So our first speaker today is
usually thank you say what

you graduate student in materials science
engineering which is co advised by Haskell

back on the executive I hear she did her
undergraduate work on logical materials

engineering at this temple Technical
University and she has a master's degree

in mechanical engineering engineering
processes from southern Illinois.

Today she's going to tell us about.

It.

Thank you very much for the introduction.

Today the title of my
presentation is the formation and

growth make in museums of single
mold metal oxide not to use

single gold metal oxide the tubes
have emerged as an important

colossal fielding block materials for
the technological applications.

There are only a few examples of
single woman to look side not to say

these are I mean those to me Kate.

I mean a German they'd and
many of Denmark side the tubes.

Today the presentation focuses on.

I mean I see a kid on a tube.

These on the troops have an outside by
a meter that this poor point told on

the meter and you know diameter
off that is one millimeter and

they're all lengths are ALL
hundred millimeter.

And not too.

Well has a building in
it that is composed.

I mean hydroxide shell with it in there so

they can touch the heads of it touched
with we have three oxygen bridges.

And these materials Oprah's ever write
off compositions and also by mentions For

example you can replace the just silicone
Ted's red room with the drawer man in

the header and you say are you
going to germinate in the tubes.

We tried to create in diameter and
all so much shorter.

So you know today about the farm pro city
with tunable composition and by man.

And the existence of chemical
in more than five in there and

how they're hydroxyl groups makes them.

Makes these materials at
truck your candidates for

the fabrication of their wife's us for
catalysts a sensing and more nickel or

separations and also high flux on
the fluid membranes actually our world has

made a great deal of progress in their
applications and a molecular separation.

Of papers can be fallen
from our group members.

And for more information
about the subject and all for

interesting property interesting
applications are also feasible such as

use them as an insulating
sheet in Karbala based cables.

I mean honestly getting on
the tubes are synthesised.

By low temperature synthesis procedures
from mild echoes Majlis of the a coup

solutions of inexpensive reactance
in the first stage of the reaction.

The reactance are ed that these
are the main intersect with oxide and

that's where it's all to silicate
solutions the hydrochloric said and

in the first stage the solution
is aged four eighteen hours.

And in the next stage.

The solution temperature is increased one
of three of starts to form and grow and

this reaction lasts for four days and
at the end of the pool for

day fourth day the pure form can be
opened by simply dial izing the sound

of socials and a subsequent freeze drying.

So the main objective of our research
is to gain the cap ability to engineer

composed by mentions and structures
are going to score because objects.

For example can be achieved an extreme
level control over the diameters

of the two.

And we believe this.

Could only be achieved through
the discovery of the missing wing

which are the generalizable design rules
between the starting reactance and

final moments of material.

We have chosen in the slick
in the tubes as an example or

material because they are sent to
says cure slowly on a time scale of

hours days a lowing the to study their
formation and world making museums.

For those threes them.

We employed in a number
of techniques including.

That nuclear magnetic rose almost
spectroscopy and across Britain

as they should must spectrometry to
update information at molecular level.

So with these techniques we identified
the chemical composition of

nano scale predator surface and
wants to identify their structures.

We performed.

Thus it's a functional
terror simulations to

obtain the final journal
my three final one.

The clerk on for Gratian off the on the
scale quicker service and to obtain that

information at larger scales the employed
electron microscope the techniques Y.

electron microscope and
transmission electron microscope.

So here are the key results so
electro suppression as they should miss

Spectrometer is a very powerful technique
that can direct identify the chemical

composition of species in synthesis
tool lotions and hear them.

In the silicates appreciation in during
the aging stage at room temperature

is studied from the mess spectral
that this Kollek took and

all off the old edition of
the reactance at room temperature and

the identification of the moniker
compositions from the mess Specter

is performed based on
the mess to charge ratio.

I looked up be gracious.

And also wall there peak Sirius.

These are the peaks that.

Are Belong to the same one it kewl
with what Walter molecule LIVE FROM So

for example if the separation is eighteen
months unit defrost it means singly

charged if it's not if it means double the
charge for these type of identification

principles a low dose to assign a chemical
composition for the detected species.

So here you see the list of
identified in the secret complex us.

And these are ranging in different sizes

ranging from containing a single
element in about some up to thirteen.

I mean at times.

And they have different and
model silicon and percolate attachment.

So this study also reveals the possible
complex ation of the solution and

ion in this case is the percolate with
the other main implicate complexes.

Here are the key examples of these species
and these are basically can be explained

all of these are it can be explained
with the same basic structural unit and

compositions as the final
on the tree of material.

And then be performed Solway to pass
it to functional Terra calculations

it reveal that do these make
these scale materials have and

interests occur which are very similar
to the final moment of material.

This is all like the pure
illuminates which are shown to have

planned their low minimum
energy configurations.

So we just stayed at touch of silicone
is a result in the curvature formation.

A whilst we heat the solution
temperatures large species that have

that interesting curvature disappears
from the mess backdrop and

leaving only a small and medium sized.

Complex as the tech bubble.

And also to gather with
that we observe the.

Upper a P. H. The K. immediately after
the heating of the solutions from

ninety five degrees C. This is
an indication of a condensation reaction

leading tool releases of protons so
with with these results we can say.

The nano scale almost kill.

Complexes that has that interest
occur which are condo's upon heating

the synthesis solo shows
to mine to five degrees.

At together with MUST
spectrometer studies.

We also employed the liquid state and
them are and

here are the spectra Kollek
the aluminum liquid and

the more spectra collected as
a functional aging and heating times.

This study revealed
the existence of three different

species instance of societal oceans
one of them is the keg and complex.

This is an aluminum thirteen unit with a
cylindrical tend to head in the middle and

also it reveals the existence of species
in not too black configurations.

Much longer much before the formation
of the known the troops.

Also there are more open had
recorded native mall numbers.

So all of these spectra collected and the
book and the change in the chemical and

wireman around these species
are tracked by tracking the change in

the chemical shift line with
an integrated areas of each peak.

And here are the results.

So during the ancient stage
eighteen hours of aging stage.

The Kegan molecule
a model concentration and

also the speed on the tube
like species is increased

at the expense of small numbers which
it might be an indication of and

a Calabrian established between these
three species and together with that.

Also in this stage the non-acute like
molecules experienced a significant.

Chemical or drink how they were around
that increases the temperature.

We didn't open any change either
in the chemical shade or in the.

Structure or
the ration of the black precursors

indicating these are the molecules
formed from already

formed procure Thursday
during the aging States.

So based upon the results of extensive
must spectrometry and M R studies.

The most Let me demonstrate a new
moniker that will make a museum

of single woman to look side Nona
to hear in the aging stage there is

a dynamic equilibrium a stablished
between the small medium and

large sized I mean a slick
eight complexes and run the set

a synthesis of the temperature of the sort
of synthesis solutions is increased.

The large complex as with
the interests of curvature.

To rearrange to form the materials and

further information can
be formed in our paper.

So now we know that none of to form from
curved on the scale intermediates and

so all the hype with this says
is there is a relationship

between the pressure sir curvature and
finally on the tip material.

So the question can we
control them on the tube.

I am meters by controlling
the curvature of the precursors.

And in the next part of the toll.

I'll show that blinding and
ions such as chloride Perkel arrayed and

as the tape can induce changes to
the curvature of the precursors and

monotube different by
meters can be obtained.

And not any ions are released
during the formation leaving

the monotube structure unaffected.

Are in experimental studies to
quote from that hypothesis.

For example Xsara.

The patterns of not of troops Kollek good

as the puncture not
different assets show that.

The specter experienced a shift.

In the next artist pattern is all pain
from the scattering of the monotube

those that are in hexagonal and when the
playing at the same on the clinic home for

gracious and Pete peoples issue is

directly related with the external diary
to opt not to and from this results.

One can conclude that the largest
fire meter of monitors are all taking

Bundy use hydrochloric acid.

And the smallest diameters are a pain
round they use a CITIC a set and

these results are all full supported
by our nitrogen presumption experiments

which are drawn tool observe the change
in the poor size of the monitor of

synthesize in the presence
of different and

ions more aware are in them
are studies on the freeze dried and

then the Through of sample strolled
out there is no structural changes

induced because of different and ions
that are used in the Synthesis solutions.

OK that X. are the and nitrogen fizzes
option study is in the kid that there

is a change in the external
diameter of the moment tubes.

Bugs cry electron microscope clues super
reveals the Pinal the not to die meter.

So an ever so mean every single two
diameters was determined based on

the museum's of fifteen on the tubes but
I am refreeze anting the I'm giving

the representative from micrographs here
you can see that when we use hydrochloric

acid normal to plan meters to point A and
then we use aesthetic sit.

We have to point to the meat on
the ribs to point to external

diameters So in this figure of equal
paired the external by a meter.

Measured from the electron micrographs

called the number of repeating
units in the tube circumference.

These are opting from the geometry
optimized models of these lemma

tubes that are in different diameters and
from this figure we can conclude that for

example when the percolator guess it.

We have not tubes with an external
diameter of two point eight.

That is corresponding to fifteen repeating
this in the circle of friends and

also boundary use as Atika said we have
not tubes with external diameter of it is

two point two millimeter with the eleven
repeating going as in the circle for us.

So this demonstrates an extra extra level
control over them no matter diameters.

So results in the four results indicate
that the multiplier meters are changing

but is that because of the curvature
of the precursors are changing due to

the complex ation of the I do these
procedures with and ions so be performed.

Again a similar extensive study is to
identify them want to kill their structure

of the precursors and also perform
the if the optimisation studies and

to obtain the final geometry of each
prickers in different us of the oceans

which are complex with different and
ions and also quantified this curvature by

a circle radius fit
the circle radius was fitted

to believe the circle radius was
fitted by these to coerce atomic

order Nates off the I mean atoms
that are in along the curvature.

And here you see the result
actually support

the correlate the core of great with
the change in the external diameter.

And also to understand how
the binding both in the eye and

chain induced changes in
the current which are we replaced.

This.

Annoying groups with hydroxyl groups and
the results show that actually

the vine the open and
I into up to the nearest to the K.

precursors significantly
changes that it's curvature.

So here I've summarized the true
wealth representative precursors

opting in them in different acidic
solutions of non Tube synthesis and

you see the curve of the Procurators
are clustered around different

measured curvature regions and also
along the line which just corresponding

to the external by a meter of the monotube
measured from electron micrographs So

this reveals that there is a correlation
between the purser curvature and

find the moment your diameter and
here by we we're able to demonstrate new

molecular level concepts the for
constructing those Skopec objects.

So industrial scale processing of.

In or going to run a tubes
requires the development of

quantitative models that can explain
the formation and growth kinetics

here we propose a four step generalized
kinetic model that escape able of

explaining their formation and
world mechanisms here.

The with this model we use
those the existence of three

main known chemical species in synthesis
solo shows these are pressure surface

amorphous particles and military ops.

And another two formation or cures with
Tool step in the first step the precursors

on the forms almost particles with
the rate constant of a want done.

None of troops are really erased from
amorphous particles with the rate

constant of K. to.

Wants to rearrangement of
is complete the growth is.

Permitted and
monotube school with to mechanism.

Denotative cope with additional pressure
sores through the growing them through

ants at the rate constant Cait three and

also they grow with the edge
to edge aggregation mechanism.

So based on these proposed reaction steps

not the rate equations are written for
a better center says reactor.

And offer a mathematical
model is the OP to explain

the evolving the mature lengths as
a function of sense assist time.

Once the model is double up now we are
experimental Montreux Planck distributions

from prior Alectryon micrographs Kollek
that as a function of synthesis time.

And nearly five hundred in
the troops are measured and

for each airport each synthesis
time in to explain it to get

their pooled quality of
the distributor blank distributions.

And also the solutions of
the month to month still model.

With the non in your list of course
fit to minimize the residual

error between the experimental assimilate
that they tell you stop taking and

to minimize the residual error which
was approximately around ten percent.

So it is you can see that the model is
full captures the evolving moment to

plant distributions as
a function of synthesis time and

the OP then the kinetic part of meters
here and we can see that for example the.

Condensation is much firster
than the rearrangement.

The arrangement is the rate
limiting step in the Synthesis.

So the model is able to explain
that holding the actors through.

So while what it.

What is it.

Cannot predict predict and

on a trip like this three missions
run we change direction conditions.

Yes or in this case we changed to react.

We changed the.

Precursor we changed the precursor
to trace the increase and

decrease it by fifty percent and

our model was able to predict more
mature plant distributions and of course

the mean I would not your plants here
you see when they include with degrees

the concentration of the initial pressure
through as we get over to the troops.

It's because of the one being
the Koreas the precursor M.R.

we decrease the amount of amorphous
particles or in other words the number of

nuclear I that is leading to not
troops in much longer lengths.

So we I would like to thank my
advisers and my board members and

all thought acknowledge the supporter
of this project in the south and

also thank my collaborators and
thank you for coming to this presentation.

From what.

War and longer of one way or.

Much from the whys of your.

Changes on the war

its its first in the initial
reaction was and then slows down.

The boys say.

Yes So basically the reason
why the lands are increased so

you have decreased the amount of nuclear.

I that is growing to larger lengths.

So there is a cliff you have less nuclei
and then the growth growth will cure

from this less amount of nuclei
saw it will go to larger Lance.

That is clean and
still expect you to smoke.

More or less.