You know our

work very very.

Our office of vice president for

research and are with us today in the far.

Off back there at the back.

Thanks Ed let me ask you.

So we always are there.

I have to protect

her every day that I'm right now
I will be back before the day.

Yes to get into this and
and we do have an.

What I wanted to ask the camera

because I'm hoping that I will
have access to what I miss.

Yes.

Yes.

OK so if you have to

market it.

Yeah.

And.

My question.

Right.

Welcome and thank you for coming out.

Party trying to start a working group.

On and you know already and poverty and

this is kind of a culmination
of that hard work.

She started all that time ago and

it's great to see it come
to this type of fruition.

I think my research for
a long period of time

has a couple of threads
that go in common and

one is my research whether it be
Central America or South America.

All deals with issues of inequality and
exclusion on the one side and

the other is field work that's driven
our research is driven by large amounts

of build work and often want term
longitudinal studies with lots and

lots and
lots of this it's in the field and

that is driven by what I think is the more
macro definition of my research which

is the desperation that it
might lead study abroad.

I do every summer to
different parts of the world

gives me the greatest satisfaction of
my professional career and I think

it's where I'm making most one term impact
and with the rhythms of study abroad.

I'm unable to take semesters and of course
summers off so I have this dilemma How do

I feel research and the desperation
methodology is to figure out where you're

going to be the next ten years and try and
develop research questions that will allow

you to do field work over
this long period of time.

And that turns out to be
I think a very fruitful.

Really high risk proof low
because it's largely inductive.

And you sometimes have some
idea what you're studying.

But you don't know what
important thing you might say in

a long time down the road and
that's going to be part of

the research on the talk about today is
one of these particular types of projects.

I'm interested in issues of inequality
you might see them I really research

was on the who's missing three.

But more recently and I'm interested
in looking at issues of access and

exclusion and you know quality and
the implications that that has for growth.

I think that's a really useful way to look
at you know quality because everyone then

is a stakeholder if we just look at
the normative issue of inequality and

the suffering of those that don't have
right now that falls on deaf ears.

But if we can show the really dramatic
effects of inequality on long term growth

poor economies and there are a number
of economists and social scientists and

going this for the United States right
now that one of the reasons if U.S.

economy cannot really get back on track
is that well because of inequality are so

high that consumption is constrained.

And there's a lot of this debate
going on in Brazil that them

real magic of the recent
Brazilian economic boom

was a dramatic decline in the size
distribution of inequality.

So this this research that I have
today is on tourism and it's a look at

tourism in three cities in Latin America
three global city street great cities.

One of the benefits of this particular
desperation research model that

I have is I get to do it in fabulous
places and in this case it was in.

Saris Ghana and Rio de Janeiro and I want.

Talk about.

Political policies that the local tourism
authorities develop in the cities and

in particular and how inequality and
social exclusion was

a dramatic constraint on the policy
options of these particular leaders and

on growth of tourism
in these three cities.

So here is my methodology.

I did four hundred eighty four
interviews over the period of time

one thousand nine hundred ninety nine
to two thousand and eleven in lots and

lots of trips where the students
were operating others

running around doing interviews
in those particular cases and

I combine my methodology prospect
of comparative process tracing.

There is this methodology
retrospective comparative

process tracing it's quite common in
the social sciences with a small number of

paces where you try to use
historical research and

secondary record interviews to develop
a compelling comparative argument

that includes a sequence in
an agency to make a claim a causal

claim of what caused two cases
to end up a different point.

But in my case I do it.

Perspective.

So I don't know what the outcome is
going to be when I began which I

have all sorts of problems of never
knowing you know I'm going to find

something particularly interesting but
at the same time I'm not so

letting on my dependent variable either
because I don't know what that variance

in the kind of variable is feeling going
to do but I did have some inputs and

some outputs that I wanted to look at
to help structure the interviews and

those two inputs were
the bureaucratic choice and

social structure and the outputs are.

The growth of international and
the distribution of those benefits to

people all of those particular cities and
bureaucratic choice was

interesting because this research started
just at about the time that Latin America

identified international tourism
as one of the key foundations for

their economic growth their actual tourism
now is a trillion dollar industry and

in the region international tourism
from two thousand to two thousand and

ten grew at about thirty seven percent.

So it was this period of time in it and

what cities did at this particular
time was push very hard

to try and
rebranding their cities to make.

Tourism destinations and they created or
they beefed up local tourism authority so

new institutions were created across a lot
of cities and even a lot of countries and

in the one nine hundred ninety S. and
early two thousand and so as a political

scientist it's really interesting to see
these different institutions as they take

shape and then see what happens
to them over this period of high.

And one of the changes it's
happening that I found

interesting as I went through this
was that these tourism ministry

were were no longer the traditional
the very in bureaucracy.

They were not following policies of best.

Operating Procedures they were not

trying to do the standard
bureaucratic activities.

But they to compete in this certainly
needed to be much more entrepreneurial

that would take on certain business
qualities and in order to be innovative

and to have innovation was really one of
the more important elements of having.

A unique brand that could be successful
in this very competitive industry.

We started to get the entrepreneurial and

innovative bureaucrats in
some places in not in the US.

So when we talk just a little bit about
each of these three cities they're

great places if you haven't been there
I would recommend you ship them.

And witness Arias is interesting
city structurally because

the city itself which is about three
point two million in the metropolitan

areas about eleven million people but
the city's three point two million.

Is made up of this this mosaic of identity

inspired neighborhoods and this became
a very key to tourism model for

the city that was led by any I mean
I mean the market in Lamar these.

Vision of tourism was actually quite
radical His vision was that all.

Tourism is culture.

All tourism is culture and when he was
asked to be the minister of tourism for

the city.

He said I will only be it.

If I am also the minister of culture for
the city of women's art which

gave him a tremendous advantage
because the tourism budget and

the city when its origins are practically
five million dollars a year the culture

budget is two hundred eighty
million dollars a year and so

he was able to bring this together and
drive eat very interesting

model where what he believed
was that if you if you did this

effectively you could have
a number of benefits and

what they tried to do was find niche
cultural markets where Wayne is Ari's

could become the leading light largely
in South America but also when you.

So you would have largest
book fair in the Spanish and

would have a million one
hundred thousand Argentine and

one hundred thousand visitors from
other countries and you would do this.

Design Fair It's where.

Colin area activity.

And in a way with the gay
community the gay community is

a sector that can participate in both the
creation of a new cultural identity and

the word of mouth to help create
sorry it's as the trendy place

to go in the hemisphere and
and so you pick the key for

this to work was that it maintained its
authenticity and for that to happen.

You know all of these activities there
had to be more locals and tourists.

So if there ever was an event
that had more tourists and

locals and this was not going
to work with the long term for

that type of cultural branding that
went as Arias was trying to achieve but

to do this you had to constantly
expanding the cultural footprint.

So if we look at the city.

Right through the city.

Very quickly another case is in Havana
Cuba and again the synergies that the.

Effective minister of tourism for

the city of Havana had is
he is also the city story.

You said you lay out and
they did City historian in one

thousand nine hundred three when Havana
was in the worst of its crises and

a reporter from The Telegraph was in
the city taking a picture of a beautiful

building and it crumbled right in front of
his eyes as he was taking pictures of it.

Was that they needed to renovate and so

he said he'll lay out a historian
went to the communist leadership and

made a deal unprecedented in the history
of Cuba where he would essentially be

the Pope of old gramma this glorious
place which sow's of historic

buildings and he would control all
negotiations and all money for

tourism the city historians
office would run hotels.

It would lead hotels to foreign
capital they would do all of this and

they would control all of the money and

the deal was they would keep half
of it to renovate the buildings and

they would give half of it to the state
and he got this deal because.

As prospect theory tells us it was
very much in the domain of losses and

they were big risk takers.

They had no choice in the special period
of the one nine hundred ninety S..

And so he was able to create this but
it turns them is much different then

in wages aren't because while you
don't have a lot of inequality between

the locals you have this tremendous
amount of and different modes.

Alleys of inequality between
the tourists and the locals themselves.

And very quickly Rio de Janeiro
the tourism zone it's down here.

Right.

Mountains that defy those
areas from the rest and

they have kept with a very stagnant
tourism policy because human capital is so

low and crime is so
high that they have been forced

to maintain what we could consider
an urban enclave tourism model that

has been not very useful for the majority
of the people who live in Rio de Janeiro.

We can see here growth of tourism both
in percentage change on the right and

millions of tourists and you can see this
witness are you going to have a relatively

dramatic much higher than the regional
average whereas in Rio de Janeiro

in this decade of tourism where they
hosted the Pan American Games and got

the World Cup and the Olympics turns into
Rio de Janeiro actually decline because

this generic sand and sea tourism is one
of the models that's on the decline.

So so we can classify tourism.

I mean social scientists love these
three by three major see this is mine

where you have your social
structure on the lot and

your policy choices on the right
way to saris and have and

of all have entrepreneurial and
innovative policies when it started.

Also because of its structure
as inclusive tourism.

And really they're out is a place
that has very stagnant and

very very and policies and
also is stuck because of its

social structure where this
urban enclave tourism.

And I guess and in my final comment would
be a question of where would we put

Atlanta on this particular three by
three matrix and what are the reasons.

And the ramifications of putting
the Civil Rights Museum not

in near the King Center but right
down here in Mexico called Thank You.

Thank

you.

Good afternoon.

So I am Michael bust through
some facial hair which

still seems to be scandalising faculty
members and some of these groups across

Georgia Tech practically member grows
facial hair but I haven't the best and

I'm delighted to be here as
a departure maybe from my

earlier speakers I'm
not going to thank you.

Organizers or the sponsors.

Because I think we're among friends and
what instead even though I'm thankful I

want to say I'm super excited
that this room is packed close.

Some of us sometimes feel like those of us
working development and poverty issues.

They don't always get a lot
of connections I'm just what

I think that's probably because we have
organized fans so I'm very excited.

In my research I mean Sammy and

the role of Peter in communication
all of the Internet.

I'm hopeful to left a need in economic and
political and

social development primarily
in low income countries and

Africa some very Southeast Asia.

And I do that by studying in these
countries my research in design

specs building technology examining him
to structure looking at empowerment and

acted after the news all with
the under-resourced communities.

Kirk of if you're desperate.

I think are you desperate.

Yes I'm probably miscue less so while I
focus on I see these in development and

I really seem to work process
a rather broad range of areas.

Have a role like the mend.

So I mean give you a few
examples teach you

with some of the examples of that work and
then try to bring it all together

a lot of my work right now is
focusing on the broader area.

Crissy information communication
technologies and political development.

And much of that has been looking
at elections in twenty ten.

I work with a bunch of colleagues in
Nigeria to develop a social media

tracking technology and
process through which we sucked

social media material that's like
Facebook Twitter Google plus.

And used real time analysis on track to

study flag and tank instance

of recorded irregularities in the twenty
ten my theory of the election.

We then were able to communicate
in real time through visualization

was the this social media
analysis to a SITUATION ROOM.

That was happening to the Capitol here and

they would respond to the social media

reports that we were discovering
her analysis here in Atlanta.

This would be things
like we would identify

a polling place of regularity like a place
polling and read out a ballot papers.

We will identify that through social media
analysis send that to they would contact

the election officials and they could send
some polling now keepers to the polling.

After the presidential election.

It's special in the north of Nigeria
the there was a series of violent

outbursts and we quickly retold the system
to respond to the incidence of violence.

We were able to identify
acts of violence rioting and

other incidences that we
communicated to our practice

center SITUATION ROOM and a Boucher and
they actually then contacted the security

forces who dispatched troops based upon
our social media reporting and analysis.

So that process of the reality.

Both a system and the technology for
social media traffic during

the Lakshmi's evolved into something
that also could respond to conflict and

then we moved from the tiny
tiny like Nigeria.

To the social media tracking center
we did for Liberia during their

WITH THE SITUATION ROOM here in Atlanta
to the Canadian election last year to

Kenya last few months ago and now we have
a quite robust I think series of projects

to examine social media and
elections and political development.

Related to that.

So you can see that social media project
responded to act incidences of violence

and murder in a serious ties and
broader than your project to putting

on peace building in the networked
world or conflict and

post conflict computing and this is
included quite a range of projects but

most recently I've been working in Syria
on Liberia to try to do policy work and

infrastructure deployment as
they ready their country for

the first fiber internet connection for
the country so

folks here early on in life here you have
been connected to a submarine cable that.

We dragged ashore in the grove via.

And this is the first time.

Both of those countries have
ever been in their fiberoptic

cable where they only had satellite
conic to every country is anywhere

near the Internet you know
we are the sort of person.

So in these two conflicts pressed.

Countries that you know over
the last ten years or so

from a very significant civil conflict and
destroyed infrastructure.

I think collaborating with the government
and with my life here on campus

to develop policy and
infrastructure plans for

the country so that if it's the supply.

Why are the demand drivers in the country
and how can be these countries ensure that

they get value out of
this kind of connection.

With information the communication
technology and Hansen urged

patience post conflict or
conflict stress the virus.

So we won't be deploying or
create something

Beijing lab hopefully
in the next few months.

We're working with the World Bank that
we're having what they call the D.M.

next week which is the decision meeting
to put at the bottom of the dollars

and so that's another part of sort
of thinking about I think she's.

In a complex press corps peace building.

And finally another thing that I suspect

she is developing rich interactive
media technology and better

designed to enable national healing and so

in this period of trial for.

Country for a number of years.

We actually built a system of interactive

video the story sharing that allowed
Liberians to talk about their

experiences during the civil conflict
to complain about things in Liberia at

the time the part about sports scores
through to to rap hip hop songs whatever.

And we were able to show
actually through the whole.

This way for me that

demonstrated to be critical in national
healing of post conflict reconciliation.

So that's sort of the peace building
side and finally the terms of sort

of the portfolio that I just want
to highlight here the project.

That we're doing to try to build civic
you know patient and network thinking

in West Africa and
using computer platforms and

software engineering practice to
help to kind of Green Bay per se.

Civic I.C.T. enable projects.

So this isn't a practice
it's going to be a series of

curriculum innovations and
innovations workshops in right

cheerier with a series of what we're
calling you know vision Carlos'.

Where we actually have
created public process.

We're working with this isn't
collaborators from a colleague of

Harvard through.

Syria and we're working to develop
a missile cope or exoneration.

Critique their word and
part of the research from my

field or
the Innovation Network civic thinking but

also to look soft practice and
to try to examine whether there are.

It is something I Africans.

Many of the traditional software
engineering approaches that you might

recall to have some contextualized
challenges in some of the communities of.

Why.

Why are.

All.

OK.

I just feel that supervisors co-directing
a program called New Media Nollywood.

The Nigerian film industry or
the world at its height.

It produced twenty films a week.

It is the second largest
economic engine for

the state of Lego's it employs
a million people or so and it's

almost certainly becoming Africa's largest
and most significant cultural export.

So one thing that Nigerian film
industry is great at is making films.

One thing that they almost universally
feel sure about is the role

of old media and social media arms around

her action post production and
distribution of these films and so

we need to develop in a very tight ration
amongst many Nigerian filmmakers and.

Sort of the categories they're
producing technologies

knowledge and films that try to leverage

because they do have

that little clip was in the Aware Home.

Just on the campus the film is going
to premiere in late goes in November.

During the Nollywood plenty birthday event
has one of the gala red carpet events.

Probably some sort of Euro stars.

And kind of crazy.

And if you can imagine sort of Nigeria.

It's Hollywood and the craziness
of an intersection of that sort.

You know maybe Yanks to
describe this project is like.

Finally we were asked to say
what I was what we're doing.

I'm Some of you heard this title and
from like in a place like this.

I pray this is Peter scientists but
after after getting my Ph D.

and the next day I practiced myself to
social scientists by shifting up three

train stations stops or
Memo to the harbor and and becoming

a fellow at the Center for International
Development at Harvard University.

When Jeff Sachs was still there.

So well my background
actually goes to systems

every little supercomputer kind of
like a traditional computing area.

I graduated and

started work in developing my
crassly as a social scientist and

the one thing I promise you
is I spent a lot of years.

Were world class.

But it was the hardest program in
the world with the systems of element on

massively parallel supercomputers.

But social sciences way harder and

humans are way more complicated
than Peter's So if and.

One on this campus ever thinks
that the tough smart folks

are the ones in engineering and science.

I promise you as a fall
an engineer who's gone soft

The hardware is in the social sciences and
a lot of what happens when I've been out.

And finally we're off target
a little bit about this and

I started out saying this and that's true.

Both in the type of projects but
in the ways we go about doing.

And across my collaborator.

Some of them were designed and
we build systems in my lab and

especially folks who are on the side.

Have city building systems but
I think everyone should build

things whether it's a computer program or
some thing you build with your hands.

I think building is a great way to
be a research project where we're.

We also do a lot of social science and
that are tainted by

politics of methods so
in many of the parts except this right.

We've done straight out
quantitative control studies.

We've also done many politicians studies.

You know vote.

No not at all if you were
going to mention we're here

to understand why you have structure.

I have a tendency to work on
national I.C.T. policies for

many countries right now and
elaborate in the universal service.

So that's kind of the word.

I would say that I'm quite
interdisciplinary on almost everything

that I've described.

I'm working with teams that him food.

Development specialists
poverty economists.

And.

And usually a student
collaboration process at least here

in the national earth.

So thank you very much.

Thank you thank.

Whitman.

Thank

you.

I'm spending your Friday.

My name is Adam and

basically what I'm standing
here is actually a speech.

And a little bit of that.

Just to give experience some form of

violence and high.

I mean.

One big impact of

back on track five

companies that

affect young children you know.

That finds some.

What say if you deprive to

supplement the liver you pull back
on that somewhat but the cost of

the concentration

and a look in specific differences for
different.

Different kinds of participation.

Back and

activities such as.

Children.

I mean the structure is a lot like

science right.

I mean.

I am productive life.

And level.

Right and it takes a long time to go back.

And.

But that

else and I mean

and what doesn't and I'm just basically.

I mean and I

and change happen and I would like

to because I am I think you know.

When I think

when unemployment and people.

And I mean bad people experience.

I mean I already mentioned
that sometimes people

having children during A Times that.

That

isn't

true but.

That people change around them rant.

And the like.

And that.

You mention

it.

Right.

In Africa and if you don't

respond and ready children right.

Mapping.

It Right.

So I

have a couple of weeks on

September the list that.

I have hurt.

Young children.

And that

deprived her of.

My son and my son than they are in

this country compared to a chick.

Musician.

If you actually went out and

actually me a fact that by that point.

Just launched a crash.

But.

Right.

Right.

And.

Right right.

Right.

I'm going to go for the.

Big.

I think so.

Interesting because I would expect right.

That.

That is the.

Shout out.

By.

The best in their.

I mean that's.

Much ever to prepare for
the start of extensive understand.

Institutional and historical environment
around the corner and all that.

And social process for
example I have a project and

Zimbabwe rep looks also at the long
form and people have kind of upwards in

your kitchen but it has been
effective on one who is a very.

I mean went on to stand up for
your simple search for

just fine would be somewhat
generalizable our Yes right.

And sometimes it still yes.

Then institutional
environment often finds how.

Out of it and

also you have to understand also the
syllogistic or distribution of resources.

I have a budget of it.

Well me so you also have a potential
profits because what you want

to do but
cause an impact what he has been out come

at us in the Bush what would be a bunch
of other things that have been there

and capturing and you have to be on me.

I mean it's very important.

We'll get perspective.

I'm all I'm I'm an obvious
Arsenal scientists about me me.

To a me.

Start to let me start I am trying
to look good for joining us.

Thank you.

Of.

All right to him to have on this for

sheer joy that we are talking about
fortunately and access to such.

Pranks goes to cause.

Dr Rice doesn't need to hide them.

And I know could mention I had
started bugging people early on of but

I realize I'm sort of this is
my second yes occurred here.

I realize that people are willing
to talk and listen to you ask them

what's of time and this is the best
five realize that I've talked to so

many of the people who are really
in some ways to my research up

to my cook at some point to do

in my department working on
developing the blood on the plane.

So I've seen that that is and this even if
it's not been strictly the same discipline

that you are that people are willing
to listen to what he was trying to say.

I didn't think that you
need to talk to pick.

So let me talk about the broader search
that you have I think you have sort of

we're talking about similar
winds which we decided on so

as to keep the trust and
that's in patients.

Why I did some action.

And what that approach is that
possible elaborations with this

lemon economist and
that I many jokes about them on the stand.

Only if they have what I listen to the end
of the talking say like to you that was

obviously was me stating something so
wrong but that happens.

Having said that.

Let's go over again.

The guy I was studying in India.

It was a big station regulated

in the since its independence making
ninety's the country was highly regulated.

He had and I am attracted to
that about economic reforms and

we were part of this free
of of globalization and

many things were changing about Vicki at
the time and then big political debates.

Maybe similar to the academic
debates we had here.

And so I've heard her saying
movie need to have passed

from suburban tensions between economic
growth on the one site which was coming.

Naturally the capital.

But that was also it's an inequality and.

It should be have a how should we have
a balanced approach to that is one

of the crucial things in the political
circles of the economic and

that's that me to the table.

You see this would be any
of that ever looking like.

Itself.

But you would see this pretty
close to a higher tons and then.

My research to look at these for the last.

But then go look because that's
one which is going to get.

I'm also looking at any
quality which is also in using

the kind of work you
know that I'm looking at.

So how did all of these things.

My relation

between that and what extent

different betting than all of them
are into this liberalization.

And yet.

I'm choosing just such topics

up which some focus on.

But.

So the first topic I like

to meet you have a part of
which is because a little under

the car had already stricken by
now then you will have much less.

So when I have a counterfactual
simulate some kind of

become a mix of this change and
what would have been the poverty.

If you had income distribution certain
amount of work it would have been that

you come up with so
this is what makes the end.

On Poverty.

Right which I found was lacking in
most of the political economic of

this size quantity their finances.

Yes So what was the impact of that on.

Yes we had what was stated by one and.

This conduct actually meant
heard that they're not.

Actually that comes of numbers

that number one might be if we just had
we would have reduced by forty plus and.

Changes people to get that action.

You know.

Both signed to me to put in.

He had me planted because immediately
after that a promise then the contribution

of the state back to but

this is just an example read you can
split the screen and then looking at me.

There's another project at functions so
it would be and not necessary.

I think that needs an income that
is much more complex for NATION.

And the burden on

the big banks but

we don't have a projection
of related to the.

Creeping saw in the different taxes on
this poverty when there's a lot and

you see that the fact
that all the needs to

see a pattern which is
quite straight forward.

Are in the single and
once the second broader set

of measurement.

So I work a lot on different
types of things I was on

one of my on.

And you can see and even if we ask
them what has happened to little bit.

Specially if you ask economists from
hypos depends on what the editing.

If you look at the pictures here is to
compare different estimates of what one

knows by the world by the independent and
really not much.

And these numbers get ciphered so

often especially when we have
the Millenium the US with China.

We remember the fact that
we're not perfect engine.

On these numbers and that is if you look
at the sight of the goal to actually feel

very fancy site read every article of
the countries on practice countries

off track to reaching these goods like an
Olympic So they see how those you are so.

It was sort of crazy to
look at all these and

you have to depend on
the statistics which is so noisy.

I mean who knows how you
calculate global poverty.

And written I went into the details
of that many many assumptions

many many god to calculate numbers

that are just the poverty lines but you
want to use the one dollar two dollars.

What is the one dollar for me.

How do you change.

How do you translate right
you have the clip to sing

what are you going to use for
different countries.

Some countries especially consumption

expenditure stuff and
then the income data.

So how are you going to get and sort
of the said OK let's go one by one and

look at different sensitivity
analysis of these you see if

we change one thing to another thing how
it's going to change the poverty measures.

So.

Among all the extensor lips that
we've been reporting to you.

Listen we've been the project that we put
in the paper this is a good lawyer but

right development.

Now.

That I think none of these
are authentic instruments awful but

they actually knew how sensitive these
estimates are going to be the moment

the moment you change once the assumption
and you'll see it just highlighted that

actually just giving us the person version
well temperature of population which is

under one dollar a day that
runs in less than one cent.

If you're looking at the assumptions
of this is bring you an idea

of how lest you should believe you
pick a number so that I'm not.

The global both because I have
the slightest member in the US.

Well in the US trying

to hear me out of indirect

didn't mention me in high school
recently launched as a substitute for

Human Development Index which
has been published by the ME and

they use to publish work that
you mention indexed by them.

I already know the office a little

more but using their income.

So I like mine

policy of children and so on.

So you had me looking at ten
years back there was a big debate

that we should be looking at something
especially in the US They started working

things and
there's a lot of that on the look big.

Experiment.

Of what.

We had of what this was
that there is a need.

Because here I'm the last of the need for

the much more but.

That experiment of already what we call.

A good.

Deprivation.

So very much work in progress.

Like the exercise.

On education and the.

Families of these are going to
change according to Wendy's.

To speak English is not
going to be a poverty.

Actually it's going to be you
have minimum primary education.

So it's going to change depending
on what you're going to

say that this is

the time that you have and

I'm looking at.

Well let's look

back a long time and

sort of like well as the surplus

because poverty is such a thing
that you can contextualize it.

You can but that knowledge and
lack of technology.

But there look on.

But it was.

So the U.S.
government just like we have let me

have a system or system medicine but
that's and so on.

That's one bill generalizing.

The already.

Has led me to segregationist question for
an assignation.

And how that has effect then is it
shouldn't also impact and so on public.

And try again.

For me to buy a defense.

Great I haven't yet had all incidents
of terrorism does it in my head.

It's a growing such red
political scientists

ordinations to me what

I first said that does it matter
whether the national security or not.

So all these out of
the possibility of such an idea.

I think stop all of this thanks for

your kind of a and.

It was

a

loss to

us and

he has to elicit

a child at the innocently

as a him and he.

Very hard.

I think first just to sort of
throughout your social media and

they are spread by fear.

I I think that's a fascinating
conundrum we don't

really know the role of social media.

I think robustly and the herbs and
it's an example where

there's a discourse success stories and
high in

this broad area and
this scholars need to have

media literacy try to come
through these records

the Twitter revolution as a as an example.

And similarly I would be
equally circumspect and

evaluating anything I would say about
the future because I think it would be

equally fraught if not more so
I don't that have a standing

I don't think there's anywhere where
social media is not having any impact.

Clearly we're talking and
I spoke of the role of social media and

political development and particular use
of elections or probably tyrants for

that matter but we know of plenty
of anecdotal evidence as to

the importance of social media
amongst narrow concerns this panel.

I think can speak to examples of.

That I was just there in the wrong.

With a journalist who's doing
a story on social media's

Brazilian political development and
we were.

Actually discussing quantitative
data that shows that

the broader the participation
of political actors and

certainly the better for instance there
are electoral out there elections.

So I guess I'm not answering the question
about to say I think on the one

hand the jury's out on many of those
things because we don't have to rebuff

research evidence on the other hand and
to shamelessly have both ways it's so

clear that there's such pride in
tech across some a domain areas and

I think that will just
continue into the next year's

growth curve around us.

So I'm

very very

very well certainly there
have been success stories and

failures in the living and
I think if it didn't.

Walang and inclusion plays an important
role in what that outcome might be so

you might be able to judge
a lot of how I mean certainly

partly facts are certainly related to
middle class groups but that wasn't for.

That story.

Well they say what makes
fed into leaks is the story

really it's very clear
to the World Cup and

the Olympics that it is rushing

to tax money and
only facilities that privatized

and that there really is enough
in some ways I'm surprised at

the amount of support in
places like Spain for getting

given that

it's a fine reason why the money.

Finally depends.

I mean my right

to spend somewhere.

I just pointed out you
have to find out what.

It's just more like he said

thing I did it for
the kind of work for discussing it.

It's what is not the traditional sources
of funding places like Georgia Tech.

So if most people here
federal US federal money runs

or deal with them funded through

sources in some places I've never
did anyone a target take before.

And so I think that that's both
challenging me an opportunity

the challenge is that there's
a lot of learning on the ground.

How do you gauge the kind of relief
alternative sources of funding

is especially in today's
realities of federal funny.

I think broadly Pete and the big city.

I get really to diversify sources and

so there is I think interest in kind
of the sort of we're never the last

one to reach to the foundations
by their allegiance to

other agencies the world UN agencies
that have been traditionally

funders because diversity right now
seems like a pretty good terms of

trade gets money to fly to Fiji.

I mean and I would say my money
then are either very right.

So relatively large of France.

Biology and
in some of this into a disciplinary woods.

You can find a spot of space
they can be very rewarding for

especially working people that
have a different perspective and

also opportunities for
finding the silly nine year old so

it's still for you.

I think for a sure thing.