I know pager since went from Rotterdam.

At ninety five.

OK You know you know when
you were you were in there.

Able to play and
you did your Ph D. finished.

Well really you finished
create fear at the barrel.

And.

And you work with I remember and.

You had as an architect you want me to say
that no he worked that you were in studio

and bever back I wanted to skip the next

few shows and now you're a professor
of urban design so the idea.

The idea of putting these people together
is really to get sort of across your all

the different scales of thinking this form
of materiality is as politics of mattering

so we had we had the idea is to have Jenny
on that sort of very small scale textile

and to mingle sort of crossing of all
through all the tech to through all

the scales thinking from kites and
and jogs to large scale systems and

all hundred of course being interested
in the city but of course building

massive very large buildings and
and create a tumor and

trying to apply this way of
thinking to urbanism which is

an incredibly interesting question because
if we think of urban is a mess and

much more as process and as all objects
of course are clearly object oriented

thinking in an architecture as
it is an easy quick thought but

in urban isn't it's just much more
about pattern and process and

infrastructure and movement and
in architecture itself.

I think that's why your position is so

interesting because you're one of
the few that things on that level.

Urbanism of course urbanism
has been diverted more and

more and
even more than architecture has diverted.

I think that that's a really into
interesting position you take and

because of your institute in the book.

I think it promised if you
like really interesting work.

It's a piece help me to
welcome Peter Truman.

Thanks last for for inviting me here.

And I for me to be reconnected
to some people haven't seen for

a long time like a hundred but also what
was interesting in this debate before that

I suddenly realized that the names like
really influence I came up you know and

I suddenly got a deja vue you know and

probably did as your
view is in a certain way.

It's the kind of model of which my very
strange curriculum meets my topic and.

When I showed this slide here.

You know it basically is the one that
follows me the most of it a couple of

years and it comes out because you know
since I'm trained as an architect and

basically coming from Austria believe me
there's no idea of other venues in there.

I moved suddenly strangely enough today
the Netherlands which told me that there

is only organism.

But I basically survived
by in principle playing.

Obeys related American theories and
so when I look at that image

there was never for me a politically
understanding of looking to the city.

Only its process is to try of its
formation and I was only interested

in designing the circumstances that
cities placed on what I could really

really interested is in the formation of
what is the architecture of knowledge.

Towards the production of this city and
how does this city

relate to the birth of the action of
architecture and so my man my talk today.

I want to give you today is basically
the evolvement of these two ideas

whereby the first one of my presentation
might be more people with their part.

What is the contribution
to architecture knowledge.

We've in this city or
did production of the city and

my second part of the talk is more or
less the kind of how the city

influences the idea of architecture
in order to produce the city and so

this idea goes around two themes
that I want to present you.

It's not only two themes
it also brought these

two themes that intrigued me one of them.

Let's say the idea here.

How can you real originate
an idea of the active matter.

Into urban design.

How do you do that.

How do you do this within urban design
relates basically to that first topic

you know of the.

The production of our actual
knowledge within the city and

the second one which I think has developed
with after the crisis after I'd changed

basically also my my education environment
that I became very interested in

the question of what is the idea
of the individuation or

the process of becoming an individual
object for the city and

as you can see both of
the terms that I want to

present you have been influenced by
a person called she'll bear some of the or

basically give to interesting
definitions so that answers.

One was a good big that I think a large
percentage very fantastically in

is beginning and I think I can only
repeated it with a question of the healer

morphic model of how can you rethink
that in a more for genetic form and

the other one which I think became very
interesting is how does architecture.

Evolved actually through the city and
becomes and takes own I don't.

Say being hampered empathetic but
how it converted more and

more parts from the city in order
to become a city in itself and

I think that's the stuff that I
want to show is new to me now.

So we go.

Well you know.

As I started consciously
into architecture.

There was this American theorists and

Sanford going to well everyone
knows him but he but he hit me.

When in ninety two I think there
came to this article called

landscape of change and
he showed very three images he showed.

What John is an Italian
food tourist printer and

he showed these three images
the state of the mind number one.

The State of the in mind.

Number two.

One is called the farewell the other
one is called those who go and

the other one is called
those who stayed and

the interesting thing is
when he showed his images.

He said Look architecture these
three paintings have nothing

to do with the representation of
three moments on a railway station.

He argued what actually Giovanni was
painting here was three stages of matter.

The first farewell scene is
a liquid stage of matter.

You know invincible.

What he wanted to argue is
that this scene takes on

a material circumstance of liquidity.

You know in which he expressed.

One of the farewell and the second one was
he said those who go basically turns into.

Gas a form of matter meaning that it is so

that what he paints here does
solves itself into an gas

signal a killer structure that actually
very braids and the stage of metal number

three Those who stay is
a solidified cation of the soul it.

You know that it basically.

It's painted there.

So but I became really interested in
even when this was my moment when

I entered the architectural discipline
in the real question became each time.

How can these thoughts be
originated in the urban design and

so when he what I think came close to it.

What came close to the understanding that.

Sanford brought there is and

I think that was basically very
interesting in the beginning of last

presentation is that he wanted to
stated matter is not just a thing.

What matter actually is.

It's actually nothing else
as an energy transfer.

And so he took this famous
quote from Henry perks and

ways as matter is just something
that constantly modifies

is change of tension and
energy and nothing else.

And so in that sense the question
became as a first part.

How can such an idea be
a real originated and

by every originating I mean
it's not about taking it and

making and understanding the city is just
Particles this move around the question is

really how can you really rigid idea
make it own to its own discipline and so

what I did first is I became interested
in a paintings of Perry Hall and

the reason why I showed it is because I
thought that could give an introduction

how I thought that idea could be
a religion that Perry Hall does

is a very fantastic Pindi Well they're not
really paintings what it actually are in

principle is he puts paint
between two classes.

And by pulling these classes
I don't need certain.

Movement or it is certain
strength to pay singly the paint

starts to form itself into
the different kind of configuration.

So what is interesting here is there is
not every will or a kind of idea good.

From the outside what you see is basically
a circumstance that could be described

by two kinds of environments one is
an intensive property which means

the really really physical entity
of the paint meaning its molecule

structure the way how did solidify the one
that you could measure the one that you.

That is I think the line this
is some nicely you know.

Metric Lihir no and the other one
basically is this intensive property

meaning the temperature of the planes
the pulling of the environment.

Space is the everything that
is normally measurable but

everything that is space
like temperature and so on.

So what is what became interesting when
I saw the spirit whole things I thought

well here.

There could be an understanding
of active matter

as something that we could described by
an intensive and extensive relationship.

So in a moment that I ask myself but

where is then the starting point for
that in urban design.

I think.

In the nineteenth century when it
is planned for both Alona I think

there was a moment where we could describe
were active matter might occur and

what he brings will Deedes said I He
didn't only made a plan with a grid and

then he pulled all these buildings in
there that he would calculate and so

on but what he actually did he described
the circumstances that actually tried for

that pattern and
what he did is he said what Urban is and

what the matter of urban ism might be or
it's my understanding of the matter of

urban ism is not the one that
physically describes the building or

is just what it is is really
these five paces of or read.

Jeems I would call them the drive or

that are the energy of the material
organisation and that is the data logic.

The link he calls it the data logic
good the legislative the administrators

the economical and the political base and

what he actually starts to say
however you think of my plan.

I guess it's an accommodation of these
forces did make that formation happening.

And so even when we win
formalised with only describe it.

You know as a figure ground entity.

If you look at it really it was a serial
circumstance of goal of understanding.

Suddenly something not that
represents something neither

is reduced to a particular form but
in inhales or

basically incorporates all the dynamics
in that time and he did not only did

even when he was known today as someone
who only gave statistics to the world.

He actually was really interested in
the dynamics of economy and so on.

So to show an example for them.

I think probably also to give you a brief.

Tour to some of the my
friends in the audience.

Thirty radio.

There was have to thank ye one
hundred time there was a moment where

I did enormous research at at the Bellagio
in the idea of how can I apply that to

Meek to a moment in time in history where
the question was really how architecture

can be thought of in the production
of the extension of the city.

So what I did mainly is basically I
looked in and this is an example for

the states and please don't think
that I want to educate you at all.

You know it was for me more an experience
to educate me you know understanding what

cities are where and how I went to this
fantastic place Phoenix Arizona and

what I'd what is recent where Bob is
really going on to the edge taking this

idea of Serdar and thinking what could
be a dynamic process of I had actual

knowledge that drives its formation and
so here I was and the funny thing is.

I mean don't ask me how I
could describe it to you but

anyhow I met a very interesting
guy somewhere around here on

the hundred seventy fifth
Street he was a farmer and

he said to me I think what you should know
in order to get a sense of this place is

come with me and he drove me out of
this road here into this countryside and

he had a paper with him and his paper
was approaches a map from his father.

And he said look I mean
you have to imagine

today in order to produce this city.

We don't just do you know make.

Let's say a square mile by a square mile.

What we do today is and this was
believe in two thousand and seven.

This was really before the crash.

Really it was basically we're doing
projects like this and these were.

Projects of the size of around
forty square miles as one idea.

And so he brought me out there and

he showed me this little little hill
in a mill in the desert in Iowa and

we sort it all these little post and
it says here we go.

You know we're building eighty two
thousand the residential units

in our mix park you know
we've been four miles.

East and West and ten miles north and
south and so the question first was how do

or how can we understand now the formation
of such a thing as an active matter.

So the first thing was from a clear.

I wanted to look into
the existing extensive properties

the measurements that might drive
something and so what I did research it is

of course one was clear that you
come very close to a live weed and

why you can close it because here is a
camp bill that is a logistic manufacturer.

He knew how to lay out
the manufacturing process or

the production of that houses but what was
more interesting is what I did the name

mix it Dr actually did that layout and
so I came across a very strange

paper of nine hundred twenty
nine that some of my research.

Just found there and that paper basically
was very close to the Hoover government.

How could residential housing be used for

the market to actually deliver or become
a property of money driven stablish meant

of a kind of new deal project and so the
first what I've what he found on the first

chapter planning residential district
there was is a dear given to Harvard.

To study formations of patterns of which
we could think of how to orchestrate

it and so there was this first idea there
was a bare programmatic distribution and

there was a kind of diagram of
how they could be laid out and

then three modes of infrastructure
distribution so here for

example single lane meaning one
infrastructure two buildings.

The question was How could that model
then be translated into a different kind

of organisational things I do
think actually Kelly easily who

gave me access to it to that kind
of knowledge the first time.

So here you see a kind of library idea or
organisation in circumstances.

Each time being brief.

Differently driven of the mode
of accessibility that could turn

into a kind of metric or understanding
of the region is of American.

Suburban knowledge here for
example the triple lane the coolest sock.

You know.

Then each of them where basically
carefully studied in terms of

economics and then the question
was will be its basic layout.

On which all the infrastructure
drives in so this.

So I knew knowledge occurred and then
we did geometry of subdivision of land.

How do you subdivided land
how how things go in and

that kind of subdivision of
land had another layer to it.

Meaning.

The layer of what manufacturing houses
then came to produce in different manners.

So.

Here is a summary and this was
a study by the Howard in that time

was that these neighborhoods
were thought in principle as.

Chana eating.

Geometric organizations on
the principles of how much

money goes into one land in order to
become reproduce and reproduce but time.

And as a rule I think it.

Afterwards in eighty three thirty eight.

It became been a kind of a rule and
that rule for

example about how do you build these
profitable neighborhoods turned out then

to be a question of how can you take each
land independently of its size its nature.

Instead arraign and
how to turn it into equalize similar logs.

That each of them have the same potential
perform the similar thing as well.

And so very nice here this is a bad in and
is good and

is bad and
is good because what is good is basically.

Similar to NAME IS THE of
similar entities to each

time can behave in the same manner in
order to be applied but a rule before.

But the only thing that could
work was of cause to arrays

the ground or do they consider the ground.

Basically as being a template and so

when I then was looking through Arizona I
was a strange story but my my we

had uncle suddenly moved in the seventy's
and I and so he invited me to his garden.

And I realized actually it
was really a funny cause.

Well be believe me he left again
you know I don't know why but

probably the hippie times were over for
him.

Because older Americans
moved to Arizona and

now what was interesting is that there
was this enormous they call a gene but

I didn't want to look at it from
a biological stand what I want to look at.

Today regimes are the eyes of Sara.

So one thing I became interested in which
is called had Donek price modeling.

So how do you.

Take a piece of land and

how do you have elevated by all
the properties that go into that.

So basically these became the turn to
look from the intensive properties of

the extensive properties the one that
basically are not anymore measurable but

they want to have a money.

So this was the first thing to look
in the land as a as a driver for

money then I looked into
geological formations

meaning how that soil conditions
could be influencing that mean.

And so here you see this very interesting
idea of in this bears in between.

Are the soils and why these souls are so
interesting because they each time have

a different model of the you know in the
ecological environment and that ecological

Bayamon would make would make each
point different valid in the other one.

So here we then looked into these chill
logical sections and they basically then

determined in brains a book various
kinds of ecological environments and

also each time different kind of
economical values of the ground.

So instantly and
then we thought as a research.

I mean it would be ridiculous
in order you propose here plan.

So what we what I want to do result
is similar to the Howard studies

to basically come up with
a prototypical idea how to apply it.

So what we did then we cut out a piece
of land we started to produce it.

Intensive environments but a different
kind of regulations of the tonic

price model we looked into radiation
aspects and other forms of of

intensive process extensive intensive
properties of the land and then we

dug a kind of housing ecology and look
what is the production of houses there.

How could read translate
dead into a kind of.

Housing type of out.

Basically firm a mass.

So we looked into really geometrical
funny stories how to reduce.

Radiation or how do you produce
ventilation came up with this.

Funky little thing here and
then basically dried

to produce it back into into
all these variation of.

Types that he had seen before and
so produced then

a kind of population you could say of
housing units that each time all different

of them to each them perform a different
value and each time could tain can that

can contain different things from a single
family house to a large shopping mall and

then applied them basically on that
intensive property of the deranged but

what it was actually was the idea
here is just took to see how

through the regimes of urbanization
how formation of architectural

envelopes in the famous for today but

environments could occur in relationship
to the intent of an extensive property.

In order to understand and
work it had also to do in a certain way.

To the linkage back to historical models.

That see the wilderness
as a driving force but

mainly it was an idea of the production of
architectural knowledge within the field

of design its critique and
as well as a summary of that was

basically it was a critique
on Italian fifty's that.

Did like the move authority who did
similar study who would argue there is

a relationship between the morphological
understanding of a territory and

its architecture but the idea was that
how I'd tried to explain it was but

the essence of a type.

And so there the whole season that time
was driven by the assumption that how can

you think in terms of populations and hear
famous quote finance Meyer you know in

order where you basically the population
is would never take that type a serious

but only the variation for them is a real
whereby the typologies would always take

the abstraction the one that is never
real is real and so in that sense.

There was an idea of how could you think

in terms of four police
as a population is so.

But then a strange face happened and
it was a face around two thousand and nine

two thousand and eight that I suddenly
realized that my argument collapsed in.

No one wanted to build great cities
in a more you know one square miles.

But then it looked gave me a chance
to the opportunity to ask myself

what is there but how does this city
actually influence architecture and

how can we speculate on a new form of
city and there were two colleagues out

that basically I wanted to operate
against with or between them.

You know or.

Outside.

No one was.

Of course but Rick who would argue that
in order to understand urban ism only can

understand it is similar as only as
a relational model year and Edward

relation model have a lack of formation
even when this image would argue but

it always would come back to one model of
the city and it was a city as a grid and

the other one is a colleague of mine I had
the one I worked with for a couple of them

and he produced or he reproduced or
reduced a CD It's just one other problem.

We need the problem of the circle and
wanted to reestablish a political argument

between in seven outs and so basically
one would say there is no formula but

it comes to formation it is
always looks like a great and

the other one would say there is
only one form and it is basically.

The circle the square.

But if you looked at the production
that this city was pretty.

Using them to weird things
happened to me one was

strange object occurred
called Billings and

I like like weird large buildings like
this one from Foster check again digs

circles you know I mean you imagine I
used to deal with that crap out there and

suddenly the comedy is these these
these huge thing that incorporated so.

So basically that idea that I always had
in hands that the city itself I think

three years in the Netherlands at the city
and call House of course the city itself

becomes a city was one thing but
the second thing is an illegal manner

building became the grounds for
new buildings.

I mean here is a famous example in China

where does a man just built
his a mountain for himself and

partner a floor here or
basically were literally the roof.

You know in a lake or be able to
sense was used as a as a new tape.

You know for
four buildings on the building and

they're probably my most interesting
example that a whole city.

You know we've we've streets you know.

Here you can see streets and
there is even as fog and vehicles.

Pulled on the ground of each other and
a kind of Westernized version is

this Hearst Tower Foster where literally
that tower was built in the next hour.

But was fascinating but
if you look at them.

Suddenly the buildings lost that
attended the what there are is buildings

the tower didn't work in in my style
because they had no entrance and

the building before who was actually
a building the floors didn't work

as a floor as it became something else and
so that idea.

I became very interesting
that suddenly demise be

looking into history of architecture
they would argue that this city had.

The architecture of buildings started to
change in take on parts of the city and

individual self or something else and so

what I did then I started
became interesting to ask my.

Self.
What is that process of

individuation meaning.

How did a building become
itself in relation to the city.

And what did the city or

the building take on from the city to
become something else that it was before.

And so
that work started actually when I was.

Of the last four years and so what I want
to show you now is a little bit of a kind

of second part is how that stage
of research looks like there.

So first what a look.

Did.
Is there that identified four

kind of cities and
I realized then in each that for

kind of cities historically speaking we
might understand that architecture turns

from something that should be a cement or
said an abstract thing.

Meaning something that is
doesn't have a real connection

to something else into
something that is called great.

And what he means by that is that and

I give he gives an example of
the multiply there is an individual or

means there's not an outside force only
to the two or to architecture itself but

I had in its pure form of necessity
might be understood as a data nickel

object that takes on other relationships
and incorporated in themselves and

and allow me to show you what how
I mean that if you look at this.

It is a circle.

I think many of us that might
have been your abuse so

it still looks like this is a circle.

But what you can see it is off
a deck chair isn't anonymous thing.

It doesn't really stand for itself.

It's imbedded we've been a larger
morphological entity and dangerous thing

thing is you also don't own it you don't
own need in relation to the ground.

What it is basically is you can only own
the building but you can will own the land

and in the same time it didn't really
occur as an individual as a building.

It was only a formation of a larger whole.

And I think I think.

I think not.

I think once called it.

There is no such a building.

It's only an end in numerous mass but
what it did.

Is it suddenly framed you know
what you call public space or

whatever but the interesting thing is
where the city of the great something

happened to architecture.

Suddenly became a became not only got a
site suddenly architecture gether the land

and work which means Isn't this the
culture of the subdivision of land me and

it means that architecture suddenly was
not any more autonomy was not only more.

Separated from the ground.

It basically become part
of the land of the ground.

So all the kind of proposal.

Either there in Manhattan or whatever
architecture suddenly became an individual

building in relationship to the property
of the land itself and I'm saying that is

because in the city of the archipelago
defer seeing what happened is architecture

detached itself from the immediate
surrounding it became a single entity but

what was even stronger to that is
internally it became subdivided

into different parts so basically
this is the healer's home argument or

the argument the building is not the thing
it's in this sampling of individual cells

but the exteriors which
looks actually as if it so

free floating was really rigidly paced
on the manufacturing process and so on.

So if you look at that development.

Even when it was based on that you
didn't own I did the building and

you didn't own the land.

If you look at it.

What happened with you in post-war and
or post war area.

It basically started that these kind
of individual building even took on

bubbling spaces and I think one of the
most famous example is Rossi idea where

basically within Rossi suddenly this
city became physically bit part.

For that corridor and so
my argument is that if you look.

At it from a diagrammatic point
of fuel the building became not

only a seed in the cells that it became an
aggregate object of individual cells but

incorporated even the bubbler ground.

You know and I think the famous example is
the elevated ground of the could be seeded

either they are in need of stuff and
I think you can be diploma you know or

so would my argument is there was more and

indeed we do Asian process happening
without the history of the city

where architectural objects took on more
and more parts of the city and became

a dad would post modernism would
call it the city is a solid and

what is it is a solid is and
I give you just a few example is war.

Suddenly the building or the architectural
object became an autonomous element.

Here of course in Holland's case floating
in the ground or a very interesting build

entity of money and both a loner and
autonomous enemy and that had nothing to

do with the city itself but incorporate
everything that the city needed.

And I think.

It became its high point for
example of example that is published but

only where literally not only the building
becomes like a hotel incorporates all

the things but what I discovered
if you could even literally walk

on to the building as
an extension of the city.

So when you reduce it to
the argument then I would say two

things have happen when other then should
turn to a relation of the city from an AND

THEN them as a mass to basically
a single individual object freestanding

you know and becoming its own entity but

if you look at that what that entity
can do it actually did two things.

It became a property in itself.

So every piece of building became
its own property as a land but

it also became the property off someone
else building and I think I always use

this Rockefeller Center where
basically one building is literally.

Above the other.

And so I think a interesting
summary of all of that is Holland's

diagram where he literally show how the
architecture building once just to get on

the ground elevated itself and
became the ground of the city and

the reason why am I going there because
I guess that there is a speculation

that I want to present to you that I think
there's a new diagram of the city which I

call a what individual object is
autonomy is it the one that I am but

one almost the same term meaning it's
an individual discrete entity incorporates

everything that the city has but
at the same time the big basically brew.

Becomes the ground for the next city.

And so the first time I call
the city the fifth city

this city is an aggregated object and
I thought I present it.

There were no one is listening to
you who is there any is be an hour.

And so here we go.

I think it was a call back or ask many
many people to do something on on moderate

Arab or what I mean it doesn't matter
it's any Europeans it is and why and

therefore they can take it as a Isn't
it literally example to show you

how to call work here for example it's.

But if you look at it.

From the kind of things I showed you.

You can still see the city as
a circle remnants of the city of

the circle the city of the grid and
the City of these archipelagos.

And what I propose then is the first
time kind of city as an as an aggregate

object and what you can see you did
see it is that the building itself.

Not only is a building it leaves really is
the ground of the building for the next.

And so speaking and

tried to represent it as a figure ground
diagram just in order to communicate.

So here you can see
basically that each time.

Any part of the building mostly here.

The roof could turn in the ground for
the for next one now the interesting

thing is there is no grid anymore does not
sit in a more of the only thing wood for

made that city.

Is a free floating architectural object
that each time can renegotiate its parts.

The next one.

Because I hear concede as
an overall through in a way here

there architectures and then a mismatch
how they recognize turns into a grade.

Where becomes its own ground
turns into an individual.

Object but
only incorporating housing here.

Turning into larger masses and
he had turning into free floating and

it is that each time
from form something else.

And so
just a no then I started kind of research

that I that were dear of the individual

discrete element in relationship to
a whole became part of that and so

what we did is we started to take anything

from buildings buildings that
are that historically have different

kind of sizes than different kind of
facades different kind of entities.

Different kind of volumes different kind
of parts that are produced within a city

and what we started to do is we started to

look into the inherent
formation as a whole and so.

And so we became interesting
how each of the buildings

could start to form something or

could perform something as
a city we analyze them with

analyze these moments of temporary
stability so moments were.

The things in itself
would hold as a city and

what each building them
turns basically and

provides the circumstances for
the next building to come.

It's a research that goes on and I hope.

We can the next couple of
years really formulated

similar that we did in
the in the first part.

And a kind of application of there and
this is a thing.

What I want to end with how
that could work within our

urban city is a research I call
the city as a part of architecture

that I think have developed
a couple of years.

And what it actually does is it
drives to dig a large cities of

the world that are based on the argument
that in order to do this it is to survive.

They need to have high density
locations of town towns and so

what we do is we reproduce basically one
this is a project we did recently in L.A.

where we started to argue that

in order to just basically in
densified a city on the city fabric.

How can you come up with
a model of the city as

a high density model of aggregation.

And so here for example there's one of the
city all these buildings belong to the to

reign did you can find their all these
facades are basically corporate facades

that inhabit it but they each time form
a new kind of buildings that haven't

been before there and its interior is each
time related to a different circumstance.

And I think in an urban fabric.

You see what its intent
intentionality is essential.

Now the is similar to dead wood
we know from a town down but

it becomes a kind of autonomous
element onto itself.

And you see one.

So in my life.

So what I wanted to show you today
just as a summary is in principle.

The idea that if we want
that if you want to

date something like an active matter or
architecture an active matter.

I became interested in the idea that.

There is a speculation
that that metal allows it.

Could turn or become anything we want and
what I wanted to show is

that architecture heading corporation
not only becomes a city but

it becomes something that more and
more autonomous that has free and

to deed to become really knighted in a
different manner and what I want to argue

that as a city is basically the dead
individuation could make you formations

of city and high density performances and
so I want to say thank you very much.