[00:00:05.08] Hi Hello good morning everyone my name is Paul Joseph I'm [00:00:10.09] [00:00:10.09] the faculty principal research scientists at the Institute for electronics and [00:00:16.06] [00:00:16.06] nanotechnology George attack welcome to man of finance they win our series. [00:00:21.17] [00:00:24.03] Non-offensive in our series as a result of. [00:00:28.01] [00:00:29.09] You know usually this man of fans forum is a symposium style event [00:00:35.12] [00:00:35.12] because our campus is closed be that we would still do the event [00:00:40.13] [00:00:40.13] in a way when our style they've been our format and so thank you for [00:00:44.22] [00:00:44.22] joining us today the goal for nano fans at the Georgia Tech Ampere's to connect [00:00:51.12] [00:00:51.12] nanotechnology the searchers and bio biology the searchers come together and. [00:00:57.20] [00:00:59.01] Protect the research activities. [00:01:00.17] [00:01:02.02] And the focus for today's man of fans or [00:01:06.18] [00:01:06.18] of as nanotechnology in fact she's yes this is us diagnostics and [00:01:12.13] [00:01:12.13] therapeutics as you can see we have 5 speakers all [00:01:17.09] [00:01:17.09] faculty members from Georgia tack today we have Dr Arnie road Sarkar [00:01:22.08] [00:01:23.19] all speak on microscale goals for biomarker discovery and [00:01:28.00] [00:01:28.00] the electronic point of care diagnostics for infectious infectious diseases. [00:01:32.13] [00:01:33.15] And the next week of May 6th we have Dr Philip Sant'Angelo he will speak on r.n.a. [00:01:40.07] [00:01:40.07] based drugs for preaching influenza and sar skull to and [00:01:45.20] [00:01:45.20] as you can see the following weeks of all the weeks and [00:01:51.10] [00:01:51.10] next from starting from next week it will be then stays there when our at [00:01:56.05] [00:01:56.05] 11 if you have registered for these very noxious you will get [00:02:01.07] [00:02:01.07] a reminder a day before the event and an offense for him. [00:02:06.04] [00:02:07.06] There's hosted by the Institute of Institute for electronics and [00:02:10.13] [00:02:10.13] nanotechnology Institute for electronic nanotechnology in chart i.e. [00:02:16.00] [00:02:16.00] end is one of the 12 different Internet this is a binary research institutes on [00:02:20.16] [00:02:20.16] campus and our goal is to be a hub [00:02:25.22] [00:02:27.22] at the southeast and now the southeastern United States so [00:02:32.12] [00:02:32.12] we are hub for electronics and nanotechnology and [00:02:38.01] [00:02:38.01] our goal is to support researchers working in the area of nanotechnology by way of [00:02:43.09] [00:02:43.09] providing infrastructure facilities in short we are such enablers supporting [00:02:50.09] [00:02:50.09] researchers who are actively involved in the research [00:02:54.23] [00:02:54.23] in the area of electronics and other technology so I want to share that [00:02:58.22] [00:03:00.10] our flagship program at the Institute of reflect on x. [00:03:04.22] [00:03:04.22] nanotechnology that and it enables us to open up our facilities to [00:03:10.00] [00:03:10.00] off campus of the searchers come or go off as a lady in New York our facility for [00:03:15.03] [00:03:15.03] their own research needs so that program is called scenic [00:03:20.16] [00:03:22.03] scenic is one among the 16 different [00:03:27.02] [00:03:27.02] sites which is national Alopecoid 100 infrastructure sites that are supported [00:03:32.03] [00:03:32.03] by n.s.f. scenic stands for Southeastern an addict large infrastructure corridor so [00:03:37.05] [00:03:37.05] you can get more information about our yourself as a lady. [00:03:40.17] [00:03:42.01] That cater to the needs of not only the internal Georgia Tech users but [00:03:46.05] [00:03:46.05] also to the needs of the exponent users coming from off campus to Georgia Tech and [00:03:51.13] [00:03:51.13] our partner joint school of now a science and engineering so [00:03:55.06] [00:03:55.06] what the scenic scenic again stands for [00:03:58.10] [00:03:58.10] Southeastern the technology infrastructure car is a partnership of tool centers [00:04:03.11] [00:04:03.11] in the southeastern United States that has us the Institute for electronics and [00:04:07.22] [00:04:07.22] nanotechnology and our partners joint school of nano science and an engineering [00:04:12.22] [00:04:12.22] which is an academic collaboration between interested not Corona Greensborough and [00:04:18.00] [00:04:18.00] not in the university don't want to share what is our wish and [00:04:22.20] [00:04:24.05] and what are our resources that can be accessed by our external users and [00:04:29.15] [00:04:29.15] then whole external users will be able to access our facility to our vision [00:04:35.13] [00:04:35.13] is to be a premier national fabrication and have a characterization resource for [00:04:40.04] [00:04:40.04] the southeastern United States years a community East from academia small large [00:04:45.12] [00:04:45.12] companies gov Gardner stations were wading pools staff expertise educational [00:04:51.13] [00:04:51.13] outreach activities as Melissa site of the implications of nanotechnology programs [00:04:57.13] [00:04:57.13] in short that means that scenic provides easy access [00:05:03.05] [00:05:03.05] to a wide variety of comprehensive micromanaged now a fabrication and [00:05:07.23] [00:05:07.23] characterization dollar sets and process capabilities our own with staff expertise [00:05:13.12] [00:05:13.12] do research or in the nanotechnology area of course when I say nanotechnology it [00:05:18.03] [00:05:18.03] includes micro pic knowledge as well you can see the wide area of resources [00:05:24.23] [00:05:24.23] in scenic facility that is estimated to be about $200000000.00 and we have told [00:05:32.05] [00:05:32.05] sets the cater to the needs of top down and bottoms up Micron one of application. [00:05:37.07] [00:05:39.01] That includes $36000.00 founded after clean groups come by and asked as well [00:05:44.15] [00:05:44.15] as our partners Jess and that we do have advanced microscopic spectroscopic and [00:05:49.10] [00:05:49.10] stuff and so has the store sets double sets to get to the needs of camp [00:05:54.21] [00:05:54.21] researchers from an article chemistry they also have a method was destined to happen [00:05:59.14] [00:05:59.14] now in biology and then we have a dedicated by clean through there we have [00:06:04.17] [00:06:04.17] the necessary tool sets to support biota such as other such as coming [00:06:09.18] [00:06:09.18] from health care area we also have a computational [00:06:14.20] [00:06:14.20] modeling lapse as well as a dedicated list of my commissioning labs as well and [00:06:19.22] [00:06:19.22] how as an extra users one could [00:06:24.16] [00:06:24.16] access our facility we do have currently $300.00 plus extra users [00:06:30.08] [00:06:30.08] coming from off campus to Georgia to act both from other academic institutions [00:06:35.08] [00:06:35.08] as well as industries like small companies start ups large companies. [00:06:39.10] [00:06:41.11] $300.00 x. our facility currently So how one could access Office and the is. [00:06:46.06] [00:06:47.11] That. [00:06:47.22] [00:06:49.12] You know you can use the 1st of the on site [00:06:52.10] [00:06:52.10] external users can come to the facility and [00:06:55.02] [00:06:55.02] get trained on a piece of code they desire to use and then access that to themselves. [00:07:00.02] [00:07:00.02] Or they could send the samples to us we have dedicated process staff members will [00:07:05.02] [00:07:05.02] be able to go to the clean through our the categorisation facility and good job for [00:07:09.08] [00:07:09.08] you and send us send you back the samples samples as well as the results [00:07:15.19] [00:07:15.19] you also have training models for I didn't get a chart course or [00:07:21.02] [00:07:21.02] micro-cap Acacia has the last soft lithographic from microfluidics and [00:07:26.12] [00:07:26.12] there's a separate daily catalyst black that is offered to new users or [00:07:33.00] [00:07:33.00] searchers from academic institutions only will be able to use the facility and [00:07:41.09] [00:07:41.09] in a get the results they desire though the best thing about our facility is that [00:07:47.01] [00:07:47.01] we provide staff expertise we don't only let the users get played on it all and [00:07:51.21] [00:07:51.21] start using the 1st tools themselves but then are half the members process [00:07:57.02] [00:07:57.02] staff members technical staff members come along side with our extra users and [00:08:02.01] [00:08:02.01] support them with that said if you have any questions about how back to suffer [00:08:07.07] [00:08:07.07] city please visit seanie dot goetic dark edu And it's a pleasure to [00:08:12.19] [00:08:14.01] invite drives are needed Sarkar to give presentational microscale dollars for [00:08:19.16] [00:08:19.16] much biomarker discovery and electronic mind after diagnostics or [00:08:24.05] [00:08:24.05] infectious diseases this is now the fans of every one we have lined up another [00:08:29.04] [00:08:29.04] full webinars in the coming weeks all Wednesdays at 11 and [00:08:34.10] [00:08:34.10] it's a pleasure to have an ear of here is an assistant professor [00:08:39.14] [00:08:39.14] at the Georgia Tech the Amy Emory University where he leads the micro Nano. [00:08:44.05] [00:08:45.13] Only slap it was a research fellow at the Reagan Institute of [00:08:50.02] [00:08:51.03] Massachusetts General Hospital mit and Harvard. [00:08:54.04] [00:08:55.06] He did the speech in Electrical Engineering and [00:08:57.14] [00:08:57.14] Computer Science with a minor in biology at the mit [00:09:01.23] [00:09:03.23] and you know he was developing microfluidic tools for single cell and [00:09:07.23] [00:09:07.23] other says he received this back slows in master's degrees [00:09:11.11] [00:09:11.11] both in electrical engineering at i.n.t. Bombay and [00:09:16.04] [00:09:16.04] suppression of the welcome when he wrote to open up the fans of in our series but [00:09:21.17] [00:09:21.17] his 1st presentation but c'mon he wrote and [00:09:24.14] [00:09:24.14] if you have any questions please type your questions in the chat more and we'll [00:09:29.18] [00:09:29.18] be able to answer your questions depending on the time that thank you very much. [00:09:33.18] [00:09:38.07] Thank you very much thank you Paulo introduction. [00:09:40.19] [00:09:42.12] Inviting me to speak in the plants. [00:09:45.10] [00:09:50.22] Doing this in a format where I am sharing this with all of 2 while sitting. [00:09:55.15] [00:09:56.19] Pretty much on my couch in my pajamas so that should be exciting. [00:10:01.05] [00:10:03.06] What I'm going to talk to you today is about our work including some of [00:10:09.22] [00:10:09.22] what I was doing before starting my lab here but also the work we are doing [00:10:15.00] [00:10:15.00] here in my last act Georgia Tech on the lopping my critic Knology and [00:10:20.09] [00:10:20.09] nanotechnology for the discovery of novel biomarkers and [00:10:25.03] [00:10:25.03] diagnostic tools to for political translation of these biomarkers with [00:10:30.12] [00:10:30.12] a specific focus on infectious diseases and as you'll see we've been doing this of [00:10:35.12] [00:10:35.12] a number of prevalent infectious diseases but also I'll talk a little bit about [00:10:40.16] [00:10:40.16] how we are trying to apply this to the diagnostics of call it one thing so [00:10:46.23] [00:10:46.23] I usually like to start by showing this I don't know how many of you recognize this [00:10:52.19] [00:10:52.19] the flip side of sitting here is I can see the Star Trek fans [00:10:57.23] [00:10:57.23] eyes lighting up when they see this this is supposed to be the medical [00:11:03.06] [00:11:03.06] tricorder from Star Trek there in the year 2369 your doctor will be able to point and [00:11:09.06] [00:11:09.06] diagnose this point to thank you and knows what is wrong with you. [00:11:13.13] [00:11:14.23] Meanwhile in pretty crazy. [00:11:16.18] [00:11:17.18] Clinical diagnosis conflicts expensive takes a while cost a lot of money. [00:11:22.14] [00:11:22.14] Which in the context of Go it for example or you know you have this fairly invasive. [00:11:28.09] [00:11:29.10] Male parental sub that's being done by a trained person and then p.c.r. [00:11:33.22] [00:11:33.22] machines eventually needed after the sample prep and everything and [00:11:38.08] [00:11:38.08] as you might know from watching this unfold over. [00:11:42.21] [00:11:44.06] The last couple months or so that it really has been what can only be called [00:11:50.02] [00:11:50.02] a disaster in terms of scaling a diagnostic around the around the world and [00:11:55.21] [00:11:55.21] it may well be argued that the inability to efficiently fill a diagnostic [00:12:00.23] [00:12:00.23] bias like on complex and not the pipeline might very well have failed or [00:12:05.01] [00:12:05.01] played a role in how difficult the disease has now become to control now [00:12:11.08] [00:12:11.08] my lab in general you know you walk around the hypothesis that miniaturization [00:12:17.06] [00:12:17.06] make it things small and cheap and more capable at the same time. [00:12:22.08] [00:12:23.19] Can help deliver simple and affordable diagnostics around the world [00:12:28.15] [00:12:28.15] this is motivated by the idea that in over the last 50 to 60 years this is exactly [00:12:32.22] [00:12:32.22] what has happened in computing and communication. [00:12:35.09] [00:12:36.17] You know today people who may not even have access to clean drinking water or. [00:12:42.18] [00:12:44.09] Are toilets have access to phones and communication because of this evolution so [00:12:48.21] [00:12:48.21] can we apply this to this kind of minute Irish an idea to health care. [00:12:54.06] [00:12:55.09] And this essential even think this because you know it's [00:12:58.12] [00:12:58.12] these devices have the right symmetrical in scale a single viruses about the size [00:13:03.09] [00:13:03.09] is bigger than some of the transistors that. [00:13:05.11] [00:13:06.16] Are firing up on your computers on our phones to bring my voice to you so [00:13:12.05] [00:13:12.05] we can do interesting interesting things because he's such a **** can be a very [00:13:16.18] [00:13:16.18] easily and at large scale manufacture like like Diane and [00:13:22.09] [00:13:22.09] there are some interesting unique scientific phenomenon as well when you [00:13:25.21] [00:13:25.21] apply these things to biology that come up so this is kind of what tied together my [00:13:30.18] [00:13:30.18] labs my life's work now you know in the specific context of. [00:13:35.16] [00:13:36.19] Like you mentioned. [00:13:37.17] [00:13:38.17] That so here's a here's a picture from this recent review [00:13:42.23] [00:13:42.23] that shows sort of the you know the diagnostic diagnostic use cases. [00:13:47.19] [00:13:49.02] In Go ahead and it ranges all the way from you know screening is symptomatic patients [00:13:54.20] [00:13:54.20] to actual diagnosis to then all the way down to then can [00:14:00.01] [00:14:00.01] a patient be brought out of a recovered patient brought out of isolation without [00:14:05.10] [00:14:05.10] risking infection to others and one of the key features that I'd like to focus on and [00:14:10.22] [00:14:10.22] that I think is the key issue in developing diagnostics for this disease in [00:14:17.16] [00:14:17.16] the heterogeneity because the disease is manifest in also likes all the way [00:14:23.05] [00:14:23.05] from completely asymptomatic to people who have need to get hospitalized and [00:14:27.22] [00:14:27.22] then then even those that hospitalized population some people recover and. [00:14:32.23] [00:14:34.09] Get this charge versus others have rapidly deteriorating symptoms. [00:14:38.17] [00:14:38.17] So this idea that you know is there is a scalable diagnostic matter [00:14:43.04] [00:14:43.04] that would enable nonsense across that some dramatic and [00:14:47.16] [00:14:47.16] symptomatic people and then you know among the symptomatic are the hospitalized [00:14:52.12] [00:14:52.12] Is there a way to have a predictable prognostic monitoring. [00:14:57.08] [00:14:59.21] Again. [00:15:00.09] [00:15:01.09] Looking at what is out there currently primarily you will see there are 2 [00:15:06.12] [00:15:06.12] kinds of diagnostics broadly infectious disease this is true as well but [00:15:10.00] [00:15:10.00] definitely including one thing that there are diagnostics that look at the virus [00:15:14.06] [00:15:14.06] look for the virus itself and there are those that look for [00:15:16.23] [00:15:16.23] the host response of a human in most in the under sponsored 2. [00:15:20.04] [00:15:21.14] And. [00:15:22.02] [00:15:24.15] Broadly these are the classes of tests that are currently available the virus [00:15:31.03] [00:15:31.03] they sponsor usually p.c.r. based test these are the current reference. [00:15:35.12] [00:15:36.18] That are being used for diagnosis. [00:15:38.12] [00:15:39.18] So there is a logical test which looks for antibodies. [00:15:43.08] [00:15:44.22] The human antibody response to the virus and because of the fact that [00:15:49.13] [00:15:49.13] the antibody response takes a while to come on board the immune system. [00:15:52.22] [00:15:54.07] Failures and ramps up these antibodies against the virus so usually. [00:15:59.12] [00:16:01.15] The serological diagnosis is not good enough for [00:16:06.02] [00:16:06.02] an early od even a known diagnosis of people who are symptomatic because [00:16:10.12] [00:16:10.12] it may take up to 7 to 10 days 15 to 20 in some people's cases for [00:16:14.09] [00:16:14.09] the antibody response to show up unfortunately those the scalable or [00:16:19.06] [00:16:19.06] let me the diagnostic methods are you can see that the logical once [00:16:23.11] [00:16:23.11] these are is what I would call moderate to low complexity. [00:16:26.20] [00:16:28.07] But the ones that work as a reference standard and which work for [00:16:32.18] [00:16:32.18] diagnosis currently are the p.c.r. wave on which are usually higher in complexity. [00:16:38.03] [00:16:39.10] And then in terms of the predictive power for and how the symptoms will go [00:16:44.12] [00:16:44.12] going forward there is some tar there's a viral load might be predictive for [00:16:49.06] [00:16:49.06] the p.c.r. may be helpful but this is not fully established yet. [00:16:52.05] [00:16:53.07] The logical response of course currently is not totally predictive at all once you [00:16:57.10] [00:16:57.10] have antibodies you have active already that's pretty much a thing so [00:17:00.06] [00:17:00.06] existence whether you act sometimes that is these are not what we would eventually [00:17:05.06] [00:17:05.06] like to achieve in that space is that can be merged the good aspects of this to say [00:17:10.09] [00:17:10.09] can we have the simplicity of her ology but yet have our he diagnostics some How [00:17:17.15] [00:17:17.15] can we have predicted for the logical monitoring are there so logical markers [00:17:22.09] [00:17:22.09] that can be predictive of disease the reality and of course that altogether [00:17:27.14] [00:17:27.14] to be then you know highly scalable across the world for a trip be sensitive and [00:17:32.07] [00:17:32.07] specific of course but we would like it to be simple and low cost as the same time. [00:17:37.02] [00:17:39.13] So you know given that contacts I'm going through now do a little bit of a bait and [00:17:44.12] [00:17:44.12] switch on you. [00:17:45.06] [00:17:46.08] Describe you know the technology platform that we have been in the developing that [00:17:50.14] [00:17:50.14] the not like you call it but the daytime going to present to you is [00:17:55.12] [00:17:55.12] from other infectious diseases in which we have developed these platforms and [00:18:00.15] [00:18:00.15] generated results but I'll hopefully try to point out new [00:18:04.21] [00:18:04.21] parts of these which make the source suitable for [00:18:07.23] [00:18:07.23] application to call in the specific to these characteristics as well as [00:18:12.10] [00:18:12.10] the technology characteristics and finally try to tide back to. [00:18:16.07] [00:18:17.10] The gold in coverage that I just mentioned to you so [00:18:20.18] [00:18:20.18] the disease I'm going to talk primarily about is yet [00:18:24.12] [00:18:24.12] another mystery infectious disease to be actually overall happens to be the biggest [00:18:29.23] [00:18:29.23] infectious disease killer over time around the world and. [00:18:34.23] [00:18:36.10] Interestingly as an engineer you know I found this interesting when I [00:18:39.12] [00:18:39.12] started working in the space it is a completely curable disease and [00:18:43.20] [00:18:43.20] like why are some viral diseases like always currently curable disease and [00:18:49.00] [00:18:49.00] yet I feel for many people and [00:18:51.02] [00:18:51.02] part of the challenge is this is endemic in low to middle income regions and [00:18:56.16] [00:18:56.16] there is a huge diagnostic challenge in that early biomarker [00:19:01.19] [00:19:01.19] babies are simply not available in this disease. [00:19:07.03] [00:19:08.12] And so this is also a disease which interestingly has a huge heterogeneity [00:19:13.06] [00:19:13.06] manifest and a range of symptoms in humans [00:19:17.23] [00:19:17.23] to be a force is not a new disease it has been. [00:19:21.02] [00:19:22.09] They're with humans for ever and I think even in the. [00:19:25.07] [00:19:26.18] The Egyptian pyramids or something or [00:19:28.09] [00:19:28.09] even earlier regard sure of course of the bee being a known disease back then [00:19:32.22] [00:19:32.22] because of this you know we have an immune response against it. [00:19:35.20] [00:19:37.16] Even system has learned a learned P.B.'s or over time [00:19:43.09] [00:19:43.09] the lot of people are literally infected which is basically they are infected but [00:19:48.09] [00:19:48.09] they are able to control it they have antibodies against it and [00:19:51.14] [00:19:51.14] then 5 to 10 percent of these people go on to show active TB These [00:19:56.06] [00:19:56.06] are the people who are transmitting it to others and have back symptoms as well so [00:20:00.03] [00:20:00.03] it's important in this disease to diagnose those active TB patients now in this [00:20:07.08] [00:20:07.08] case both the latent and active obviously like I said have antibodies protected [00:20:11.15] [00:20:11.15] just the presence of antibodies just doesn't work in order to diagnosis is. [00:20:16.14] [00:20:16.14] Has been tried right so these these serological tests. [00:20:20.05] [00:20:21.18] You know where their loved against the b. **** they can take a drop of blood and [00:20:26.09] [00:20:26.09] tell you whether you have antibodies or not and [00:20:29.05] [00:20:29.05] in the lab this looks Ok because you're doing a controlled experiment but it was [00:20:34.03] [00:20:34.03] out in the population very rarely see the people who had the latent infection and so [00:20:37.17] [00:20:37.17] on this thing actually failed and [00:20:40.21] [00:20:40.21] in all these had to be legally banned in some of the endemic countries actually. [00:20:44.09] [00:20:46.05] So in the end there's been a part to improve this people part that all you know [00:20:50.04] [00:20:50.04] if only you look for just the right and vision against which that just [00:20:53.23] [00:20:53.23] right antibody would be there and people are scanned across a middle proteome off [00:20:58.18] [00:20:58.18] of the m.p.b. bug so that it's basically in all the different. [00:21:02.07] [00:21:04.03] Sort of acquittals on the on the mycobacterium That's a new system response [00:21:08.10] [00:21:08.10] against and so this is a plot from this particular paper [00:21:13.14] [00:21:13.14] are citing shows on the x. axis is a measure of diagnostic curacy and [00:21:18.14] [00:21:18.14] it's going to go to Blood on this a little bit because I'll go back and [00:21:22.04] [00:21:22.04] point this out that I don't think that we have that love so this is the area under [00:21:26.10] [00:21:26.10] the receiver operator characteristic which is essentially a measure of how actually [00:21:32.02] [00:21:32.02] how sensitive and specific a diagnostic it is and one thing you know it's good to [00:21:37.07] [00:21:37.07] know is that you know at point 5 It's like a flying saucer nothing to do with reality [00:21:42.02] [00:21:42.02] just randomness and as one it is a perfect plan to take action yet so under present [00:21:46.13] [00:21:46.13] proof positive rate and 0 percent false false positive false negative. [00:21:51.15] [00:21:52.23] So as you can see you know you do this all these diagnostics with all the you know [00:21:58.13] [00:21:58.13] proteome scanning you doing better than random for sure but not all that much and [00:22:03.18] [00:22:03.18] you are in fact you know very far from the targets that the w.h.o. has set. [00:22:07.23] [00:22:10.03] For the diagnostic and even below the you know sort of relax. [00:22:14.11] [00:22:15.20] Try to set forth the feeling based like fountains of the last place left when [00:22:20.23] [00:22:20.23] we started thinking about this act here everybody seems to have antibodies against [00:22:25.22] [00:22:25.22] the but is this possible that maybe the antibodies are functionally [00:22:30.22] [00:22:30.22] different in latent and active TB and I see bodies of course and [00:22:36.23] [00:22:36.23] do that i start of functions in the evil in the vital. [00:22:42.11] [00:22:43.20] Passage in but also directly on cell cells to come and [00:22:47.06] [00:22:47.06] attack the pathogen and so there's a number of biophysical and [00:22:52.23] [00:22:52.23] functional features that I have already had but it's really in diagnostic [00:22:57.11] [00:22:57.11] you I saw in what simple once you actually look for president absence or not even [00:23:01.18] [00:23:01.18] concentration but then in slightly more complex ones like alive you look for [00:23:06.04] [00:23:06.04] the type which is basically the concentration so you're looking at only [00:23:09.23] [00:23:09.23] the amount our present of the antibody you're not looking at any of these other [00:23:14.06] [00:23:14.06] interesting functional features that the antibody has evolved to have. [00:23:19.10] [00:23:19.10] So we started looking at these by doing the taking that approach was the 3rd ology [00:23:24.08] [00:23:24.08] which is a broader scan of antibody feature. [00:23:26.17] [00:23:27.22] And then when you apply this to a well correct price clinical cohort of late and [00:23:32.02] [00:23:32.02] active TB from the all these features we discovered that. [00:23:36.19] [00:23:38.12] One of these particular features which is the trigger molecule that is attached to [00:23:42.22] [00:23:42.22] the back end of all human activities. [00:23:45.14] [00:23:46.15] There's like a solution side we see a difference in the sugar attached to it. [00:23:50.14] [00:23:51.20] And so now these are these are the showing of the blue dots are latent and [00:23:56.15] [00:23:56.15] the red red dark fractals and we see that certain sugars are high or [00:24:00.18] [00:24:00.18] low things on whether the patient is classified clinically as latent TB are or [00:24:06.20] [00:24:06.20] active TB Now you know a bit of the background behind this in [00:24:11.22] [00:24:11.22] terms of why that might be well like and structure are known to impart implementing [00:24:16.04] [00:24:16.04] properties an effect of functionality to antibodies so it is possible that in and [00:24:21.07] [00:24:21.07] you know an infectious disease there's like a relation can be an Islamist [00:24:26.14] [00:24:26.14] remark and hence a marker of latent versus active TB. [00:24:32.19] [00:24:32.19] So it will as an engineer then try to implement this and post a source they [00:24:37.17] [00:24:37.17] can make one comes like in the bottle like that the pipeline for it like an analysis [00:24:41.23] [00:24:41.23] has to be super complex and back to all those complex instruments and so [00:24:45.23] [00:24:45.23] on that usually smack they face arc a political force of faith so [00:24:50.04] [00:24:50.04] I want to develop a technique which can take them out of larger drop of blood and [00:24:54.19] [00:24:54.19] very quickly in a portable system isolate these these antibodies specific to the TB [00:25:00.22] [00:25:00.22] and kind of detect the on the back end of the sugar molecules so for [00:25:06.04] [00:25:06.04] this we ended up developing a binding type pathway instead of having a secretary or [00:25:12.20] [00:25:12.20] electrophoresis So this is based on the last less than molecules the lessons come [00:25:17.12] [00:25:17.12] from the plant the fall of the system if you want to call it that which they have [00:25:22.08] [00:25:22.08] evolved to fight against insects actually so these lessons [00:25:27.05] [00:25:27.05] can because my specific sugars is the point and so we found that you know [00:25:32.11] [00:25:32.11] if you do a can of selecting like Ross the different sugars you can identify. [00:25:38.06] [00:25:39.08] The particular lessons that will help you look for the specific the specific [00:25:45.01] [00:25:45.01] trigger changes in antibodies and the schooling pretty well so [00:25:49.09] [00:25:49.09] that the large here correlates pretty well with more complex. [00:25:52.17] [00:25:53.20] Techniques of like like a collision measurement out there to learn a little [00:25:59.01] [00:25:59.01] bit this big event ahead and sort of do the scan are across different p.b.x. [00:26:06.00] [00:26:06.00] regions and across different like then and what we see is that [00:26:11.14] [00:26:11.14] in active latent TB You can come up with these distinct multivariate [00:26:16.11] [00:26:16.11] patterns of binding that emerge for active forces later in disease. [00:26:20.23] [00:26:23.01] So this this was exciting the car that is all Ok so [00:26:26.10] [00:26:26.10] this means that if we could measure these probably [00:26:31.10] [00:26:31.10] based on this a diagnostic could be them loved that would help us. [00:26:35.16] [00:26:36.17] That ignores our distinguish their to the state of TB And [00:26:40.01] [00:26:40.01] this is not just showing that if you take that marker and apply to [00:26:44.16] [00:26:44.16] a slightly larger sample text as well you can get a very good out of the curve So [00:26:49.10] [00:26:49.10] again back to our description of that not to get your receiver out of the car [00:26:54.15] [00:26:54.15] then the other this one goes pretty close to one Yeah so [00:26:57.18] [00:26:57.18] this is actually reduced out down to now 2 antigens and 3 probes so [00:27:02.08] [00:27:02.08] that's like 6 measurements far far sample if you think about it that way. [00:27:07.18] [00:27:08.22] And then you know you see that both the glycol collation and [00:27:11.21] [00:27:11.21] antibody concentration actually come into this. [00:27:14.21] [00:27:16.05] Market that we have so it seems the concentrations do matter but the triggers [00:27:20.07] [00:27:20.07] as there's a kind of a difference between the disease states and also [00:27:25.17] [00:27:25.17] it matters what antigen you use to capture the antibody So the member the front end [00:27:29.14] [00:27:29.14] of the of advice here frankly where the molecule binds to that event and the back [00:27:33.16] [00:27:33.16] end is then the sugar is testing the prank then the back balls are back and it gets. [00:27:37.10] [00:27:39.04] Well you know having had this ****. [00:27:41.05] [00:27:42.08] You know the market is great and [00:27:44.02] [00:27:44.02] it can be done based on a binding as a in the lab we can have we could have had [00:27:49.07] [00:27:49.07] it done even in a high throughput fashion but what about in the clinic and [00:27:54.07] [00:27:54.07] especially in the areas there Phoebe is endemic **** do not have the expensive. [00:27:59.18] [00:28:00.19] Electively expensive Eliza plate readers or even you know trained technicians so [00:28:04.18] [00:28:04.18] all the idea about the complexity of diagnostic workloads basically and [00:28:09.06] [00:28:09.06] so we started thinking if we can love a portable and inexpensive l.i.l.o. [00:28:13.17] [00:28:13.17] because this is essentially an allies are binding. [00:28:15.20] [00:28:17.04] Technique and Eliza can we deliver portable in the next pensive point of [00:28:21.10] [00:28:21.10] allies for these particular file markers when this. [00:28:26.15] [00:28:28.10] Came up and there's a direct electrical detection principle because one of [00:28:31.14] [00:28:31.14] the things that makes. [00:28:32.14] [00:28:33.20] Lately is another these things complex is topical detection right laser [00:28:39.03] [00:28:39.03] printer for the most people articles and all that instrumentation so [00:28:43.23] [00:28:43.23] it does look a technique became directed directly electrically detect these [00:28:48.09] [00:28:48.09] molecules so the athlete starts but like any other allies or [00:28:53.12] [00:28:53.12] you have entered important on a surface it's just that in this case you have [00:28:57.22] [00:28:57.22] gold Microelectronics also sitting on that same substance so [00:29:01.15] [00:29:01.15] I think we're the sample in this case larger plasma on that surface than anybody [00:29:05.21] [00:29:05.21] vine to the antigens on the surface and then you have a secondary broke [00:29:10.10] [00:29:10.10] which has an enzyme attached to it which is also just like a satellite jump. [00:29:14.17] [00:29:15.18] In like a collision measurement case you are having a designer attached to [00:29:19.07] [00:29:19.07] the lectern but now in this last step instead of adding [00:29:22.23] [00:29:22.23] a substrate that is indeed a color our slower sense [00:29:25.18] [00:29:25.18] you had a substrate that will cause us to learn if audition on that service. [00:29:30.23] [00:29:30.23] So this sort of comes actually from you know the electron microscope the silver [00:29:35.12] [00:29:35.12] staining that kind of err is the sort of existed out there [00:29:40.03] [00:29:40.03] the technique is very similar to what about use what you've done for black and [00:29:43.13] [00:29:43.13] white photograph development back in their day as well but [00:29:46.18] [00:29:46.18] the point is once you have to make a deposit being triggered is a magical being [00:29:51.01] [00:29:51.01] as you can imagine now whether current flows through from one Michael [00:29:55.22] [00:29:55.22] across the other is dependent on whether the metal was deposited on ours [00:29:59.22] [00:29:59.22] which is dependent on whether what the concentration of the particular marker [00:30:03.22] [00:30:03.22] you're trying to measure vos so this could be called in the magic silver medalist. [00:30:09.03] [00:30:10.06] Of course and there's then you don't have any intermediate optics it's [00:30:13.04] [00:30:13.04] a direct invasion from chemical to electrical signals and using this [00:30:17.18] [00:30:17.18] you can obviously measure both antibody concentrations are using the anti i.d.c. [00:30:21.15] [00:30:21.15] probes and the like a collision using the lectern process so [00:30:26.02] [00:30:26.02] we could so this is what this looks like you know Microelectronics initially and [00:30:30.19] [00:30:30.19] then the silver getting deposited after the whole reaction [00:30:35.14] [00:30:35.14] if you do an electron electrical impedance measurement you see that it's pretty much [00:30:39.15] [00:30:39.15] goes from open circuit on a capacitor to being a really small resistor. [00:30:43.11] [00:30:44.15] So the sudden orders of magnitude of difference in fact between the positive [00:30:47.21] [00:30:47.21] and negative control the check across electrode sizes so [00:30:51.19] [00:30:51.19] it seems that doesn't matter so that points towards maybe you can do it [00:30:55.08] [00:30:55.08] in the fairly simple manner to make these electrodes going forward as well. [00:30:59.23] [00:31:01.04] We've also then and [00:31:01.23] [00:31:01.23] on top of this integrated the fluidic layer because you know in a standard Eliza [00:31:06.06] [00:31:06.06] you do believe dilutions either you're doing it manually or using a robot and so [00:31:11.01] [00:31:11.01] on so that's a literally simple thing to implemented in microfluidic so [00:31:16.00] [00:31:16.00] you can have these sort of serial dilution planets Jeff sitting [00:31:21.13] [00:31:21.13] on top of the electrodes so this is just showing that you know you can design and [00:31:25.22] [00:31:25.22] do an 8 point love the Aleutian series using this chair and [00:31:29.21] [00:31:29.21] then it integrate both right so the red is the microphone external The goal [00:31:34.19] [00:31:34.19] of the orange are gold are what is showing up on your screen are the electrodes and [00:31:39.18] [00:31:39.18] so you have this integrated Michael occurred adding and a microfluidic. [00:31:43.07] [00:31:45.17] And so that's what the chip looks like so you see the Tamils in the media mask and [00:31:50.03] [00:31:50.03] you see that will go to my current across and you know the started calling this [00:31:54.03] [00:31:54.03] the Eliza so electrodes are a system for allies are hopefully easier to recruit and [00:31:59.21] [00:31:59.21] then then the standard allies as being part. [00:32:03.09] [00:32:03.09] So then you know you can use this chip to generate. [00:32:05.23] [00:32:07.09] What is potentially familiar to anybody who's ever going to live or [00:32:11.22] [00:32:11.22] any Those response analysis the signal curve you can start getting out of them [00:32:16.10] [00:32:16.10] the key difference is the y. axis now is impedance instead of being [00:32:20.00] [00:32:20.00] an optical Magellan the x. axis of course is concentration. [00:32:22.19] [00:32:24.00] We see something to think we just a prank we see that [00:32:27.07] [00:32:27.07] the limit of the action is as good or bad as a standard Eliza so it left [00:32:32.06] [00:32:32.06] a lot of people more large scale we see other interesting features very see that. [00:32:36.13] [00:32:38.04] The response can be tuned from being kind of a linear response [00:32:43.08] [00:32:43.08] to kind of a switch like response analog which has that it will so there's some [00:32:47.00] [00:32:47.00] interesting aspects to explore with that but back in the context of t.v. [00:32:52.09] [00:32:52.09] you know if you call the t.v. antigens and look between the. [00:32:56.12] [00:32:58.05] Active unladen patient and then probe either for tighter or [00:33:02.12] [00:33:02.12] for the black population with the like then [00:33:05.01] [00:33:05.01] you start seeing these the differences in this technique as well. [00:33:08.16] [00:33:09.20] Just like we saw in doing the biomarker discovery with the standard allies. [00:33:14.01] [00:33:16.09] So you know this then in the worst in the context of the diagnosis then what you [00:33:22.13] [00:33:22.13] do is you have a number of p.b. accidents like I mentioned that I might be various [00:33:27.11] [00:33:27.11] aspects seems to help here and you end up generating kind of impedance signature for [00:33:32.06] [00:33:32.06] 40 samples so I get on the Reds are active patients and [00:33:36.09] [00:33:36.09] the blues are leading them that there are some controls over there on the x. [00:33:40.06] [00:33:40.06] factor the different I just we have some control like the Just like [00:33:43.10] [00:33:43.10] flu just to check that it's not a nonspecific response. [00:33:46.01] [00:33:47.01] And then you know and so [00:33:48.00] [00:33:48.00] you can measure these kind of signs of if we live signatures again. [00:33:51.18] [00:33:52.23] Using using this check and [00:33:55.11] [00:33:55.11] do a similar motivated analysis to show that you are able to distinguish [00:34:00.18] [00:34:00.18] active versus little late in patients using this chip chip as well as for [00:34:06.03] [00:34:06.03] the that sometimes but I think of the markers we found in this case so [00:34:09.09] [00:34:09.09] you know the particular sugar acid it seems is the one that matters most and [00:34:14.23] [00:34:14.23] then there are particular TB antigens back seem to need to back up and [00:34:20.08] [00:34:20.08] then again you know going back to this idea that antibody concentration [00:34:23.18] [00:34:23.18] it's not like it doesn't matter I mean on standard measures of addition so. [00:34:28.16] [00:34:30.09] It seems like they do matter but then the trigger is what brings in the specificity [00:34:34.13] [00:34:34.13] so this idea keeps coming back. [00:34:36.17] [00:34:38.08] And then you know this is kind of summarizing this part of the story here [00:34:43.05] [00:34:43.05] we see that. [00:34:43.23] [00:34:45.03] So the skull on the left or the. [00:34:47.21] [00:34:49.02] Finger on the left just sure the proper classification can be achieved again [00:34:52.06] [00:34:52.06] using this technique but on the right if one of the. [00:34:54.17] [00:34:56.15] Comparison of these techniques so [00:34:59.04] [00:34:59.04] if you measure only antibody titer that's the forced by then and you [00:35:04.03] [00:35:04.03] know you have like you better than random remember point by one you see the random. [00:35:08.05] [00:35:09.11] Of a coin so you're doing better just like what has been reported in literature. [00:35:14.15] [00:35:16.13] This thing the less sense you do you do similar actually but [00:35:20.11] [00:35:20.11] then when you put a multimedia aspect again both on the tighter and [00:35:24.23] [00:35:24.23] the like then you start doing better but in the lexeme is where the records [00:35:29.20] [00:35:29.20] are measuring the black oscillation and in that is a very good portion of our [00:35:34.15] [00:35:34.15] already set targets for the people that will platform as [00:35:39.13] [00:35:39.13] well as the more stringent the targets for the different platforms and when you put [00:35:43.04] [00:35:43.04] all of us together the whole multivariate marker you actually can achieve a. [00:35:48.00] [00:35:49.08] Perfect classification between active and later disease but [00:35:53.05] [00:35:53.05] you know this is this is then you know you've been working to take [00:35:57.15] [00:35:57.15] this forward in the lab you're doing this with a live impedance meters and so [00:36:02.02] [00:36:02.02] on but you know you don't really require anything fancy to do this measurement so [00:36:06.17] [00:36:06.17] we've been developing a fully portable handheld system for [00:36:10.21] [00:36:10.21] this there are no records that connect to a phone and everything else is. [00:36:15.21] [00:36:17.07] Measured electronically certainly the reader would just be a little [00:36:20.06] [00:36:20.06] a little handheld reader. [00:36:21.10] [00:36:23.09] And also in terms of the overall diagnostic this is getting us towards what [00:36:28.11] [00:36:28.11] the w.h.o. calls actually or the criteria for 40 of the tests so [00:36:33.08] [00:36:33.08] affordable Of course sensitive a specific or good diagnosis and [00:36:37.15] [00:36:37.15] then these other features as well and we think that this electrical detection [00:36:41.20] [00:36:41.20] which is kind of no optics and it's a dry strip type of readout you. [00:36:45.13] [00:36:47.03] Made progress towards the horrible aspect the sensitivity and specificity comes [00:36:51.10] [00:36:51.10] from the guy constellation story being antique and specific and [00:36:54.23] [00:36:54.23] measuring function versus tighter and the rest of it comes essentially [00:37:00.20] [00:37:00.20] partly because it's antibody made so you're sampling just a drop of blood [00:37:03.23] [00:37:03.23] instead of having to do something with the sampling but in the case of p.b.s. for [00:37:07.14] [00:37:07.14] them and then they're making it automated and portable as I described to you. [00:37:12.23] [00:37:14.06] So. [00:37:14.18] [00:37:15.21] We think that this this this scheme can be a broad broad scheme or a part to. [00:37:21.13] [00:37:22.18] That loving a diagnostic to manage these kinds of diseases which may have a latent [00:37:26.19] [00:37:26.19] state and then they made emerge. [00:37:28.10] [00:37:29.13] So a lot of you you go beyond antibody tighter and if you look at things like [00:37:33.10] [00:37:33.10] like oscillation which model x. function and especially if you try to integrate [00:37:37.19] [00:37:37.19] multiple markers such as a tighter and black oscillation [00:37:41.07] [00:37:41.07] then there is a likelihood that this leads to higher diagnostics of our In such case. [00:37:46.17] [00:37:46.17] And then you know this. [00:37:47.14] [00:37:48.17] Like I'm sure you can be implemented in a simple binding as a format far want to [00:37:54.20] [00:37:54.20] use using this electrical detection technique so they've been then [00:38:00.16] [00:38:00.16] extending it to other diseases so this idea that that a particular eco solution. [00:38:05.13] [00:38:06.16] Can provide disease state information it has worked out in in these few other cases [00:38:12.00] [00:38:12.00] and preliminary data that I'm mentioning here live look at it in and Derek. [00:38:16.04] [00:38:17.15] I find we've looked at it in our least a conviction of a graph or [00:38:21.23] [00:38:21.23] supposed disease for transplant rejection essential a kidney transplant rejection. [00:38:25.22] [00:38:27.06] And then a couple other cases as well fungal infection and [00:38:30.12] [00:38:30.12] then in the human relapse in gas I mean Ok. [00:38:33.00] [00:38:34.07] So this is all see the Bismark the blood drop of blood but we've also been trying [00:38:38.22] [00:38:38.22] to adapt it to other fluids freshly more noninvasive like saliva. [00:38:43.09] [00:38:45.12] More recently we've also been trying to see whether we can use the electrical [00:38:48.21] [00:38:48.21] detection aspect of the technique to do other markers like you know [00:38:53.14] [00:38:53.14] nucleus of **** that actually you know it's a line applications with a linear [00:38:58.13] [00:38:58.13] amplification or so the exponential in p.c.r. but it's much simpler so [00:39:03.01] [00:39:03.01] that is there a trade off their simplicity and sensitivity and [00:39:07.02] [00:39:07.02] can we do something interesting there you have a v.c.r. free nucleic acid acid and [00:39:12.12] [00:39:12.12] then of course you know it's a matter of whatever binds to the electrode and [00:39:16.00] [00:39:16.00] you can convert it to the signal so you can also do well because that is like you [00:39:20.19] [00:39:20.19] know people typing on things cell functional essays and things like that so [00:39:25.20] [00:39:25.20] then you know this is all TB and in the broad picture I'd like to spend the last [00:39:30.19] [00:39:30.19] whatever 30 seconds or a minute that I have to tie it back to [00:39:35.23] [00:39:35.23] what are we doing that is in the salad and does all the challenges in the context of [00:39:41.08] [00:39:41.08] the challenges that I mentioned for Cory So obviously the antibody response that. [00:39:46.07] [00:39:46.07] Class specific antibody response takes a while to develop [00:39:50.19] [00:39:50.19] to tackle the challenge but we've been wondering whether there's an early [00:39:55.02] [00:39:55.02] immune response marker that can be used to inspire or [00:39:58.17] [00:39:58.17] the fact that we do present Yeah so there's all these other antibodies and [00:40:03.09] [00:40:03.09] all these other corner wires of that circulating that it will block relation so [00:40:07.02] [00:40:07.02] is there a layman response that shows up maybe not but [00:40:11.12] [00:40:11.12] I think enough when you measure a single thing like maybe the double digit aspects [00:40:15.16] [00:40:15.16] something can be done and if we have these. [00:40:17.13] [00:40:18.17] High throughput immune monitoring chips that now we've been just upping. [00:40:21.19] [00:40:23.00] Similarly was that the body response is on board probably by the time the patient had [00:40:28.08] [00:40:28.08] symptoms but at that point is that people like a clinician state [00:40:33.10] [00:40:33.10] the inflammation the state predictive of how the disease will go going forward [00:40:39.05] [00:40:39.05] it seems like this would accrue in so many of the other infections below that so [00:40:43.03] [00:40:43.03] we are trying to look at that aspect of it as well and [00:40:46.18] [00:40:46.18] then eventually the idea of you know can these markers be [00:40:52.09] [00:40:52.09] protected electrically for developing scalable diagnostics but for [00:40:56.23] [00:40:56.23] going negative so this is sort of you know I know. [00:41:00.03] [00:41:01.12] And I'm just describing the things that we're working on right now. [00:41:04.19] [00:41:05.22] Bart hopefully I'll be able to share more as we actually go forward. [00:41:11.12] [00:41:12.17] In this disease space as well so [00:41:16.02] [00:41:16.02] that I'd like to wrap up by thanking my lab members who. [00:41:20.04] [00:41:22.04] Have been. [00:41:22.16] [00:41:23.20] Beating me more about Colin started doing pretty much nothing about it but. [00:41:28.13] [00:41:29.19] They're all remote now so I've been reading a lot and [00:41:32.15] [00:41:32.15] thinking a lot and then some of this was. [00:41:35.08] [00:41:36.21] Done in my previous mentor back and yes and [00:41:40.23] [00:41:40.23] mighty and of course you know the clinical collaborators and. [00:41:45.07] [00:41:46.23] Sample donor patients are very critical to this kind of work as well so [00:41:50.17] [00:41:50.17] I like to thank them and my fine exposures but that. [00:41:54.05] [00:41:55.09] Like to finish and open up for any questions are comments and [00:41:58.20] [00:41:58.20] ideas as that that I want to share. [00:42:00.15] [00:42:03.18] Thank you on earth for this fantastic presentation we appreciate it. [00:42:08.01] [00:42:09.14] So that our questions feel free to chime in using the Jackal I have [00:42:14.09] [00:42:14.09] a question here are from Paul result or [00:42:18.11] [00:42:18.11] alimony response deduction is a just a matter of the would it be [00:42:23.03] [00:42:24.15] it's possible to go all the way beyond that these days by differential dynamic [00:42:29.06] [00:42:29.06] markers can't be and are the it is laid scattering clicks. [00:42:33.14] [00:42:36.02] Short Yeah of course there are various optical techniques that can take you [00:42:41.05] [00:42:41.05] down very good sensitivities saw you know that I would really miss is that c. [00:42:45.13] [00:42:45.13] is used to be and are still used in the clinic market or [00:42:48.22] [00:42:48.22] a lot of allies political allies and have been declined as well. [00:42:51.14] [00:42:52.18] And these. [00:42:53.09] [00:42:54.16] Things actually are antibody based test as well I think we can [00:42:59.05] [00:42:59.05] in the electrical technique at least can compete with the best optical take me. [00:43:02.11] [00:43:03.17] So I think it can be sort of a. [00:43:05.20] [00:43:06.23] Parallel. [00:43:07.15] [00:43:08.23] Track where if you want very sensitive antibody detection you can go [00:43:11.23] [00:43:11.23] beyond the stakes and use the electrical detection technique without having to. [00:43:15.03] [00:43:18.15] Go thank you and another question from the integral part [00:43:23.05] [00:43:23.05] how about how about signal was this noise in electrical detection [00:43:27.22] [00:43:27.22] the impedance graph was plotted frequency versus current. [00:43:31.16] [00:43:33.21] Right so I think the electronic noise is really not. [00:43:40.11] [00:43:41.18] A factor from what we see in the data it is about you know the chemical background. [00:43:47.09] [00:43:49.03] Noise that's part of the noise goes below the usual caveats of that lumping [00:43:53.22] [00:43:53.22] any mineral binding technique nonspecific binding washes and [00:43:58.22] [00:43:58.22] so on so that part is fairly fairly standard that [00:44:04.03] [00:44:04.03] we see a frequency effect in that we can optimize making electronic signal to be [00:44:08.03] [00:44:08.03] better in certain frequency range but I think it's a chemical like they've been [00:44:11.20] [00:44:11.20] all finding side noise that actually doesn't but thank you [00:44:16.22] [00:44:22.08] another question from ocular Muller. [00:44:26.03] [00:44:27.19] Just the blood sample have to be filtered our pre-processed before alimony deduction [00:44:33.11] [00:44:34.13] Yeah so I think not but but let me be fully honest the data was something I'm. [00:44:40.08] [00:44:41.12] So because you know you do the development from bank samples and [00:44:45.09] [00:44:45.09] usually all blood is not the most easily accessible bank sample but [00:44:49.06] [00:44:49.06] you know in the last days work from large and other in us is. [00:44:52.16] [00:44:54.18] Large So we are going to try whole blood on this be another question from Ross if [00:45:02.02] [00:45:02.02] you're one of the functional consequences of the on a body being like oscillated. [00:45:07.18] [00:45:08.20] So that I think is a very interesting question I'll go back to. [00:45:15.01] [00:45:16.03] Quickly. [00:45:16.21] [00:45:20.15] The slide showing the various functions here. [00:45:23.19] [00:45:25.02] Yeah so. [00:45:26.05] [00:45:27.09] What ends up happening is that. [00:45:29.09] [00:45:30.12] The f.d.a. the substance binding with the body is strongly affected by. [00:45:36.13] [00:45:37.19] The black oscillation because they're the structures moderated by by the presence or [00:45:43.01] [00:45:43.01] absence of particular sugars on it and [00:45:45.20] [00:45:45.20] that seems that our binding centrally ends up directing the binding with [00:45:50.07] [00:45:50.07] compliments of the compliment response team says you have yourself. [00:45:53.18] [00:45:54.21] To live in unity response and get cells back outside various other cells [00:45:59.12] [00:45:59.12] those responses end up getting modified by the by the like oscillation as well [00:46:04.08] [00:46:06.23] thank you there's another question from. [00:46:16.07] [00:46:17.18] Are the electrodes based on the type reference counter and working yeah I [00:46:23.23] [00:46:23.23] know this is an impeding matric technique if you're asking that question I presume [00:46:27.18] [00:46:27.18] you you look at Mr Know something about the look of a street it's not a clinic or [00:46:33.02] [00:46:33.02] technique it's an intimate record conducting Macwhich type of techniques. [00:46:36.03] [00:46:45.03] And it was one of the questions I have. [00:46:46.12] [00:46:48.10] Sure you had a chance to do a comparison between your beloved easier lace on [00:46:53.05] [00:46:53.05] the radio regulation and one of the centrifuge since device [00:46:58.20] [00:46:58.20] your detection goes into nano Mahler concentration or human 5. [00:47:04.12] [00:47:06.23] I'm concerned that using a laser to do that opposed to the traditional laser [00:47:12.07] [00:47:12.07] like so I think the 2 things here one [00:47:17.06] [00:47:17.06] I think upfront and having the sensitivity from the chemicals [00:47:21.19] [00:47:21.19] from the standard allies the sensitivity and like I said usually allies and [00:47:25.20] [00:47:25.20] cities very commonly are not limited by the detection Center with a but [00:47:29.07] [00:47:29.07] by the not perfect binding you know which pushes up the negative controls signal so [00:47:34.09] [00:47:34.09] you know that's in the chemistry and so they are chronically they can only do so [00:47:38.10] [00:47:38.10] much to help with that but I think that the if you have the people who [00:47:41.22] [00:47:41.22] are sensitivity with these markers It so happens that you know the interesting [00:47:46.05] [00:47:46.05] thing about the glycol solution market is it's abundance right you have milligrams [00:47:50.02] [00:47:50.02] per mile of antibodies in your blood so that sensitivity is not only for [00:47:54.02] [00:47:54.02] this particular application but we're trying to do some interesting things and [00:47:57.18] [00:47:57.18] hopefully I'll have a chance to talk about those as well sometimes how to enhance [00:48:02.03] [00:48:02.03] the electronic signals by having specific electrodes structure and so on [00:48:07.07] [00:48:07.07] which hopefully can compete with you know live as part of the other development of [00:48:11.02] [00:48:11.02] course there are kinds of allies obviously because right now but [00:48:14.02] [00:48:14.02] I think we have along with people from this official. [00:48:16.10] [00:48:17.16] I see that Ross has another question maybe I can take it upon. [00:48:22.05] [00:48:24.02] Yes Ok yes what he's asking can you enter into like a later 90 body in the lab for [00:48:30.19] [00:48:30.19] any benefit Yes absolutely so I think actually sockets so [00:48:36.00] [00:48:36.00] you know with him we're looking for [00:48:38.21] [00:48:38.21] monoclonal antibodies this is a thing of a he's a like a solution to make [00:48:43.12] [00:48:43.12] it more effective less effective depending on what they're trying to do and [00:48:48.12] [00:48:48.12] kind of help him else I could measure this from far more than likely body for [00:48:53.12] [00:48:53.12] therapeutic body building this technique in that case it's not a diagnostic thing [00:48:57.10] [00:48:57.10] it's more of like you can you deploy this in near the manufacturing your neck that [00:49:02.20] [00:49:02.20] immediately you can measure to isolation because they'll be actually requires. [00:49:06.16] [00:49:09.10] You to certify basically water tank like a solution I'm talking about the body before [00:49:13.13] [00:49:13.13] it can it can go Of course my [00:49:16.15] [00:49:16.15] lab in the result of labs she's trying to develop vaccines that can. [00:49:20.06] [00:49:21.09] Cause the human immune system to make specific like and such and so that's [00:49:25.05] [00:49:25.05] interesting as well but there's a recall on sex line let's have one more question [00:49:30.21] [00:49:30.21] from clinical one of the challenges during standardize ition of these experiments. [00:49:35.08] [00:49:38.18] You know that's sort of a broad question so I'll take it the way I want to. [00:49:43.07] [00:49:44.13] I think you know one of the things that I didn't talk too much about and [00:49:50.01] [00:49:50.01] it came out and one of the questions is the sound so I'll talk about this in [00:49:54.06] [00:49:54.06] the call recontact the sample prep is you know this is a depiction technique and [00:49:58.18] [00:49:58.18] it's all fine and good about the sample practice is [00:50:03.14] [00:50:03.14] something that one needs to pay a little bit more attention to and [00:50:07.02] [00:50:07.02] there can be a lot of variability especially non blood samples you know [00:50:10.02] [00:50:10.02] blood samples are roughly similar in terms of the cost of the system that we're [00:50:14.15] [00:50:14.15] seeing on the in those lab we've seen that you know these can seem like be so [00:50:19.10] [00:50:19.10] different from each other and so that's one of the challenges we're trying to [00:50:23.14] [00:50:23.14] trying to also you know what we invited about and try to solve. [00:50:27.01] [00:50:29.23] The was that I think I just asked one question and probably. [00:50:34.09] [00:50:35.14] You have more questions later with an arrow let me [00:50:40.06] [00:50:40.06] finish with this last question can you describe in more detail the enzymatic [00:50:44.17] [00:50:44.17] single deposition what is the source of silver and why you have so [00:50:49.19] [00:50:49.19] the silver if it comes from the solution so [00:50:54.01] [00:50:54.01] the I'll show you the citation if you want to look at let me quickly go there. [00:51:00.16] [00:51:02.15] Yeah so this is a citation. [00:51:05.13] [00:51:06.14] We're able to see it. [00:51:07.16] [00:51:09.02] But. [00:51:10.11] [00:51:10.11] This is a standard silver substrate that's available in the. [00:51:13.20] [00:51:14.23] Electron Microscope you people use it's a silver suspended as I think a lot nitrate [00:51:20.01] [00:51:20.01] and then it gets reduced and deposited. [00:51:21.20] [00:51:23.01] Particles the other way to find out more and [00:51:26.07] [00:51:26.07] let me pitch my lab new lab sightseers so you can go here and see more. [00:51:30.06] [00:51:33.05] But. [00:51:34.16] [00:51:34.16] Let's thank you look for you up and [00:51:38.01] [00:51:38.01] past the presentation we thank you on behalf of the Nana fans Aryans and [00:51:42.12] [00:51:42.12] the next I mean our will be coming Wednesday which is May 6th. [00:51:46.14] [00:51:48.01] At 11 am by Professor Phillip Santana law and [00:51:53.19] [00:51:53.19] the topic he would dark is about are unable based drugs for [00:51:57.19] [00:51:57.19] treating influenza and call with 19 so thank you and [00:52:02.09] [00:52:02.09] how about rest of the wonderful day and have a good weekend as well and [00:52:07.00] [00:52:07.00] see all the thank you thank you very much everybody. [00:52:11.20] [00:52:13.18] Thank you. [00:52:14.06]