35:41.19] [00:35:41.19] different hemisphere and you see the Milky Way that's what it looks like and [00:35:45.20] [00:35:45.20] when you walk out you can't help but just stop and be routed to where you are [00:35:51.23] [00:35:51.23] because it's something yes but that's all you can see all that the smithsonian [00:35:59.05] [00:35:59.05] observatory website every one of these things has hundreds of photographs and [00:36:05.01] [00:36:05.01] educational information for teachers behind it we try to give students and [00:36:12.20] [00:36:12.20] faculty and families the best feel they can get for these things and when I went [00:36:18.12] [00:36:18.12] to the Smithsonian Observatory Harvard down in the basement there was a solar [00:36:21.13] [00:36:21.13] research group getting real-time information about the Sun it's amazing [00:36:26.21] [00:36:26.21] this is not a static image folks see those things out here these wild and [00:36:31.01] [00:36:31.01] hairy think those are atomic and hydrogen bombs going off blowing out [00:36:34.18] [00:36:34.18] hundreds of miles you may know the corona the Sun is hotter than the core [00:36:39.21] [00:36:39.21] nobody knows why they're studying them and I thought two things one I thought [00:36:44.19] [00:36:44.19] you know the Sun is doing a listen it doesn't give a hang if we're here or not [00:36:48.22] [00:36:48.22] it's up to us to make sure we're here and then I said you got to get this out [00:36:54.14] [00:36:54.14] and a donor give us some money and you can now see this at the Aerospace Museum [00:36:59.21] [00:36:59.21] all the kids can sit they can also use our telescopes in different [00:37:04.17] [00:37:04.17] observatories their small telescopes that are available to teachers and [00:37:08.07] [00:37:08.07] students to use working with our science at the Smithsonian Sciences so that's [00:37:13.11] [00:37:13.11] another way to reach people and get them engaged in science mobile apps lots and [00:37:21.03] [00:37:21.03] lots of mobile out go to the iPad to go to the App Store they're all free [00:37:25.08] [00:37:25.08] download them there's a no one's skin and bones you can just see what the [00:37:29.10] [00:37:29.10] skeletons of every animal looks like pretty amazing [00:37:32.15] [00:37:32.15] identifying species trees fish got his locker got fun game for kids this one if [00:37:38.23] [00:37:38.23] you take a picture of relief and tell you what country it is and if you tell [00:37:43.19] [00:37:43.19] the Smithsonian you took at the Smithsonian knows where that tree is and [00:37:46.23] [00:37:46.23] so the Smithsonian is tracking the growth and none growth of trees based on [00:37:51.13] [00:37:51.13] citizen science so getting custody in here one other thing we did was we [00:37:59.20] [00:37:59.20] created a digital dashboard so everybody in the world could see what the [00:38:03.17] [00:38:03.17] Smithsonian was doing its way of going public with that information when I went [00:38:08.01] [00:38:08.01] to the Smithsonian websites usage was not tracked so I can't tell you what it [00:38:11.13] [00:38:11.13] was it wasn't very much but this is what it was yesterday 154 million visitors to [00:38:19.01] [00:38:19.01] the websites in 2019 and you can see the growth social media there was no social [00:38:27.11] [00:38:27.11] media when I went to Smithsonian I said man we got to get in the game here and [00:38:30.23] [00:38:30.23] we created a social media group three hundred and seven point six million [00:38:36.21] [00:38:36.21] YouTube views sixteen point six million followers I know Donald Trump has 60 [00:38:43.05] [00:38:43.05] million but that's pretty good for a cultural institution an [00:38:49.01] [00:38:49.01] educational program we're out sensing education lesson plans the teachers all [00:38:55.16] [00:38:55.16] over the world 10 million now think about that [00:38:59.21] [00:38:59.21] 15 years ago those numbers didn't exist they exist today because of digitization [00:39:05.00] [00:39:05.00] and because of outrage all right just a big glossy thing when we landed the [00:39:12.11] [00:39:12.11] shuttle Discovery who came in flew in it was retired to the Smithsonian it's now [00:39:18.05] [00:39:18.05] in the Dulles Air Base Museum almost blew over when it landed that was I was [00:39:22.19] [00:39:22.19] standing right over here and I thought my god if it falls over and it's been [00:39:27.21] [00:39:27.21] through 149 million miles in space and we're responsible for I was a fabulous [00:39:35.04] [00:39:35.04] day and when the two company we gave up the shuttle we had which was a shuttle [00:39:40.07] [00:39:40.07] Endeavour flew in space and the 39 commanders of the 39 missions [00:39:44.18] [00:39:44.18] behind us John Glenn gave the talk in a hot Sun 20,000 people were there two of [00:39:49.21] [00:39:49.21] those commanders were Georgia Tech graduates and it was said by NASA who we [00:39:55.22] [00:39:55.22] work with together with on social event 1 billion people were involved in social [00:40:01.09] [00:40:01.09] media that's another outreach for MIT I wrote [00:40:04.23] [00:40:04.23] a book about the Smithsonian collections this one does cost you some money I [00:40:08.15] [00:40:08.15] don't get any of it how Goodson's at this onehans far as I'm concerned the [00:40:12.11] [00:40:12.11] University of Georgia press publishes a beautiful publication job about the [00:40:16.11] [00:40:16.11] Smithsonian collections and how you explain where you came from I use it to [00:40:22.18] [00:40:22.18] understand how a place called South Georgia became South Georgia over 13,000 [00:40:28.11] [00:40:28.11] years over a set of collection I learned things I never imagined now I had access [00:40:34.20] [00:40:34.20] to the collections true but more and more I began to rely on the digital [00:40:38.14] [00:40:38.14] collections as they grew you can do it yourself you can learn about yourself [00:40:42.15] [00:40:42.15] you know it's a new way of using collections not sure I just telling you [00:40:46.18] [00:40:46.18] what to do you do it and then you can tack to curator if you have a question [00:40:52.04] [00:40:52.04] this is a kind of a fun last one here if I can get this to work I don't know I [00:40:57.17] [00:40:57.17] guess I can't get that to work let's give it I don't know how you trigger [00:41:02.06] [00:41:02.06] these things huh Tibet buddy have any idea I would like to crank this baby up [00:41:09.17] [00:41:09.17] top Anita to hit it with something ah [00:41:16.05] [00:41:17.22] where is it come on don't go away now [00:41:22.18] [00:41:22.20] okay can you bring up that little thing that started for us there you go [00:41:32.06] [00:41:32.23] if you can hit that little guy yeah okay get ready [00:41:41.11] [00:41:47.07] I'm pardon me for the bad acting that was a big roar [00:41:59.01] [00:42:02.23] okay so the point interest there's more to come that we're just getting started [00:42:07.15] [00:42:07.15] when it comes to using digital digital technology but the other point is you [00:42:12.17] [00:42:12.17] can't be passive about it obviously the people running elections today know you [00:42:16.22] [00:42:16.22] can't be there picking up on who people are that walk within the vicinity of [00:42:21.12] [00:42:21.12] their rallies they know you're there and they will contact you that's what the [00:42:27.16] [00:42:27.16] people are doing with information today the libraries Museum and Archives need [00:42:32.06] [00:42:32.06] to be aggressive on the behalf of our democracy to let people know what's [00:42:39.21] [00:42:39.21] available and to help to learn about what George Washington said so that's my [00:42:45.03] [00:42:45.03] story thank you for inviting me thank [00:42:52.20] [00:42:52.20] you so very much present a cloth thank you [00:42:56.12] [00:42:56.12] and we would like to uh we'd like to ask anyone who has questions to please have [00:43:01.23] [00:43:01.23] edit I'm gonna have one microphone for this side of the room and I believe this [00:43:07.05] [00:43:07.05] side are you gonna go there okay well start getting ready up on this table I [00:43:11.11] [00:43:11.11] have some things that we actually printed out from the Smithsonian [00:43:14.17] [00:43:14.17] collections am i doing okay so we've got this Columbian mammoth which the first [00:43:21.14] [00:43:21.14] example of a Columbian mammoth was discovered in South Georgia and end up [00:43:26.22] [00:43:26.22] in the Smithsonian collections there is a picture there is a three-dimensional [00:43:31.02] [00:43:31.02] image of yours truly along with the t-rex this one you can see anybody can [00:43:38.02] [00:43:38.02] print that out on the cheek printer and this is one of four we did a full [00:43:43.05] [00:43:43.05] three-dimensional high-resolution image of President Obama at his request and I [00:43:48.05] [00:43:48.05] got one now the big one is in the National Portrait Gallery he said it [00:43:51.15] [00:43:51.15] made him look better than he looked but I'm not sure they're welcome to come [00:43:56.04] [00:43:56.04] up after don't touch that guy he's a little delicate yes [00:44:02.00] [00:44:04.02] thank you for thank you for sharing that with us I find it very very interesting [00:44:09.03] [00:44:09.03] my question has to do with black and white text documents and I know that [00:44:14.23] [00:44:14.23] there's lots of digitization going on and you want to make it accessible and [00:44:18.15] [00:44:18.15] stuff like that the one thing you didn't mention that I'm hoping somebody's [00:44:22.09] [00:44:22.09] thinking about is let's call it translation so lots of books get scanned [00:44:28.19] [00:44:28.19] in but they may be in Latin or ancient Greek or ancient or old you know [00:44:32.06] [00:44:32.06] beautiful German or something like that and they're effectively unavailable to [00:44:37.01] [00:44:37.01] most people are there efforts underway to try get those you know through [00:44:41.17] [00:44:41.17] optical character recognition and then maybe Google Translate or something like [00:44:46.01] [00:44:46.01] that to give them in a form we can use yes we're good question about [00:44:49.16] [00:44:49.16] translation from different languages I'm not an expert of that somebody else [00:44:53.10] [00:44:53.10] probably knows more but I do know there are devices AI devices that will [00:44:57.15] [00:44:57.15] translate that kind of material for you and that probably is the second I forgot [00:45:02.23] [00:45:02.23] to mention incidentally I shot Gail from computer science is working with the [00:45:07.15] [00:45:07.15] Smithsonian because the other one one of the problems you have with these big [00:45:11.06] [00:45:11.06] collections is what how do you get into them right and even if you kind of know [00:45:15.22] [00:45:15.22] what you're looking for if you're going into a collection with 435 million [00:45:18.20] [00:45:18.20] things that's you know you don't know if you're ever getting closer that and what [00:45:22.16] [00:45:22.16] he's trying to work with them on is as people ask questions as they then never [00:45:27.02] [00:45:27.02] find their questions the AI agent can help take them to the place they want to [00:45:31.16] [00:45:31.16] go to so there are a lot of these agents that I think will have eventually that [00:45:35.17] [00:45:35.17] will help us do all that that's a funded by the National Science Foundation grant [00:45:40.14] [00:45:41.21] whatever you need to talk to his folks on the side get here very quick [00:45:47.12] [00:45:47.12] follow-on is my experience is that even if you take these texts and you type [00:45:51.18] [00:45:51.18] them in and let Google Translate work on them it still is what they're hungry [00:45:56.04] [00:45:56.04] they go take out him improve we're just getting started another question [00:46:02.08] [00:46:03.13] so Google has been developing the Google Arts and Culture site and I wondered if [00:46:08.19] [00:46:08.19] you had any thoughts or insights into that the question was about the Google's [00:46:13.07] [00:46:13.07] work when you know when Google first got into this game then we're going to [00:46:17.17] [00:46:17.17] digitize all the books in the world remember that and they were gonna [00:46:21.00] [00:46:21.00] digitize all they are tomorrow and they forgot about a little thing called [00:46:23.23] [00:46:23.23] intellectual property right and so they said well we just come in to Smithsonian [00:46:29.22] [00:46:29.22] Museum and we'll take pictures of everything on your walls and and you [00:46:33.21] [00:46:33.21] know we'll tell people you've got this stuff and of course we will take the [00:46:36.18] [00:46:36.18] images and use them away we want to and we said no it doesn't work that way [00:46:40.01] [00:46:40.01] first of all many of the things that are the walls of the persona don't belong to [00:46:43.22] [00:46:43.22] the Smithsonian they're copyrighted by the artist by the ordinance family about [00:46:47.10] [00:46:47.10] foundation their photographs in the National Portrait Gardens I use in my [00:46:51.11] [00:46:51.11] book because I have to go to Conde Nast and pay them to get the image and the [00:46:57.18] [00:46:57.18] first big push died basically after spending probably close to 100 million [00:47:02.10] [00:47:02.10] dollars because they simply couldn't get over this plus from the Smithsonian's [00:47:07.06] [00:47:07.06] point of view was do we really want this all this hard work dispersed owned and [00:47:11.13] [00:47:11.13] put in for you know 180 years to be owned by Google well we wanted to have a [00:47:17.17] [00:47:17.17] say-so about what was going to happen it know to some extent many of the [00:47:21.08] [00:47:21.08] collections are particularly if they're public domain anything can anything goes [00:47:26.09] [00:47:26.09] and we used to worry about you know the George Washington portrait somebody [00:47:30.05] [00:47:30.05] putting on you know lewd underwear on George and we decided for public domain [00:47:36.06] [00:47:36.06] that's the risk you take and that will come with it others you might have a [00:47:42.13] [00:47:42.13] different thing you know there are many other reasons you don't do it in arts [00:47:45.18] [00:47:45.18] different art fortunately art collections are relatively small I'll [00:47:49.21] [00:47:49.21] say that in contrast to say 35 million in sex you just you have lots of [00:47:56.04] [00:47:56.04] intellectual property issues there and you know families like Jackson Pollock's [00:47:59.17] [00:47:59.17] they hold on to these things forever today so those those don't go away you [00:48:05.10] [00:48:05.10] know when it comes to things like insects and things of that sort it's a [00:48:08.14] [00:48:08.14] sort of a different domain the scientists want to at least be able to [00:48:12.18] [00:48:12.18] inform people about what they are but you raised a very good point and it's [00:48:16.18] [00:48:16.18] hasn't been answered terminology [00:48:20.08] [00:48:26.09] there I volunteer a lot with Girl Scouts and trained a lot of the Girl Scout [00:48:32.09] [00:48:32.09] leaders and I'm glad I'm informed about the lesson plans from K through 12 four [00:48:39.13] [00:48:39.13] different subjects do you have something specific for Girl Scouts portable for [00:48:46.02] [00:48:46.02] Girl Scouts do you have any on the Smithsonian website do you have any [00:48:53.09] [00:48:53.09] information that would help Girl Scout leaders do badges on stem Oh about STEM [00:48:59.10] [00:48:59.10] work yeah yeah the Smithsonian has a whole film organization so in education [00:49:06.22] [00:49:06.22] another one of those subjects is persona it gets a little complicated every [00:49:10.16] [00:49:10.16] museum has an education staff and particularly not for history has a stem [00:49:16.16] [00:49:16.16] staff but they tend to be compartmentalized you know so the it [00:49:21.18] [00:49:21.18] tends to you tend to have more STEM education say in Natural History for an [00:49:26.07] [00:49:26.07] organization that has an exhibition like oceans and more recently deep time and [00:49:32.07] [00:49:32.07] they have lesson plans galore and what we've tried to do at the Smithsonian [00:49:36.07] [00:49:36.07] because their budgets been cut and cut and cut part of their budget comes from [00:49:38.18] [00:49:38.18] the federal government partly comes from private the part that comes to the [00:49:42.19] [00:49:42.19] federal government has either been cut or not grown and so as inflation is [00:49:47.10] [00:49:47.10] taking place over the years they've lost staff so what we decided to do to fight [00:49:53.18] [00:49:53.18] that was personal what we try to offer postdocs all over the place which we did [00:49:57.10] [00:49:57.10] and secondly when we did a big exhibition it's going to cost you [00:50:00.21] [00:50:00.21] anywhere from five to fifty million dollars if we talk the sponsor and they [00:50:06.03] [00:50:06.03] always have to sponsor Smithsonian doesn't have money to put on exhibitions [00:50:09.04] [00:50:09.04] actually to talk to men to endowing a curator or endowing the website and when [00:50:16.18] [00:50:16.18] you have a situation like that you can like oceans you have this tremendous [00:50:20.02] [00:50:20.02] resource with lesson plans and all that set up for you so that's that now so as [00:50:27.12] [00:50:27.12] I said all air space has another you know each museum has at Smithsonian [00:50:32.15] [00:50:32.15] Astrophysical Observatory has a wonderful STEM program so those are all [00:50:36.18] [00:50:36.18] related to specific organizations within the Smithsonian now outside of [00:50:41.13] [00:50:41.13] that the Smithsonian at large has a stem organization and they change their name [00:50:46.18] [00:50:46.18] recently so I'm not able to tell you one but it's a science-based education [00:50:51.02] [00:50:51.02] program and that program has lesson plans and they do work directly with [00:50:55.13] [00:50:55.13] teachers that work directly with museum and archival and library staff and if [00:51:01.17] [00:51:01.17] you go to the Smithsonian you've got to wade through those websites and get down [00:51:04.13] [00:51:04.13] to that organization but it is there and there's one also for arts and culture [00:51:10.15] [00:51:10.15] but those organizations have a more outward public looking kind of face to [00:51:15.20] [00:51:15.20] themselves because they're more engaged in that kind of thing I would say in [00:51:21.10] [00:51:21.10] addition when I was there I had certain interests that I tried to pursue [00:51:25.17] [00:51:25.17] digitization and outreach was one of them because I grew up in this rural [00:51:29.03] [00:51:29.03] town I always wanted to say did you reach Douglas Georgia [00:51:33.06] [00:51:33.06] so the other thing was education I'm an educator and I said you know we're not [00:51:39.02] [00:51:39.02] going to the museum and my education consists of reading and label that a [00:51:43.03] [00:51:43.03] curator decided was what I should know that's not very fun so gradually many of [00:51:49.03] [00:51:49.03] the museum's now have their own education centers so if you were to go [00:51:52.21] [00:51:52.21] to the Natural History Museum in addition to these specific things I [00:51:55.17] [00:51:55.17] mentioned the curious exhibits a curious organization which is a 20,000 square [00:52:01.11] [00:52:01.11] foot organization inside the museum people can come in locally people can [00:52:06.20] [00:52:06.20] come and do hands-on work kids can come in and make time and then visitors and [00:52:10.09] [00:52:10.09] so but they also have any number of lesson plans and that organization if [00:52:15.09] [00:52:15.09] you wanted to get specific about what they do forensics and you know [00:52:18.16] [00:52:18.16] archaeology paleontology and so forth you would go to that curious [00:52:22.07] [00:52:22.07] organization and they have lots of information for teachers I have a [00:52:29.19] [00:52:29.19] question okay um you'd mentioned your other book about learning about Georgia [00:52:35.02] [00:52:35.02] and tracking the history of Georgia through the artifacts that you found at [00:52:38.08] [00:52:38.08] the Smithsonian I was wondering if you could talk to us a little bit or give us [00:52:42.18] [00:52:42.18] like a an anecdote or something that was emblematic of the types of things that [00:52:46.06] [00:52:46.06] you learned by going through the collections of the Smithsonian that you [00:52:49.20] [00:52:49.20] otherwise would not have been able to ascertain okay so this is related to the [00:52:55.06] [00:52:55.06] book that was published by the University of Georgia press right yeah [00:52:58.15] [00:52:58.15] so that was it was an interesting proposition because I wanted to write [00:53:04.16] [00:53:04.16] something about where group the five generations of my family lived in this [00:53:07.16] [00:53:07.16] area and I felt I kind of owed it to some and I felt bad because I had gone [00:53:12.04] [00:53:12.04] off to California Macomb California guy teaching Stanford you know I was into [00:53:16.16] [00:53:16.16] the mountains the ocean front and said well whatever go back to South Georgia [00:53:22.10] [00:53:22.10] and then later on I realized South Georgia is a very beautiful place in his [00:53:26.05] [00:53:26.05] own way and a very unique place in him so I said I will write something about [00:53:29.15] [00:53:29.15] that now I thought I knew something about it and I started into the [00:53:33.11] [00:53:33.11] collections and I found out I knew almost nothing about it that was what [00:53:37.23] [00:53:37.23] was amazing I didn't know anything about my own family I found things out about [00:53:42.22] [00:53:42.22] my old family I didn't know I didn't know we had Yankees about family lots of [00:53:49.15] [00:53:49.15] them but too you know every object I found in the collections forced me to [00:53:57.02] [00:53:57.02] learn something I didn't know I mean the first thing was this giant ground sloth [00:54:01.12] [00:54:01.12] that we found and it was found in South Georgia as the first they come in [00:54:06.20] [00:54:06.20] military material giant ground sloth bigger than an elephant and that first [00:54:12.12] [00:54:12.12] fossil was discovered in South Georgia and it ended up in the Smithsonian and [00:54:16.00] [00:54:16.00] it's a long story I didn't know anything about John ground sloth I didn't know [00:54:21.12] [00:54:21.12] they existed in Georgia so that's a pretty big stunner and you know you when [00:54:27.22] [00:54:27.22] you get into these things you just like doing a thesis some of you've done those [00:54:32.03] [00:54:32.03] things every time you think you've got something entered there's another [00:54:34.16] [00:54:34.16] question and this was the exactly the same thing with that so I start down [00:54:39.22] [00:54:39.22] this road of learning about this creature [00:54:41.20] [00:54:41.20] who discovered it in the first place why the end of the Smithsonian [00:54:45.22] [00:54:45.22] it was mislabeled there were lots of interesting side tracks but then the [00:54:50.06] [00:54:50.06] final question was why is it not still here and in an odd way another question [00:54:57.12] [00:54:57.12] was why was a mammal in dinosaur Hall that a reptile dinosaurs went extinct 65 [00:55:06.06] [00:55:06.06] million years ago this guy went extinct ten thousand years ago in Georgia and so [00:55:12.02] [00:55:12.02] that's the big question what happened to these guys and that requires you to go [00:55:16.11] [00:55:16.11] to another collection and so as I began to collect these data points of these [00:55:21.07] [00:55:21.07] unusual things I kept finding oh don't forget about and the collectors were all [00:55:25.07] [00:55:25.07] interesting people how many of you know crazy people who collect everybody right [00:55:29.17] [00:55:29.17] well that's what this book became about but then when I got into the Native [00:55:35.00] [00:55:35.00] American period of his acre archaeological collection then I saw why [00:55:40.15] [00:55:40.15] those guys disappeared the humans arrived 13,000 years ago in South [00:55:47.20] [00:55:47.20] Georgia and Georgia they it was thought that the Clovis point was found in New [00:55:53.14] [00:55:53.14] Mexico was unique to the West we find them all over South Georgia now those [00:56:02.12] [00:56:02.12] people know how to make this magnificent thing called a Clovis point which is [00:56:06.02] [00:56:06.02] very hard to make and that was used to kill those beautiful animals they were [00:56:10.15] [00:56:10.15] not just the drunk Columbian mammoth there were lions tigers horses all these [00:56:17.04] [00:56:17.04] animal existed in South Georgia so that's the thing that I think stunned me [00:56:22.07] [00:56:22.07] and I won't go through the details but over and over every chapter has one of [00:56:26.23] [00:56:26.23] these stories [00:56:29.11] [00:56:34.03] is there a service or volunteer place that people can transcribe written [00:56:39.18] [00:56:39.18] letters in cursive I know some British Museum's have that yeah I'm not quite [00:56:46.02] [00:56:46.02] sure but what you're referring to the Smithsonian first of all the Smithsonian [00:56:49.13] [00:56:49.13] has about 7,000 in-person volunteers when you go and get a docent struck the [00:56:55.20] [00:56:55.20] Smithsonian they're all trained they have to train for about a year before [00:56:59.01] [00:56:59.01] they ever get in front of you yeah most of them have master's degree some PhDs [00:57:02.23] [00:57:02.23] and they work for free they work on our contract or they have to show up we're [00:57:07.07] [00:57:07.07] in trouble the transcription Center was set up [00:57:11.01] [00:57:11.01] specifically to provide metadata against the rapid digitization and collections [00:57:16.10] [00:57:16.10] to try to do that and people volunteered they don't get a letter of thanks [00:57:18.22] [00:57:18.22] obviously from that and there is an interaction they can have an interaction [00:57:23.13] [00:57:23.13] with a curator because the curator element has to check to see that the [00:57:26.22] [00:57:26.22] work is correct there's another whole vast problem with though they're trying [00:57:32.12] [00:57:32.12] to digitize all their journals but Sounion set people all over the world [00:57:35.09] [00:57:35.09] for years here and those were handwritten and so there are people who [00:57:41.01] [00:57:41.01] sit there for hours on end and convert that handwritten material into a digital [00:57:46.05] [00:57:46.05] format so is it a massive massive project it'll never be finished when I [00:57:51.18] [00:57:51.18] was there we said 150 4.5 million never you know people said why not I said well [00:57:58.18] [00:57:58.18] okay look the biggest collections in Smithsonian is worms now 20 million were [00:58:04.11] [00:58:04.11] Emily do you want to see yeah and scientists were going to see a lot of [00:58:08.22] [00:58:08.22] them but some of them are duplicates right so what we did was we had [00:58:13.15] [00:58:13.15] everybody sit down and say what is the most useful information in here for our [00:58:19.22] [00:58:19.22] democracy 19 million things commit so that's what they're working on right now [00:58:25.01] [00:58:25.01] 19 million things I'm not sure that answer the question but maybe close I'll [00:58:29.04] [00:58:29.04] be glad to talk to every guest yes oh one more for being a government entity [00:58:36.02] [00:58:36.02] does the Smithsonian continually receive substantial funding to sustain to the [00:58:44.04] [00:58:44.04] necessary work we in technology okay it's a good question [00:58:49.11] [00:58:49.11] about the Smithsonian getting resources to port forks technology and things of [00:58:53.13] [00:58:53.13] that sort it's very tough call because when I went there we disowning did very [00:58:57.16] [00:58:57.16] little in technology it was really not present in any way including the human [00:59:01.12] [00:59:01.12] resources system or the gift-giving system they email anything and we had to [00:59:05.23] [00:59:05.23] figure out ways carve it out of her budget and over time you you reposition [00:59:10.23] [00:59:10.23] funds it turned out that while Congress was cutting some fun there were things [00:59:15.19] [00:59:15.19] that were popular it turned out digitization was popular and we asked [00:59:19.13] [00:59:19.13] for it every year we always got a little bit of money [00:59:21.05] [00:59:21.05] the reason was democratization remember the Congress got it that if we could [00:59:26.12] [00:59:26.12] digitize these collections American people could see what they owned and [00:59:30.19] [00:59:30.19] they got this oh we did that was one place they didn't cut but they did [00:59:34.16] [00:59:34.16] because the budgets been increased enough we lost people that was the hard [00:59:39.06] [00:59:39.06] part the other place was my job was done here was to raise money the Smithsonian [00:59:46.07] [00:59:46.07] is a trust so it can actually raise money just like the University and that [00:59:51.13] [00:59:51.13] was my job and we were put into place all infrastructure for a national [00:59:55.05] [00:59:55.05] campaign we raised a million dollars now interests me a fair amount of that went [00:59:59.22] [00:59:59.22] to digitization because it sells people get it and people you could get people [01:00:06.23] [01:00:06.23] hooked on certain collections Jim's you imagine number of people to want to give [01:00:11.02] [01:00:11.02] you money for Jim numismatics philatelist it took me a long time to [01:00:16.12] [01:00:16.12] get to say that word stamp people stamp people will give you money and so what [01:00:23.14] [01:00:23.14] we found what they were interest groups the zoo you know people get money for [01:00:28.20] [01:00:28.20] the zoo their interest groups that was supporting so an awful lot of what I'm [01:00:32.23] [01:00:32.23] giving a talk wants an NSF about what we're doing that was new and different [01:00:35.19] [01:00:35.19] and I realized at some point that everything I was talking about came from [01:00:40.04] [01:00:40.04] private funding we didn't have we couldn't get the money to do it from the [01:00:44.19] [01:00:44.19] federal government money we have to use the federal money too but you know the [01:00:48.23] [01:00:48.23] collections have to be maintained in pristine condition temperature humidity [01:00:53.12] [01:00:53.12] light control check tone taking care of everything all so [01:00:59.10] [01:00:59.10] five million in political question have to be taken care of so you have to use [01:01:05.10] [01:01:05.10] that money mainly for maintenance if you will of the collection so yes if it was [01:01:11.18] [01:01:11.18] hard and it takes a little while do it but you can get people interested if you [01:01:15.15] [01:01:15.15] come up with really good ideas and digitisation private money will support [01:01:19.06] [01:01:19.06] them there's clear parallels between your time is Georgia Tech president and [01:01:30.00] [01:01:30.00] your time at the Smithsonian for example expanding access to education do you [01:01:34.06] [01:01:34.06] think there's anything else that you brought to the Smithsonian because of [01:01:38.01] [01:01:38.01] your background in higher education especially at somewhere like Georgia [01:01:41.14] [01:01:41.14] Tech that set you apart from your process is that okay so what did I bring [01:01:46.22] [01:01:46.22] to the Smithsonian from places like Georgia Tech and the other place I've [01:01:50.05] [01:01:50.05] been at a number of universities so that helped the Smithsonian is an odd place [01:01:54.13] [01:01:54.13] because as as I said its budget is partially public and partially [01:01:59.02] [01:01:59.02] Providence a lot like a public university it acts like a property a [01:02:02.17] [01:02:02.17] public university right it doesn't have a football team thank God but it hasn't [01:02:08.02] [01:02:08.02] slowed but so that mimicked public university and that's why so many [01:02:16.04] [01:02:16.04] secretaries are Sonya have come to the university world raising funds is a more [01:02:21.18] [01:02:21.18] recent phenomena that they had to do but not before that the other part about the [01:02:27.03] [01:02:27.03] Smithsonian that made it easy for me to transition there even though it was not [01:02:30.03] [01:02:30.03] a quote museum person I love museum I love the science I got that hold up very [01:02:34.18] [01:02:34.18] easily and I loved art and ivory I've always [01:02:37.21] [01:02:37.21] read history so I got all that but I think that you know mr. Smithson who [01:02:44.00] [01:02:44.00] gave the money to this pizza to create the Smithsonian all his money to the [01:02:49.04] [01:02:49.04] United States he'd never been here before but he felt Washington DC at that [01:02:53.07] [01:02:53.07] time was shall we use the current word a swamp and it was literally a swamp then [01:02:58.07] [01:02:58.07] it literally is going back there no sir but so he felt they needed culture and [01:03:05.09] [01:03:05.09] he said build it in Washington that was this what he said and he said it should [01:03:10.02] [01:03:10.02] be an institution for the increase and diffusion of knowledge and that's [01:03:14.19] [01:03:14.19] not a unique term to James Smithson actually use very commonly George [01:03:18.21] [01:03:18.21] Washington knew that it was a term that meant increases research and diffusion [01:03:24.14] [01:03:24.14] is education so it was an institution set up to increase and diffuse knowledge [01:03:29.19] [01:03:29.19] and so that's natural to me I've always been a research faculty member I love to [01:03:35.06] [01:03:35.06] do research and then I like to share that information with other people so [01:03:39.19] [01:03:39.19] then I think that if you're the secretary before me had some serious [01:03:43.04] [01:03:43.04] problem one of which was he came from he didn't come from that kind of background [01:03:46.12] [01:03:46.12] and he didn't understand it when I came there and I started going to the [01:03:51.02] [01:03:51.02] collections and I spent a lot of time in the collections you know when I went to [01:03:54.06] [01:03:54.06] the reptile amphibian collection for example Jeremy Jacobs was there he'd [01:03:59.10] [01:03:59.10] been to Smithsonian for 30 years 40 years sorry he said I've never seen a [01:04:03.19] [01:04:03.19] secretary before then I thought I'm never going to get out of this [01:04:07.16] [01:04:07.16] collection because he was so fascinated so the people in the collections are [01:04:13.07] [01:04:13.07] researchers I mean Jeremy is a PhD scientist he's worked all over the world [01:04:16.18] [01:04:16.18] and he uses his collections as a form of research that's the difference between [01:04:21.06] [01:04:21.06] the Smithsonian and Georgia Tech these collections are used for twenty [01:04:25.03] [01:04:25.03] thousand people a year come to the Smithsonian to use a collection we're [01:04:28.00] [01:04:28.00] trying to actually drop that down by using digitization because it takes time [01:04:31.20] [01:04:31.20] to deal with people when they come in but that the heart and soul of the [01:04:35.10] [01:04:35.10] Smithsonian is education and research and I got that I think if you get that [01:04:39.21] [01:04:39.21] and you understand that you can get over the lack of knowledge you might have in [01:04:44.05] [01:04:44.05] some particular area I mean in art is art history it's not art they're making [01:04:48.08] [01:04:48.08] art there it's all about our history and art research so I got that understood [01:04:53.12] [01:04:53.12] that there's a good question I think we've got time for one more question and [01:05:05.00] [01:05:05.00] when you went to the Smithsonian you probably brought your interest in new [01:05:11.12] [01:05:11.12] media digitization things like that and as a result and the the institution took [01:05:18.15] [01:05:18.15] that to heart and and now you're gone and one of the last [01:05:23.15] [01:05:23.15] things you showed here was new media not digitization digitization has been [01:05:27.11] [01:05:27.11] around a long time and it's of interest to a lot of people but new media and the [01:05:31.15] [01:05:31.15] use of things like the augmented reality that you showed there do you feel that [01:05:36.03] [01:05:36.03] now that what you've left and there are other people moving this institution in [01:05:40.16] [01:05:40.16] new new directions whether this approach to new media will be carried forward a [01:05:45.10] [01:05:45.10] good question yeah some of the things that you know I started I realize [01:05:50.06] [01:05:50.06] someone can be there that long I was 67 years old when I went there and I stayed [01:05:53.08] [01:05:53.08] longer than I intended to but the digital work continues there's no [01:05:58.02] [01:05:58.02] question is just an imperative for the institution to do that and so when [01:06:03.06] [01:06:03.06] there's another imperative besides the secretary saying it's a good idea [01:06:07.10] [01:06:07.10] sustainability is something I really advocated for and that's an imperative [01:06:12.09] [01:06:12.09] because they save money and doing it actually and they should because they're [01:06:15.21] [01:06:15.21] saving endangered species so they should save the environment endangered species [01:06:19.09] [01:06:19.09] come from so there are those things some things fell by the wayside but I [01:06:22.23] [01:06:22.23] expected that to happen we started the program of an interdisciplinary research [01:06:26.05] [01:06:26.05] and we have about 10 million dollars to get it started and we really roll the [01:06:29.16] [01:06:29.16] ball up and we did something I knew some of those things would drop by the [01:06:32.20] [01:06:32.20] wayside than they did but some of them are still going the marine geo is an [01:06:37.20] [01:06:37.20] example gotten down and that's working all over the world today but not all of [01:06:42.18] [01:06:42.18] them stay but we wanted to start on an initiative on religion for example and [01:06:47.13] [01:06:47.13] everybody said you can't talk about religion to Smithsonian I said yeah we [01:06:50.03] [01:06:50.03] can because every museum I go into our religion no right because I look at the [01:06:56.04] [01:06:56.04] numismatic collection in god we trust' I go to the freer secular Asian Art Buddha [01:07:01.12] [01:07:01.12] I go to the National Museum of the American Indian their mythology it's all [01:07:07.21] [01:07:07.21] there and so we got that and down and actually hired a permanent curator for [01:07:12.23] [01:07:12.23] religion and that's a very successful initiative people can talk about it you [01:07:16.19] [01:07:16.19] have to wait find a way to talk about it but you can and it's really important to [01:07:20.16] [01:07:20.16] understand it but when you're in a big organization like that no not everything [01:07:25.01] [01:07:25.01] you start is going to continue well everyone join me in giving dr. [01:07:31.03] [01:07:31.03] Clough a warm round of applause you [01:07:35.03] [01:07:45.21] you [01:07:47.23]