So I mean the deeper research at
the college in this is our fourth and

final research form for the the year
we've had a great success in sort of

having this new format where what we want
to do is bring together researchers from

different parts of the college to to share
their work they're doing a common or

are overarching theme and the theme for
today is energy climate and

the built environment we have four
speakers they'll each speak for

about seven minutes and then we want
to leave time for discussion and

questions and answers and discussion
with the audience so we're trying to

very hard to leave time for that which is
why we're trying to get started on time so

I'll do a brief bio of each of our
speakers and then we will will start so

our first speaker is the current who
actually organized the panel for

this research form He's
the director of the Center for

spatial planning analytics
in the Allies ation and

a professor in the school sitting regional
planning to pass coeditor of The Journal

of planning education research I had
the privilege of being his coeditor of

with that journal for which he also
won earlier at the Chester we're

wrapping award for best article he was
awarded the marketer professorship

by the German National Science Foundation
in two thousand and seven to conduct

research in visualizing unstructured
data He's the author of three books and

over one hundred journal articles on
topics ranging from sustainable urban

systems to spatial planning analytics
to housing and transportation.

So our next speaker is Godfried are going
pro he's a full professor in the School

of Architecture and directed director of
the high performance building Lab He's

also the associate editor of
two scientific journals and

has published over two
hundred refereed papers and

several books he's been the advisor
of thirty five lucky Ph D.

dissertation students in air.

It is a building performance simulation
knowledge management building path ology

sustainability urban energy systems
uncertainty and risk analysis.

Perry Yang is an associate professor in
the school City Regional Planning and

as well as in architecture he is a joint
appointment and he's also the director of

the eco urban lab in the cholesterol
chair professor of you and P.

Institute at tone she University His
work focuses on promoting ecological and

the performance of cities through urban
design is won several international

competitions including the two thousand
and nine World Games park title.

And then substituting for
Professor Brian Stone is his Ph D.

student Evan Mellon who are grateful
that he can stand in for Brian so

this there from the school is a regional
planning and they're researching energy.

Issues for cities in the urban crime
climate lab Evan is also managing

the Georgia Tech climate network identical
action of temperature sensors spread

throughout Georgia Tech in the Atlanta
metro region to study experience microbes

to study various microclimates and
the greater Atlanta Urban Heat Island So

with that I will leave it for
Super Bowl to get a start.

Well good morning thank you all for
coming it's good to see you all.

This I believe is the time I'm coming
to speak at the forums for done my.

Fair share I hope.

That today we're going to
talk about energy climate and

the built environment and the reason for

the forum is not to present extensive
volumes of work that we're doing but

to trigger discussion and to trigger some
ideas that you can get involved in so

what you're going to see are just
vignettes of some of our work we were.

To keep them short about seven
to ten minutes at the most and

then we'll leave a lot of time for
discussion but you can ask us questions so

let's get started the big question that
I have been looking at and that and

I guess several of the other faculty
members will also talk about this this

how this structure has been
form mediate energy use and

greenhouse gas emissions so how we build
our cities how we build our buildings and

that map in terms of how much
energy they're going to demand and

and that's the is essence of the kind
of planning we do we want to plan so

that our cities energy efficient.

And the reason I have those icons at
the bottom is because these that drive

the main drive of energy use and
the first driver obviously is people and

that's the one that's
the hardest to model so

we remodel all kinds of
other drivers of energy but

human behavior is the part that gets
the most difficult to model and that has

the largest variation in terms of energy
use We'll talk a lot about buildings and

how much and
what are the effective factors

the tools by which we make buildings more
energy efficient of course transportation

is a big driver of energy urban
form talk about that a bit and then

climate of course matters in terms of how
much energy is used in the environment.

So all of the other questions that.

We want to talk about and
this is these are all open questions and

yet still have a thriving
literature on each one of those

dozen different patterns of development
lead to different demands for

energy so compact versus sprawl
development doesn't matter.

Our energy used in what we do energy
demands vary in the urban regions so

what are the areas that have higher
demands on energy than other areas

does compact urban growth lead to energy
savings so we have had a lot of discussion

about compact growth and the question has
been does it lead to energy saving and

there are two ways to that and we can
talk about that in a moment as well so.

As you can see.

The top pick here the big.

Umbrella issue in planning
has been compact cities and

apparently compact cities are supposed
to believe are all kinds of sustainable

benefits sustainability and
resilience benefits right and

this paper are compact cities
are desirable planning gold was

a highly cited paper in
Journal of American Planning.

Association first published
early one nine hundred ninety S.

and it was published together whip

this other paper which is called is
Los Angeles style sprawl desirable.

Which was written by Professor rejiggering
and this was a debate between whether

compact fifty's actually matter and that
debate is still continuing by the way.

So what is the current
conceptual model for this.

Form and that we develop so

when you have new construction obviously
that means that the density of that

area will change it will probably
become higher density and

there is a lot of literature which
suggests that if you have high density

then the travel energy is reduced because
people now travel shorter distances

between origins and destination and
therefore have a negative sign on V.M.P.

which means Reiko miles traveled so hired.

One city lower Vaiko miles traveled and
that also has an impact on energy use if

you are traveling less than you are using
less energy in your car's right but

when you change density you
also change the built form and

the build form can change in ways by which
you need different types of materials

that they used in the building so
instead of having wood

you might now need steel and
concrete to build high rise

structures right those are the highest
density structures now concrete and

steel are very energy
intensive materials so

going to higher density you may be
reducing transportation energy but

now you're using materials that are
sucking in a lot of energy to build and

me can construct.

OK so it also changes our land use bad.

And these materials used in construction
can change the micro climate which

Evan is going to talk about that is it
might also give us heat island effect

if you have higher temperatures in these
areas and given that you have heat island

effect in these high density density
environment you will need more heating.

More cooling which will
require more energy so

we have this kind of
balance between density and

sprawl So where does the boss
deficient urban form reside and

that's the driving area
of scholarship right now.

So what we have nor much more about is how
density impact energy and transportation.

And this is a very old
paper by a human and

the rich shows that you know
as urban density goes goes up.

Energy used in travel actually go down and
it's a very clear.

Graph as you can see Houston is on top
you know very low density very high

use of patrol per capita and then you
have Hong Kong at the other end but

then the question is is this pattern
more a function of density or

price and if you notice.

US cities are also cheaper
in terms of fuel so

you get very cheap fuel and
therefore they tend to use cars more so

this is another question that
is out there is it density or

is it price increase the price
of gas would Houston then

become more like Toronto or Brussels or
even Tokyo we don't know that right.

And there is some literature this is

another study which was also done by
Newman and Ken would be where they

were trying to suggest that how well
the city is does not really determine.

Energy use so.

So you have all these different debates
going on in the literature trying to

figure out how travel energy is
related to density and urban form.

And now I'm just going to show you some
vignettes of some of the work we have done

and I'm not going to explain all
the theory behind it and methods and

what I'm going to do with
show you some images and

let you formed or
on whether compact cities and

world areas have more energy use or
not so this is.

A research that we had conducted for
two years funded by the strap

Strategic Energy Institute where we looked
at energy use in commercial buildings

in residential areas and in transportation
and we combined them all together.

And this is the combined for
residential and travel energy and

you can see the areas that have red
areas that have high energy use for

residential and travel and
the green areas have low and

this gives you the pattern of
energy use in the metro area.

We did a similar study for Phoenix and

in Phoenix we actually didn't want you to
get no study over ten years Bierria and

the pattern is quite similar you
see the suburban areas red which is

higher energy use while the central areas
have low energy use a lot of publications

you're welcome to you know look
up our publications we've But.

If if I could only.

So this is a site which
has all our publications

all the cord that we use we have a lot of
cord that is on get to estimate energy use

we have some visualisation that you
can see and the publications so

you fleas go and check out this site it's
called geospatial Dot got tagged slash S.

for Strategic Energy Institute and
this will give you more

background on the research I'm talking
about so with that I'm going to stop and

we'll take some questions after
the panel it's completed and

I'm going to hand it over to fried bro.

OK.

OK You look we're sure.

This.

Well good morning everybody so my my
talk will be on how to build models for

urban and that you models and totally
focus in on the modeling perspective so

that means also that I
will be pretty academic.

As far as you can be
academic in seven minutes.

And show you some of the work that we've
done in constructing large scales models

so the first question you would ask is
Why are we doing that in the first place.

And here is the point we're not doing
it for energy efficiency if you want to

know how energy efficient a city is you
measure it we don't need models for

that although models are still helpful if
you want to make changes but I meant so

many different things happening in cities
in the energy supply in cities that other

things are becoming much more important
especially the distributed nature of how

we produce and consume energy and
that goes from the typical

suspects solar wind combined
heat power demand response and

of course energy efficiency interventions
gets even more interesting if you look at

how electric vehicles are going to play
an ever more important role in that

whole mix of energy consumers especially
when you talk about how did vehicle.

To house.

Communication will take place as well as
the vehicle to grid and it should be clear

that all of you sitting here that are
still driving a combustion car it may well

be that will be your last combustion car
ever because I think I believe the ones

that predict that by twenty twenty five
we will all drive electric vehicles and

imagine just what that will mean for
the total energy picture

in a city you're driving
possibly would a full battery

into the city which collectively
is a bigger energy provider.

Than any of the other
sources in the city so

then the question becomes how
do we make good use of that.

And so to transactive energy models
that are currently being considered

which totally quill create a new energy
economy are the ones that really drive

our research we want to be ready
with our models to to optimize that

future so make the right decisions now in
terms of where you invest your money and

what provisions you make for different.

Situations and then of course and
you see how it gets more and

more important and
energy efficiency kind of fades out and

is being replaced by resilience so
everything is not about.

How do we can become more
resilient locally supported and

how do we support that in with
the right decisions baking now and

energy co-ops and all of the community
based initiatives for that.

So all our models if they want to
be prepared for that situation.

Have to be nimble scalable.

Competition the efficient because you are
going to do some large scale optimization

so as a general picture this is what we
have to the left you see the traditional

energy producers.

With the grid and how we service and
are still and other consumers but

to the right you see how
we are slowly creating new.

Communities that have
their own way of arranging

the matching between what they consume and
what they produce in energy.

So the challenges for
that are really that we get we have to

capture the dynamics at the right level
of Hall all of these these components

work together we have to think
about how do we put a central or

maybe distributive component in
a city to manage all of that and

do that on almost like on
a minute to minute basis.

And then impart important ever increasing
more important part of that how do you map

whatever you are arranging in
the city in terms of new ways of

communicating and sharing energy resources

how do you translate that in
an energy in an economic model.

And you've all reading the books
about block chain and and

link to all the cryptocurrency hype that
that you're obviously aware of I guess.

Block chain has many uses and
I think one of

the major uses that I see talked
a lot about and where the leaders in

the field are already working on actual
solutions is of course Mark change.

So we're economically speaking we're
talking about how high the Menge anality

control problem that
we're trying to solve.

And but before we are going to
do to talk about how we solve

these models how we exercise with them
the first have to answer the question

well how do you create a model with.

So many buildings you know if you do it
on the city scale you have thousands and

thousands of buildings how easy will
it be to construct such a model and

then we are all on our wish list
can you make it simple competition

efficiently efficient and scalable to
scale ability is of course the big issue.

So quickly.

How do you instantiate
an urban model it is not that.

Automatic you know because
you can say I have.

Like Perry is going to show I guess for
the whole of Manhattan where we work

together on a project forty five thousand
buildings how do you get them into a model

so basically it's still one building
at a time then you look at how

buildings in vicinity do something to
each other in terms of shading and

microclimate factors then you model
all the other energy pursue MURS for

which we have enough components
available in in shareware so

we don't have to do too much work
on that then we hook it all up and

then we coast simulate the whole thing.

Easy enough but that's step one is
actually a nasty one how do you

get forty five thousand buildings
into a fool city model.

Well you start from the information
you have which is not a whole lot but

the best information resource.

And that's how we of course relate
to show versus work is the G.I.S..

There's not a lot in there but but but

something and it leaves a lot open so
you still don't know full.

The full range of data that you need to
model the building but you have to think

to start with then all the things that you
don't know just because it's not captured.

You have to somehow defaulted or make
an order good guess about that data and.

One of the things we worked a lot
on is how do you do that better

how do you make from that information
that you haven't a G.I.S.

What do you do to a command that
would order information and

come up with a whole city mall that
is representative of the reality.

And so the orange.

Additions here that you see is looks
actually very quite simple but

is one of the main things we have been
doing and getting a lot of headache about

so you look at whatever data
is there order available they.

Accept Yes maybe for some buildings
you have a full bin model for

other builders you know nothing except.

The total energy use in the year and

you do something magic dare to come up
with how the different parameters that you

don't know how they would vary and
we do that in a statistical sense and

then we randomize all that information
into the reduced order model for

each building separately the way we
do that is is some some secret sauce

that we have introduced in this
generating these large scale city models.

But for now you will do you will end
up with models that are not correct for

every individual building but
are pretty correct for the on sample and

that's usually what you want.

A little bit about well how do you you see
a lot of these studies done in the same

way that they use some clunky
High Fidelity model like energy plus and

if there's one thing that my students
know that we do not want to do is

follow that path because it's a highly
over engineer it not efficient and.

As I said highly clunky model.

So our.

Our other academic question was
can you use a simpler model.

Like a reduced or
the model which we call a P.C.

in our jargon energy
performance calculator.

Can you get away with that having
a really nimble model by using a P.C.

for each building at a time but
not suffer the consequences of this

simplification and so
we asked a very simple question.

Can you.

Use this reduced order model
without sacrificing accuracy and

so we asked the question.

And answered it in the following way
if we can show that the unknowns.

Introduced in the model because you
don't know that much about the buildings

if these are much larger than the
uncertainty caused by your model reduction

kind of course the answer is yes so
in general we don't say it B.C.

is OK and we usually do that with.

Statistical analysis is doing a lot
of magic there and then you see for

instance that that error with
the arrow coming from the model

is fairly minor compared to all
the other sensitivities that you have

in the model for all stemming from
things that you did not know so

if the model doesn't add much to
that why not use a simpler model.

And we are publishing papers about
that where we engage in long

ongoing discussion with people to
say why using such a over engineered

model when you when it only is amounts
to shooting yourself in the foot so

one of our students that is full
featured test on all the other available

modeling that it's and not surprisingly
he came card came up with the fact

that his own model has all these nice
check marks in all the features.

So he was one of the lucky
students that graduate.

Of course I think I have to go into really
overdrive mode I will skip this and

show you just a couple of overview
slides of things we did so

here you see once we have this model.

Creating all these buildings
creating their connectivity creating

comic to fifty to the other
prosumer in the whole urban setting

we of course can create either
a peer to peer controlled network or

come up with some gods I
super control agent and

both both methods are being deployed
in in India industry and here you see

how over the years since twenty twelfth
we have been working on this field and

every couple of years to comes
a student that finds a nice additional.

Deepening of the way we're modeling to
this one interesting thing there is

this one.

Developed a directed graph some of you
may may find that attractive where we've

developed a directed graph between
all the different components.

We applied that to Manhattan
we did it in a smart community

in California where the question
was How can you Where do you invest

in this community to make the best
use of all the resources you have.

You can look at the results in the season
as we did that to see how with

I've only thirty seconds necessary
how you push your actual energy used

to periods the red period is the period
where you do not want energy use so we

showed that with the right interventions
in this community you can have most

of your energy used in the period that
you can have it where it's much cheaper.

We did a resiliency study on
the Florida community what it

what it challenge was can we.

The bridge at a forty eight hour power
outage you all remember the pictures

from the Miami nursing home last year
were people were subjected to forty plus

Celsius for a couple of days so how do you
create a community where these critical.

Services can be bridged for
forty eight hours last light.

Just to show that it's also
been translated into simple

models that can be used by students
in class we asked who it is to do.

Something on Atlanta
communities where they manage

the how electric vehicles will be used
in the future just to create optimal.

Xchange an optimal resiliency
of certain Atlanta communities.

OK Thank you.

For the way is it.

For you.

To follow through presentation
a lot of talk about.

How we skated up from puting to city
again into how we design for that so

to do get that two different idea
one on the one hand urban design.

OK an energy performance.

There was a we poll we
learned from I.P.C.C.

interim government panel climate
change about urban energy

system talk about as it is possible
to fail to see the forest for

the tree it is possible to fail
the theory that did it for

the buildings and we have some
early attempt to do get there.

An energy issue from Georgia Tech years
ago we did a studio work to do that

energy mapping for
urban form and structure and

the world was exhibited in one hundred
years Centennial meeting at MIT for

American school of architecture with
similar med one square kilometer seven

City Manhattan seven Cisco Chicago
Tokyo Shanghai then Coover as and

so on to understand then city
distribution then you structure

energy consumption carbon emission
installed or again from the rooftop below

the approach we used was pretty simple
we tried to build there may be hundreds

even thousands of building within
that one square kilometer so

we can possibly model a few thousand and

we used to produce three
just highlight it.

To look at and
scare it up educate them to get on

the one hand energy consumption it on the
other hand so to gain an energy production

industry how far away are we from
net zero carbon emission and

we realized urban energy is far more than
the Asian individual building company so

that I have a chance to road this up to
write this article with energy engineer

editor in chief or apply energy and
we realize that we have entirely

different vocabulary between urban
design and a just system and

modeling we took a system from
different perspective engineered to get

optimization efficiency of
system urban design a dress

quality issue and
we recognize city our complex system but

it's more than designing energy
efficient machine like city so

we're going to get performance
in the FROM way into.

Tended to get high efficiency low cost.

Better performance but urban design and
looking to space are a form of city and

their linkage to heal human value and
purposes and

we see design entirely
in a different way for

example we do get more optimisation
of a system of energy service or

come figuration up component
system urbanization or

a different question about how mind
the current urban system be changes.

By proposing projecting or
turn it urban form and

building systems and
we have pretty much pretty scripted

you know as a designer we are sometimes
pretty term in synthesize and

compromised amounts they holder and
I like to highlight to question for

this panel number one context matter how
we scatter from building to city level

community level and the second
question how do we design for them so

when we try to skate it up as
free also mention what property

would emerge when we move from finest
get building system to broader

terror that we need to focus on the heat
transfer from indoor and outdoor and

local climate and
other relationship building systems and

we are also interested in how much energy
as the middle aged it can we achieve

when urban system in nature
how much Sunday wind

biomass can be acquired in cities and
so on so that article.

That we published jointly with my
students they've been trying to look at

energy in urban design
strategy Manhattan for

years the Manhattan got Sandy hurricane
and frogging issue two thousand.

Help in the event of Hurricane Sandy

there months traded in the billet
urban spaces structure to respond to.

An expected shocked by.

The flooding blackout and
other effects of the storm so

how do we turn herbalists form and
structure to be resilient when it was not

designed to be resilient a century ago
there was Manhattan greed there was

layout from early in the late nineteenth
century and early twentieth century.

And there was some idea about climate and

energy issue embedded in
that period of time for

example New York City has the first zoning
ordinance in one thousand seventeen.

Going to guideline
regulation one of them is.

That with the Roe versus building high
to ensure you get even television

the lighting in the context of
conjuration high density environment and

they still are very important today or
around the world seeing approaching high

they will use that ratio to make sure
that quality but we argue this in step

vision to understand the dynamic problem
so this dark of the free also mention.

The engine on shading micro climate and
occupancy scheduling

to understand the internal
process on the one hand which

urban puting energy use so
to again and to understand how much.

Beauty Energy can be serious the plight.

Renewable that lead to energy resilient
when there's a blackout issues and

I like to kind of conclude
by this second case very

quickly about design question how do
we design for urban energy systems that

is a proposition about how we
should move from design for sites.

Symphony by using analysis for
supporting these ideas to

hopefully desired side to see design is
a key variable in the modern process and

we have an example working with this
need to pursue who we desire near zero

energy this tree across ten square
kilometer territories that we have of this

process motto from physical
modeling performance model

to change model how to design for
them and understand their impact.

So we used that process model and
we realized it's

impossible to model such a complex setting
that a few kilometer wide parity so

we have this kind of problem simplify
problem to two to three variable for

example how do layout of urban green
from A to meter hundred twenty meter

two hundred forty meter you
have different block size and

different density and
how do you lay out your open space and

how do you concentrate your
density using parametric is that I

understand the implication out energy
comes sumption carbon emission and so

to again and that's so simple we couldn't
possibly use that to design a city

price though we come by to
pick up a pencil to draw and

to come with some concept
of the end to say

the centralization scenario
complex it is in there and

we think that proposition we can
operate parametric designed to

produce thousands of option to
measure the energy consumption so

let's don't lose more pieces of that and
we have other mother human experience

human come for
water that to be integrated by those like.

So that result problem about
designing urban scarcely.

The process motto do not lead to the
generation of high performance cities I

we need to integrate.

From system perspective and
the relationship between form making and

energy optimization is to be made and
we argue that these life face

how do we design for that remain to
be the most critical component as you

constitute that contrast interval
bourbon energy modeling process you.

Good morning everybody.

So I'll try to keep my talk
short sweet and local and

I tell you mostly about a project
that we're doing right here on campus

called the Georgia Tech climate network.

And we who this is auto advancing.

Let's let's not do that.

And see if this works so in the urban
climate lab or mostly looking at

the Urban Heat Island which you might be
familiar with it's often characterized as

this kind of blob of heat over the middle
of a city that's that's quite homogenously

and it's a result of built materials in
the urban environment soaking up the sun

warming up and then very slowly releasing
that heat through the day and night and

not only does that exacerbate extreme
urban temperatures during the daytime but

it keeps those high temperature
sustain through the night as well and

that caused a lot of problems for
public health.

But what we're finding is that this is
kind of an outdated idea of what the urban

heat island really looks like so not
only is it caused by built materials and

urban form and also anthropogenic
heat that is heat from humans so

to bring it back to energy we also find
that not only is the urban heat island

causing higher temperatures which means
more air conditioning is hubris said but

that air conditioning is also pumping
waste heat back into the urban environment

and studies show that can increase our
local temperatures as much as two degrees

so energy is a really important
component here as well but

we're finding that the city
doesn't really look like this

the urban heat island is not just one
block it's actually very specific to

small microclimates that are specific to
the build materials in the context in

which those microclimates might be
found and so that is what we study

in the Georgia Tech climate network right
here on campus I brought some props.

It was the one of these on campus

this is this is one of our sensors
that we have several of them out.

There now for calibration right now but
they're usually out there.

We're looking to analyze the thermal
environments of microclimates on.

Campus we it's operated by.

By myself and by the urban climate lab we
have forty four total sites only thirty

three of those are on campus but we have a
lever twelve they're deployed in the metro

area to study the greater urban heat
island in the Atlanta metro region so

the sensors that we're using measure
temperature and relative humidity above.

They're at two meter height that is human
scale and they have a seventy five days

of logging before we go out and
manually collect all the data ourselves.

And so this is a map this is a little bit
outdated we've added to this since this

map was created but this gives you
a general idea of the distribution that we

have in the types of microclimates
that we're looking into so

we have impervious surfaces vegetated
pathways paved pathways a couple rooftops

and some bridges that we're monitoring.

And so I'm going to show you some of
the results that we got from the summer of

two thousand and seventeen this is
June July and August the warm season.

This is showing summer urban heat island
intensity in maximum temperatures that is

the average daily maximum temperature
at each of these sites minus a control

site that we have far outside
the city in a rural area and

this is showing that the average daily
maximum can reach as high as about.

The way about seven degrees above
the real reference just on campus alone.

And a low of about one and a half to
Greece is showing about a five and

a half degree swing between our cooler
areas and our warmer areas just on

campus alone this is entirely within
the context of that kind of blob of

the Atlanta metro urban heat island join
that microclimates are quite significant

Now what I want to point out here is take
a look at the the fifth Street Bridge and

the tenth Street Bridge These
are two bridges that were monitoring

when we moved to minimum temperatures this
is a range of only two to four degrees

above the rule of reference we see quite
a difference in these two bridges and

that's because the face.

Bridge if you ever walked on is heavily
vegetated this creates an entirely

different microclimate even though they're
both bridges over the same highway

the vegetation has quite an effect.

And so this is an example of these
two bridges the tenth Street Bridge

image from Google Maps Now there's a sun
flare in this image to really bring that

image home as about seventy nine point
nine degrees on average over the summer.

The the green infrastructure that we
put into the fifth Street Bridge has

seventy eight point six
degrees on average and

that may not look like much but this is
average across the entire summer that

means routinely it is that much
cooler than the tenth Street Bridge.

Let me know another metric that
we like to look at is hot days

where we look at all ninety two days of
that summer and we count how many days

each site has a maximum temperature
above the ninetieth percentile for

the city of Atlanta so that means it's
hot even by Atlanta standards and

we're finding that summer we had a range
between seven and fifty six days

above that threshold temperature which
means that if you live in an area

that looks a lot like that on the bottom
right where it's heavily vegetated

as compared to one on the top right
that is very urban you're experiencing

a fundamentally different summer even
if you're living very close together.

And so the image on the left is of
course some of our volleyball courts

it's one of the hottest
places on campus but

it's entirely paved there's no vegetation
there's no canopy and that had fifty three

days above the threshold of the quad
ampitheater where we put a lot of

trees even in an urban canyon surrounded
by buildings but it's full of tree canopy

that had only seven days above the
threshold temperature So these this really

shows the influence of the microclimate
on how your summer really feels to you.

And so we took this is step further
to study the types of land cover

that contribute to the urban heat
island in these microclimates and so

using a dataset from the planning
space management and

our very own georgia tech tree
inventory we found the influence of.

Different land cover
types on temperature for

all of our sites within one hundred feet
and we found this is a table that shows

just the significant variables that came
out of the regression that we ran but this

is really just a snapshot of the urban
heat island we're seeing that the minimum

temperatures are being sustained by the
built environment streets sidewalks and

buildings and we're finding that
the average in the maximum temperature and

the hot days are all being influenced
much more strongly by tree canopy so

from a policy perspective as urban
planners we're starting to find that

the landscaping is really
not doing that much for

us but the canopy is doing quite a bit and
so we would then probably recommend

that as you're designing your sites you
should probably have a lot of trees.

So the Georgia Tech climate network
is continuing to develop over time.

We are currently working with smart
connected cities on a small grant.

We're trying to adapt wind sensor
capability that we can be measuring that

as well this is a picture of a prototype
wind sensor they're developing for us and

possibly connect them to wife I we're
also working with the U.S. Forest Service

to study the influence of particular
trees not just canopy to environments but

what do the trees really do for
us in the types and also we're focusing on

Georgia Tech is a living laboratory so
we're expanding our network every year and

we're really looking into public awareness
and education we're working on time.

So you're going to start seeing the
Science Show up that actually tell people

what these sensors are and what they do so

that the students can learn more about
what the microclimates are really doing on

campus thanks very much to check out
our website to follow up on this and

other projects and feel free to
email me with any further questions.

If you like.

You know.

Sampling.

So this is the time when
you get to us the question.

About any of the things that you have
seen or something that's related.

Yet.

She says it's.

Like.

This is.

This.

Was.

You know.

All right now let me read.

It.

He's been doing this longer
than anyone else they know.

So so that I can interpret the question
of what I do better now than I did

forty years ago.

I was definitely much smarter then.

Well you know if I relate
a question to my own field.

The whole idea that we don't
have to be smart grid.

We're now that can be you know morphed
into many different apologies for.

Energy transactions that wasn't
there forty years ago so

in my narrow area of how we
are evolving from work once was

a directly provided supervised way of so.

Plying energy to know in
a pro sharing community.

That is of course tremendous change and
our models have to reflect that and

so in that sense nothing of the work that
I my colleagues were doing forty years ago

actually is actually relevant to what we
have now it has been a total change and

if I can make one additional comment on
that which I had on the sly but in their.

Moving fast drill that I
was I of course didn't

tell half of what I was supposed to.

The connection between the electrical
engineering groups and

the type of research
that they are doing and

the work that we're doing doing in our
field on creating better models for

cities and edgy typologies in
cities that in itself is a very

interesting area which also didn't
exist ease didn't talk to us and

we didn't talk to ease because
we had nothing to talk about but

now when we are developing models and
eager eyes have to actually implement

them a very interesting interface
exists because they make the circuitry

that basically has to do what
our clever model stylus but

they don't run our models because they
don't have the computing power to do

that so I may call that great models OK so
they do very simple.

Mapping some of our models when they
actually have to implement it and that is

a very we do a big project with Oak Ridge
National Lab exactly on that topic so

I see I see no things from that period
appearing in my field only new things.

And I.

Like them right.

I mean.

I'm.

Human.

And.

OK.

So I think about the next.

Country.

I think is the next.

I just want to add one more thing.

As planners there was little
discussion of energy and

greenhouse gas emissions still about
the early one nine hundred ninety S.

when climate change came
into our vocabulary and

climate change actually instigated
a lot of collaboration lot of

multi-disciplinary research that led to
a lot of the models that we see now in

our in our literature in our journals
prior to early one nine hundred ninety S.

there were only very few sporadic
work scholarly work on energy and

the built environment in planning
literature but since then because of

climate change it's become you know
there's a profusion of literature on that.

I will add on the topic of models
that in there been climate lab we

use the models quite a bit for
scenario development and so

we kind of run these test scenarios to see
you how will a certain policy perform or

how could be expected to perform and I
will say I've been to a lot of conferences

full of people who are making tools for
planners.

And they don't talk to a single planner
in the developing process and so

it's something that I would like to
push in terms of how does this discourse

happen that we really should be having
these these kinds of forums like this

where we can really be talking back and
forth about what are your needs how can we

actually meet those needs and make sure
that the tools that are developing could

actually be reasonably run by a planner so
that's that's my two cents on that.

Right.

So this question is on how we're using
the data from the tech climate network to

influence planning at Georgia Tech and
so far.

I haven't seen too much
concretely get adopted.

But it is certainly influencing the types
of environment that we're trying to create

and so we're seeing a lot of
tree planting on campus and

we're helping to show just what
the impact is of those trees and so

we're trying to fit them in
more places where we can.

Now we have had a lot of these plantings
planned for a very long time and

planning can be a very slow process so
I have not yet

seen exactly how it will be used for
specific examples but

we do meet routinely with capital
planning a space management and

we share with them our findings and they
they're trying to use them where they can.

We are not collecting any but
Georgia Tech is and

so we're hoping to combine some of those
there's a project that might come together

in terms of measuring infiltration rates
on campus into their cisterns we might try

to use that as well to match up
with a green infrastructure.

So we're kind of chasing them at the
moment in terms of us trying to measure

what is already is part of the plans so
for example one of the hot spots on campus

is right there in the middle and some of
you may know that's a parking lot now but

will very soon be our eco commons so we're
excited to get some some nice before and

after data there in the same location and

we hope that would influence further
removal of parking lots in the future.

Last.

Word out for.

Me.

And then the question about campus life.

Can laugh about it because it
existed can we can modify that

a lot of variable we and is that right
there better be how did you know

there was this in the plan from
the beginning you know release date with

your existence and can we have the unity
of those variables from the beginning or

it is you know you don't know that your
detect is going to be having a presence.

And.

You.

Feel it in.

Your own Well you know your life you see.

Will be with the feeling legacy.

You can only say so.

The only.

Question is why you can place.

Your hand all of this.

Is there and there were.

Also you know you hear.

It you know because I think.

They might cause more and.

More.

Like this there's more loss.

There you.

See.

You but you're.

So good that's that's very important
an interesting observation

because it's such a tribe in debate in
the literature about the value of compact.

Cities and you've rightly pointed
out that existing environments

have to be taken into consideration and
what a lot of de

forward thinking planners are now
talking about are centric

cities that is you now have
sprawl development but

how do you make these
prong areas are more.

Centric in the sense that you bring in
more mixed use you bring in a little bit

more density and and
you connect them in ways

that transit can actually operate so

it's now becoming much more of a design
solution where you're allowing transit to

connect all these far flung areas which
are themselves getting more dense.

So that's the kind of design
solutions I'm seeing and

I'm sure Barry is also looking
at those kinds of solutions.

Richard yet have them and.

Usable.

For you and you want it.

I think is a question about you know.

The.

Criminal process.

Here.

Are.

Many.