[00:00:00] >> Good morning everyone and welcome to scenic ambassadress where we know series and today we have Professor Rabbani g. from the u.s. just South Carolina speak to us and it's a pleasure to welcome him scenic Robin Our series is hosted by the scenic program which is it stands for Southeastern an attack on the infrastructure corridor which is a innocent funded program under national narrative knowledge infrastructure chordal And so what we'll do is today I want to present a video related to Seanie program and I hope you enjoyed that and after this radio I'll introduce our speaker for today thank you. 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Microanalysis out a little chemistry material testing laser micro machining and computation for more information on scenic facilities check out our website at scenic Ga Tech edu. Hope you enjoyed this video about Seanie program and I would like to give a little promote next week saw scenic ambassadors very not to be present by Dr Justin park from Knesset State University next week and next Thursday at 11 as usual he will speak on film transport and 3 need carbon and structures under mechanical deformation and so again it's a pleasure to welcome Dr so rabbanit ji from the University of South Carolina who will present today's very in our He's going to speak on biomimetic understanding to fabrication of artificial Basle a membrane Ledbury blood brain barrier microchip and sa devices Dr Ballard you received ph d. in engineering. [00:03:49] Mechanics and applied mathematics from the University of Arizona in 2005 Dr Ballard g. is currently an associate professor of mechanical engineering at the University of South Carolina before joining the University of South Carolina Dr Ballard you served as a senior research scientist and then Director of Product Development in excellent technologies during 2008 to 2011 Dr Ballard G.'s research is focused on ultrasonic And of course ticks waves while catering to multiple fields including ultrasonic wave based micro by medical device applications he serves in I dish in the editorial board of scientific reports published by nature Publishing Group International and on topics Journal International Journal of aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering Dr Ballard you also so as an advisory board member of the Journal of nondestructive valuation diagnostics and prognostics of engineering systems published by. [00:04:47] American Society of Mechanical Engineers and I mean shock Here's a new model of research and teaching I want such as you can back metal in 2010 Michael Mungo I want in 2017 and there are some is a champ person of the Year award like last year for his contribution to research and teaching and so with that said let's introduce Let's welcome Dr vanity. [00:05:12] Question to speak on this topic by magic understanding to have the occasion of artificial that allow membrane Greenberry microchip and so on devices talk about energy. Or introduction. So I will just start my present as and without taking much time so as you say that by mistake is a kind of a field where try to mimic the understanding from biological creatures biological organs components and things like that so we take the understanding from that and model and then fabricate certain devices for our enduring purposes so it's kind of a model based engineering platform so in this particular topic we're going to talk about Gardasil Bethlem are mostly that we'll call her the most of the talk but I will. [00:06:01] Slightly tragic based on this story devices that we are applying to blood brain barrier microbes Microchips are a microfluidic devices that has recently been into our work unfortunately because of the code we were not able to. Have because some of the things any delayed so I will just give an overview of it not much detail but with that let's start our talk so I have to give this from more slide from u.s.c. University of health care and we'll look at it in Columbia South Carolina very nicely look at or near the artery where you can see the junction of 3 words and the red. [00:06:40] Ball over there is a mechanical new department and we are active Gamecocks. I will give you a view before view of our lab our lab we call integrated material assets meant predictive simulate a laboratory primarily we do for 80 years of research and that's what we. We have Excel on today we are going to talk about the number 2 which is why memetics but other 3 areas I will just quickly give an overview of. [00:07:10] Primarily work on computers and remodeling and signal processing for in the which is non-defective Ellison structure health monitoring which is called structure is a champ in chalk so a lot of big data analytics and signal processing are required in this area to have in situ in the process and post processing these so. [00:07:31] That is one primary area of kind of varied and better for our laboratory about while doing so we cater to other areas we have a lot of Robert as we we developed to act and weak for a biological species is to understand mechanical landscape of different biological. Pathogens Also the cancer. [00:07:53] The shoes how the mechanical properties are tied are linked with their behaviors chemical and biological behaviors while doing so we realize that there are some certain options we recently last 3 or 4 years we are exploring by origami which is appling are using this biological behaviors into integrated with smart material such that they can be. [00:08:17] Tailored into our requirements so it's it's a new field pretty much very new field there are some dissent calls coming up with dark wine and do you your thinking our these projects and so we have done some work in this area to find how we can integrate mostly with the fungi fungal creatures are actually very much mechanical force dependent behavior they're more strict so that's what we are using those you know our in our study so we don't. [00:08:47] Describing March we are going to go to the 2nd topic of Army medics where we understand the biological creatures and their organs their mechanisms in terms of acrostics and ultrasonics on my area isn't going to any kind of or sticks with that we try to fabricate new materials we call metamaterials we also see with our we can harvest energy from this kind of structure in this kind of materials are mimic the behavior of this. [00:09:13] All of these organs and devices so I would like to acknowledge all my sponsored It's a great. Breadth of sponsors that I have I was lucky to and lucky enough to get the sponsorship from them to work on this several 80 years of research but as I said my primary burden buttering the topic one Indian s.h.m.. [00:09:37] These are my students and hang them for. Helping us to grow this lab from the from the scratch and some of those winds were. Penned up in the spotlight in the department I was not going to this money detail these are some awards that I deceived I think Paul arguments and with that i Map steam is acrostics and ultrasonic as you can see this ultrasonic center caustic is our central theme and we can tailor to inuring and biomedical application to n b s h a mature characters and say very established bunch but which where we also can contribute new understanding in northern Iraq of Sonic's quantity in the composites and because of diagnostics and programs to stop materials using ultrasonics And of course takes while doing so we can explore this broad very energy scavenging using different actual mathematical models. [00:10:29] We were able to do the hardest things from the materials several of the work a lot of pioneers have there in this area I think Georgia Tech you have a lot of Irenaeus also Michigan University of Michigan they have but other than these 200 years my research can be applied to biomedical and also the pathogen in cancer research and by medical aid we can mimic some effect and as I said certain organs and virus because creatures that there are some organs behaviors we can help us to design some new sensors and have bickered them. [00:11:05] Part of our mechanical engineering so micro mechanical in getting systems. One of these devices actually younger talk about today's artificial battle and and primarily we use it for we thought of using it for. Human and robot interaction because right now we are now a days we we do not have good interaction with the robots and human because it is not able to listen properly because this who'd listen only to the microphones to the cochlear is something that is inside our ear every human being every person that can listen now the frequency band that we hear is between 20 hard to 20 kill her child but there are other frequencies when we cannot hear anything beyond going to kill heard recall them ultra sound like back they can hear but which is in the country started for the high school had to arrange we can use this ultrasound all the way to make a hurricane gigahertz range we do use for our in the. [00:12:03] Hard to get a clue as to make her even infrasound is appointed below 20 heart infrasound it also can be hard or. And be used by elephants and the bigger. Creatures in this ward Unfortunately when we see some kids with autism we found whether it is genetically or examine Candy Crowley part of the not at this copier that they can they are able to hear a wider band of some sound which is below 20 heart and about particular heart so it's a wider with and which was very noisy for them sometimes when our brain cannot really perceive or cannot. [00:12:44] Be become healthy if the frequencies goes below 20 highs it is the case for autism and that's why sometimes they are troubled. Is it possible to filter those frequencies for them to through a device or not so I can resell Bethlem and create such or such opportunities what we see that when the audio signal comes through this through our year a process by the copier and it gives me as funny Granger frequencies 20120. [00:13:11] It was how does is there is a vascular member inside the copier and there is an attic fan and there is the basement where Sandy is a smaller and the attic says the higher with the length of the bachelor member in these 3540 millimeter and it is rolled up inside the copier when it is under or you can see like this it's more like a piano it's actually a special discrete Eisen of different frequency that can be sensed using this basil or membrane when how to sense when the sound is passing through this vessel or member in a very specific area it resonates with the bachelor member and when it's race when it's this here cell get deflected and by balancing the sodium and potassium ions I'm not going to go through that specific chemical processes but with the surveillance of sodium and sodium and potassium and that they can send a signal what frequency has been sensed So that goes to the human brain and that process and that we see recognize the speech and that is the primary process now this whole bafflement effect if can be mimic it can be understood how it works then we will possibly we can design certain devices that could help us we can devise to create a device that far different frequency range and even in the ultrasound even in the infrasound. [00:14:28] Like dogs they hear different frequencies can we use those understanding from them with some processing or can be impaired them in certain frequencies that they would not be hearing so there are a lot of opportunities in this area because a mechanism of how these almost across the with the same is just the frequency ranges we have lent. [00:14:50] To these these things changes the understanding of where progress and we can utilize this understanding. Now when we talk about Bethlehem and this is totally all not new faster to appear in 998 Democrats paper. And there was a fierce bone structure that was used but there is a very big device and there's some understanding taken from there and later people apply to manufacturing several other Remember devices but the problem we found that there is a what people are designing is actually. [00:15:26] Designed just to just take the device they just take them as a member in time and sense and put some electrodes and and try to understand experimentally but if you want to design a whole range of frequencies and open up more opportunities we need to have a predictive model which is basically missing as our lab mostly focused on model based engineering we've passed through the predictive simulations we propose that we develop a model then select the design space and what we want to do with this vessel remember and then design optimize and do the parameters election and then the final design once the final design is ready then we can do that have because some fantastic. [00:16:09] We used this whole full lifecycle of this process to do that we developed this predictive model very flexible that can be. Can it has an x. and y. down and some flexibility for the thickness density Parsons' ratio and things like that this is a typical battle a membrane with both sides lead and the pressure comes from both from the top and this is a big question around to go and discuss those things but we have solved we can solve those equations to find out. [00:16:38] What frequency ranges we should use now I will go through the design process in quickly but before that we've had to verify that our model is accurate so what we did with. We did the same similar things in console multi physics and we verify our model is very close to the if your model however our model is much much faster almost 3 times faster than the console model and these are some are very frequencies where we compared our responses from both a model analytical model and we can once you confirm that this frequencies can be sensed at different special look at as you can see on the video different frequencies are sensed with the highest peak at different location on the bestseller membrane so once we can actually is that then we said Ok how do we design this best memory with a tailored and targeted frequency and that's why we come to this slide here as you can see how these different frequency travels in the in the Bachelor memory and lent the effects Lent and this it picks up at certain frequency it travels for certain in the back where the accent and all the tailgating words remains at the back and they do not respond to the here cells but only the peak one is picked up by the hair cells and can be sent to the same thing we could do in our mimic or artificial as a membrane using smart meters now when we see that this particular range of frequencies can be used let's say we can get a 4.5 to 5.5 kilohertz but in the example where we did it for different frequency and. [00:18:08] We can plot all this bunch of cards together and we select that particular range that Ok this is the length of the design that we have to use in our model and this is the diamonds and that we can in specifically find it out with that we test Ok we will broaden this frequency range between 3 kilohertz to 8 hurt and we all this response from an ethical numerical best model we we designed this down time and sensitiveness density Parsons ratio land base rate base is the and the smallest with as I said and that x. is direct there with so with that we we found that these. [00:18:46] Frequencies responded at different lengths along the length of the bezel membrane and typical behavior device we look like this and now we'll go for Fabregas and after we design and pick up our diamonds and enormity of. Activism best women. One way of using this a preview p.d.f. membrane p.d.f. is very flexible here we according to our design we found that it's 45 micron is required so we use of 45 micron. [00:19:17] P.d.f. manufactured here in our laboratory and then we use the 5000020 millimeter we cut it into a place the. P.d.f. manufacturing process for the p.d.f. we collaborate with the Georgia Southern we are not going to go into very detail of it but this p.d.f. membrane can be electro spinning method we can be fabricated but that is not the target about we let's go into the next step we created the saddo mask to deposit daily codes next we align the p.d.f. membrane with ours had a mask and then left after the literal reading of course and then we. [00:19:53] Then turn Explorer in your cynic center of operation we we deposited this electrodes on this material once we get this deposited we have a member and with a leopard's but we cannot test it unless we have substrate like a. Like our copier so what we created a similar food channels. [00:20:13] In the is using a soft little graph here we created this channels with 3 d. printed them and poured the p.d.s. one mate in the c.e.o. and we take it out and we created lizard grooves into it such that we can our electrodes can be aligned so after that process is done. [00:20:33] In the 1st step we created the electrodes only to see with a reality bill to do it and we deposited the electrodes we connected with all the electrodes together and our device was ready for testing so our next of hearts and actually we are we supposed to make it in in February or March about after Coheed we were not able to make it and hopefully in coming months we will be able to make that leap to our target is to make $360.00 electrodes on the same length so such that our frequency does lose and increases. [00:21:08] Now we went for testing so this is a v. the call echo story left yesterday in a mix of habits and exciter that says Custom made experimental device that we have created in our laboratory and we can we have 3 speakers in 3 different directions x. y. and z. also we have 3 vibrations excite us in 3 different directions so using that course to have this and secure scenarios can be simulated However in this particular case we just use only the echo sticks with using the speaker and we created 84 d.b. sound press a level with the different frequencies between 3 kilohertz to 8 kilo which And there is a dac system that we developed connect with I'm not going to go through that electronic design but connected with this. [00:21:54] As you can see here these electrodes were connected with this electronic device that is a digital to analog converter and the. Process then and post-process them and found voltage response from. From this electrodes begin to collapse particularly So these are just sample. Voltage output I have phone here but. [00:22:18] I do police and separate is coming out very soon where we have all the responses from all the 40 electrodes but as I said these responses could be much more tighter much more tighter in the sense in the same frequency they can if you can put 300 or 400 electrodes which would be very tedious that sound. [00:22:40] Tedious in the sense to put people hitting the electrodes and making the channels is very tedious work of course that our next step once we make it our band of response will be much much tighter. And other options and other opportunities that we can do this using our next proposal using the hybrid approach hybrid approach in the sense here if. [00:23:02] If you see a copy as the bathroom is had the copier it is not just a membrane that's a membrane is actually composed of a membrane it's a cellulose but also there are a lot of tigers in it and those hybrids are actually very localized high amplitude give or. [00:23:19] Component Now if you can a think in the same direction and mimic that scenario we can think of a membrane with some electrodes like an beam we can have $2.00 and $1.00 to be more we can have a cantilever being the sponsors for different frequencies as they progress now we can integrate these 2 concepts together and that's what we have made this model where this vascular member although the diamond sense is not properly visible we haven't apic from the bass side by side with a different time and since and with these different times and we also have the electrodes in a chart fastened just as in the sense the frequency response is for the lower frequencies as you can see caustic frequencies are actually in a logarithmic scale so hard to kill hard so when goes to kill her extend should be more finely the lacrosse and more highly spaced and we have designed that with a better medical model and we place that whole vascular membrane inside the D.M.'s and now once the president really n.-s. we place the top side is the scale of this to be really and the skeleton for any We can simulate that will be trapped trapping this whole battle a membrane inside now once the whole roll is made with a different diamonds and then it can be pulled up to make it a spiral perfect copy set up and those electrodes can be connected to processes that this whole device that you can see right now it's cool to totally mimic the copier in here. [00:24:51] Now. That's where we kind of stopped in charity and March we did not profit for that and hopefully once you're sending. Facility will open it is open right now my students as we are also in a travel restriction my students will be going soon once it is done then we will be possibly. [00:25:12] Fabricating and and testing these devices very short but this is the concept that we have present so far. Next topic I'm going to discuss I don't know how much and how good I'm doing with the time but I will quickly go on the surface echoes of devices and again as I said our laboratory is mostly. [00:25:33] Focused on a cost a kind of tonic where we we understand the way progress and very well so we are we utilize a piece related material to propagate the waves using the electrodes are designed properly designed electrodes predictively most of the top use and so far you can see in your research domain in the back any color biological sensing chemical sensing you can use for gas sensing microfluidics whatever. [00:25:59] Application that you have I have to make people be boiled down to several parent meters that we measure either must change either density change or the village to change lasting or less change changing conductivity or temperature or place or those are the things others of the 7 experimenters we can measure using the saw sensing devices how it works is basically the substrate in a piece of electric substrate to give the lip a goal to get creates a way but it vibrates but that vibrates can be very predictably managed and this idea as you can see here the blue and red ones these are actually different qualities one extends one compress once this extends out and compress and happens between these 2 electrodes that creates a tense and compress and waves and that progress through the substrate Now how that wave that is generated on the surface of this purity divide how with that you can tailor to some other areas of the layers by leaking this wave into some other substrate are not that is. [00:27:01] The design part that comes based on the requirements you can have a fluid layer on top of it you can have a solid layer on top of it you can have other measurements or you can have a biological team feel many many other possibilities that there but what we understood from the research has been done there are several political one. [00:27:21] The bulk material as I I'm not going to go to this chart but it is for reference here because this is recorded so people can read for later so there are a lot of different materials like why it's. Not there to play previously in lead Zachary p.c.p. barium tried it and it does a bulk material piece a little bit of their properties can be. [00:27:41] Tailored very different types of cuts and we can either generate a sear where we can generate long regional waves and use them in 2 particular applications that we need those materials are different materials like zinc oxide gallium nitride Eleanor night and I tell you my friend I can be deposited in. [00:28:00] On the material substrate and that can also act as appears electric substrate where we can put the electrodes and can be. As hard as can be made and that's what we are going in this direction to make some barbarian devices I'm going to talk about in soon but in saw devices what are the different waves that we see as the mostly the rallies that will be something that will propagate on the surface but indicates with the amplitude but see how the wave is a sea of horizontal waves. [00:28:28] And it can be. Leaked into a team's Khalid lair because Hollis serious cannot survive like a relevation when he is. Digging way but I'm pretty digging where possible in the intelligence which is typically called lovely but the amplitude is digging in the stick subject now you can think of creating this lovely by putting a physical layer on top of a selective substrate and create the log there if you used as the cart. [00:28:56] Acts like a wonder going to the next guy can't let him know I was so different possibility that they're using the. Device possibly that they're using the is very thick matures to create different types of weights there are possibly objecting lamb waves stone leeway we have it takes hold sub certain things solid substrate where the way then is the way they're couple and then you can create a stone leeway and you have a flick to clear with a solidly and then you can think of this is a biological cell culture medium where you can also propagate away was faulty wave so this. [00:29:29] All these possibilities can be explored using saw devices which has not been explored all together some of them higher mostly love and without exploding but when we design the electrodes in the on the substrate that is where the most crucial part comes in where we need is the frequency of x. ideas and of course you need to know the diamonds and the size of the material that you are using biological cells right so that you know that particular lender where frequency you need based on the Web And so if you know the Web and you can calculate on the subject 1st if you can calculate a frequency or if you know the frequency you know that's faster to have in a city then you can calculate the wavelength all the little designs are based on the lambda that is the wave length once you know this lambda you can create your new different types of design there are a lot of designs are possible it is just a few examples you can imagine lot of different possibilities scientifically model it with mathematical models and you can create. [00:30:28] Different innovative design of this electrodes what we personally you know our lab are looking into this particular. Chart type of a way because we want the broadband ultrasonic wave to be generated for bad year and still like creating some localized Sybase and so we create a chart type of things where you can change your lambda across the length of the electrodes and once you've placed on the electrodes on the substrate you can generate different types of frequencies you can also you create the i.d.p. circular spot type of things which can focus your sound to in its particular location that could be help to tailor or are part of certain brain certain certain membranes or you can move certain cells or you can also used for harvesting energies locally in that very local sense it with very low amount of energy but it could be possible. [00:31:22] So. How we're going to apply this I'm not going to go there into the very day big detail because those are actually some of the patent pending applications so we have. We are using mostly the chap signals I will give you a brief overview of blood brain barrier basically it is there to protect us protect us from protects our central nervous system from harmful molecules and pathogens in our blood basically say it's a junction between the interior cell which prevailed and the complex highly junks and in the letters which prevent the transport of the bigger molecules now sometimes this protection called so cause trouble because we have to induce some medicine inside the brain which is sometimes does not go like some only cause maybe $150.00 killer Delton and that cannot penetrate sometimes chemotherapy does not work on that case so blood brain barrier are actually designed for benefit us but once it is disrupted it caused some neurodegenerative diseases and strokeplay injuries but also sometimes we need to partner up locally says that some molecules or maybe medicines can be injected or induced So currently a lot of microfluidics blood brain barrier devices are used mostly to study molecule or exchange for drugs rapid development and they also understand the blood their integrity in nude or degenerative diseases but we are propose we propose that we are working with currently with the biology department of biology décor here at u.s.c.. [00:32:57] They have microphones they have been using microfluidics devices but we are planning to integrate these caustics based like really devices where we many Clint Abadi are using the echoes the vibrations echoes to call to sound frequencies. By the way the acrostics is actually the range of frequencies that can be a cause to can be it can be audible in a frequency or can mean infrasound so acrostics acrostics is actually only the audible frequency range that we call our so ultrasonics range of frequency from Echo sticks we will be using for blood when artificial develops an obvious blood brain barrier as you can see this if you can create some kind of a disaster and that was possible to have molecules to penetrate in that would help to have some drugs going into the brain or it can also test how this is absent cause in the disease now current state of the art is mostly that you have a area of cells where you have access. [00:33:57] To the whole cell body a new very physically main cell body of the neurons and then you have the axons this very long axons. They are totally in a different chemical environment in our bodies so we need to clear this chamber sub different chemical segment essence especially distinct chambers we have to create between the accidents and that then right and there are a tendency in active behaviors so syntactic chambers are also very important part in the study now synaptic chamber with or without vibrations behavior is totally We found that to reach a totally different now how it caused. [00:34:38] The interaction between the different neurons is mostly and not understood I will give an example let's say if you have a nervous injury in your near your leg I knew now the injury near your central nervous into your back the new one will generate automatically in your leg there is no problem but if you have an injury in your back and in the central nervous system new one does not grow but the same Iran same species same genetic code but it does not grow in an environment which is. [00:35:09] The. Central Nervous System What is the that means is a mechanical environment is causing some changes over there that is not helping you to grow so is that possible to change that mechanical when we see no this mechanical environment Now those can be replicated in a lab and lab means lab on chips to find out where that this environment's can be part of changed and that's where we come into the picture to facilitate this activity all these actions of this blood brain barrier and activity will drag in future by partner being this blood brain barrier. [00:35:41] We have proposed some devices we have not manufactured all the way there are some proprietary information I do not want to disclose but we have we have saw devices and we intentionally omitted some of the details of Chuck's signal before devices we integrated with this microfluidic generals who had specific early days are for like this particular. [00:36:04] Microfluidics channels are created for extra sites and also for human cells that will go in and they will exchange the information through the speedy membrane now that p.t. member naturally that process is different than when we create a localized vibration of the data based on the diamonds and of the cells that are accumulated in different sites now if we can create that those frequencies does based on the design we can create that certain frequencies where that that part of the basin will help in my glisten order to prevent the magnets in our to the grid create some other alternative paths for Migration those things are kind of on most it's a totally unknown real Mav of this study in the newly united diseases or modeling them in a lab and understand them and that will help to of course discover new medicines new processes maybe we understand better how Alzheimer's disease is work or can we develop some cure for for it so an other microfluidic channels to. [00:37:06] Propose that we can have a cell body of neurons here in this chamber as you call it is there a negative mass can basically can put up with a D.M.'s to create these channels and other. Smaller compartments for eggs and to grow and and interact with other actions on the other side and that's where we on us while we propose to integrate people as it does hardwired sleep easily pick a member and who will be positive with the electrodes and create a local partner person selectively 4 different dogs and 2 to 2 part of the information exchange if that those exchange can be many people are dead or the. [00:37:41] It has a positive or negative effect could be understood with this blood brain barrier so far microfluidics applications are very limited It has not been done much work but. In my belief that we are opening up with the caustic side of the sonic application in this microfluidic devices for blood brain barrier only again can help us and save a lot of lives in this particular area where newer didgeridoo disease people get affected so it's a long term goal of course but we have made a baby steps at some with some understanding and we will go forward with this direction of research. [00:38:21] And of course we look forward to our funding options and thank you Senate for helping us in Mecca lies in our concept and not by blood beliefs so this is our last flight I will take. The call from said Albert Einstein saying that explored our non-sweet curiosity and imagination so with that I will close my lecture and thank you for listening I will take some questions right now thank you very much. [00:38:49] Thank Dr Barry photos wonderful presentation. We have already really thank you for. Sending your work this is the time to question this question here. I mean one of the questions I don't see any specific questions but one of the question I have Dr manageress how far. This development is towards commercialization I mean you know how to when this could go from then straight to bed state for example. [00:39:44] And you know there's all about so this is great presentation I think lots of progress is going on in that research. But you know do you have plans later today or are you already working on industry projects or something that can do the job of that to better try and. [00:40:04] Making that happen so. From there to aspect one is a little battle of him and as I said we are in a very preliminary stage I don't think it's been at this moment of course a lesson but definitely next 2 to 3 years or 5 years time once we have this device ready it can be mass produced to see We've had 35 with that one but on the other hand a blood brain barrier devices like microfluidics they are already people are selling microfluidic devices with not we saw integrated one but once we understood that how to actually how we can integrate that could be a very fast trying to run time for the market to go in. [00:40:49] I see great thanks again for. That answer and since going to no questions I'm elected also take this opportunity to thank you for presenting your work house we want to thank you before moderating this let me not and. My game meet next Thursday after 11 for our final scene again Masters where we are very few suggestions far from an association with that city. [00:41:19] And let's have a wonderful day and you know how great it thank you for participating Let's thank a doctor around you one more time. Thank you.