In today's big with a little bit off

the path of our circle this
is where they raise the.

Budget I have to run with.

Years to remember she
was constantly asking

you these materials
engineering program do.

You use currently a material research
engineer with the U.S. forest service or

product laboratory he has.

Six years overdue and
Joseph was the manager there and

now he's got a five year.

Day here in georgia tech works and
he's a real science and engineering and

also a member of the renewable.

So.

You know so it was you know the trees.

Are good thank you very much.

Thank you very much for give me this
opportunity to share with you some of

the really kind of excites me and
this is a band what I've been doing for

the last seven years about it's hard
to believe it's been that long but

it's really on there the idea of doing
nano scale science and engineering.

Based particles and as point out I have.

You know I wear multiple hats and

it's kind of nice so
I've learned how to be quite flexible and

going from traditional metallurgy from
metals and ceramics and going to a natural

system I quickly realised how important it
is to be flexible because there's nothing.

More challenging than dealing with it or
a secrecies of natural systems so

I learned quite a bit by going over to the
dark side so to speak of natural materials

but I've enjoyed it I've learned quite
a bit and what I'm going to do it in

a share with you kind of from a fifty
thousand foot perspective on some

of the exciting research that's going on
with these silos based nanomaterials and

maybe some of the implications of
what there might be useful for.

So to begin with.

Again these parts we're talking about are
on the nano scale we have a scale marker

here that's about to order nanometers
you can see that in relation

to some the particles that you see here
the rod like shaped to see the diameters

are definitely worse than the hand of
animators which is one of the definitions

for scale particle the lengths can be
fifty two hundred fifty nine meters

in length but these are the materials that
were extracted from a further refining of

pulp which is used to make paper just
by doing that a simple add on to

a given process that we use today all the
time being good nano particles they give

us some new functionality and that's
what I want to share with you today.

Now many people here actually deal
with nanotechnology research probably

the majority as ever to
get a sense of size scale

when I was hopeless when I started.

By what I did was I wanted to relate to
something that I actually knew about which

was like a hair they were going to damage
your hair is about fifty microns This is

C M image they stole from the website
somewhere reference up on top of the idea

that the C M image of a of a hair scale
marker here is fifty microns that for

Intuit to have nature that's what the
finest structure that we as humans kind of

really interact with we see it all the
time all this little red dot that's over

here is about two hundred nanometers So
that's about the length of one of the C.

in C. So
we're dealing with a particle that is

much different than anything that we
have any normal interaction with so

then our concept of how to characterize
how the image how do how to process.

Use it in a functional way is completely
different from what we've used before so

there's been a lot of learning a lot
of trial in there and how to use these

materials in a way that can provide
new function and they are a little

bit different from traditional inorganic
nanoparticles which I would say

are a little bit more robust they can
survive electron being they can survive.

Other environments these things were
very prized away so you have to be very

ginger and these were certain
techniques that were then developed for

the microwave tracks industry don't
Miss Lee work for these materials.

Quite so well so
there's been a lot of a lot of learning.

So with that said I still think it's
a lot of it's certainly worth it actually

investigative work with these materials
because they do offer a lot of potentially

new exciting composites properties
materials that we can do to solve society

society's problems and
one of those just close to our peers just

reducing our of our mental footprint I
mean I'm I'm sure a lot of people dislike

you know companies seeing their products
being used in landfills whatever they look

look at this that you waste in the six
sample this is bad a lot of companies

would rather not have this bad P.R.
for their company.

And different companies have different
drivers but a lot of it you know this this

is bad and if any and I and what the
commute consumer demands are if we really

want to have green deposits there will
also help push this and also government

policy saying we'll have no more you waste
would be another way to drive this type of

dreaming up certain products so we have in
this case electronics on the flip side for

these companies they have to make money
they have to make a profit so when you're

really talking about can we green
something up really do have to consider

what are the costs there's a way to
offset it based off our carbon credits or

life cycle analysis and it really depends
on the industry that you're in these

are some things you have to consider when
saying well why not just green it up or

takes more than that they thought about
it trust me they don't like this image.

But the issue is they
really have to deal with

the production needs they still have
to make a product to make money.

And this is where the trick comes in
they want to do it to feel good but

the reality would be able to do
it is much more challenging.

So the exciting thing
about nano something.

Can this actually be a way of enabling

some existing technologies we head to
hopefully green this up a little bit and

I'm going to recurve this theme throughout
the talk interest try to show how now so

you us can use either the green filler or
it can be used as a way to

modify existing biodegradable polymers
that might potentially be able to green

some components up also give an example
of a way of recycling electronics

which is developed here at Georgia Tech
which might also aid in this and

we're going to see the definitely
solutions Well these kids a step forward

the possibilities now that's what I want
to kind of show with this talk today.

So when we talk about nano sales have
been think about it for seven years and

really trying to figure out how is
this particle better than the rest.

Doesn't compete very well
against carbon nanotubes and

there's other nano particles out there
that have far superior properties as well

so it's not the fact that these
are nice light strong stuff

they do have some unique optical
characteristics it's a nice

friendly surface chemistry they can
play with but that's not going to cut

it there's a lot of other particles
out there that can do that.

So for these now materials this
chemical in your mind that

it's not one property
really sets it apart.

But actually it's a unique combination of
relevant characteristics that give this

material utility and we can actually
use it at large volume quantities and

scales under the right situations
we're now going to use nano So those

are great rockets we know that there's a
lot of applications out there were nano So

those could be quite beneficial such as
biodegradable cups that don't tear or

don't get Sawyer and things like that
when you use them quite a bit not so

exciting but
there's a huge market for this and

by the way it's biodegradable
renewable and all these other things

there is a potential market for
that so it can also be used for that.

So one of the advantages that
we have of the name of sales

is there's a high production potential
to be tied into the existing biomass to

biofuel biochemistry can be tied
into the pulp industry pulp and

paper industry produce enough of
these materials that can actually

meet societal needs and because
the infrastructure is already there and

if you reproduce the costs that
are actually palatable by the industry

they're not going to see like goods five
hundred dollars per milligram I'm going to

make something out of that you know will
be five hundred dollars maybe per hour for

that seems more palatable.

So we get companies have to be able to
make a profit from using these materials

and the high pressure production potential
cost potential all that to happen and for

the U.S. Forest Service we are always
concerned about U.S. jobs locally sourced

much material so we always have a constant
supply of these materials but really this

is this is globally there biomass all
over the world for the most part.

And then the third wave of this is
that if you really look at cellulose

it's pretty inert right.

Very few environmental health and
safety concerns Sparano will sustainable

biodegradable So it really does take
one step of possibility of taking that.

Material or that product the really
kind of a little screechy about we can

actually try to green it up somehow.

But the question is really how to
do that and then I say those might

give us some options for
opportunities to be able to do that.

So what hybrid if I talk that is
really on a couple different topics

actually what are these materials
what are their properties and

then trying to link their properties and
the various composite structures that

are out there and
I do that in the research snapshots.

Kind of towards the end of the Talk to go
talk about what's going on at Georgia Tech

and then kind of give
a brief summary of what.

Some key points of this what I see and
then a sales research.

So this slide really kind of shows
my material science perspective of

processing structure and
proper the relationship so

I always have to see what the structure of
things are because it does have some use

so really we get a tree and if you
know the tree wants to do is be a tree

right who doesn't care about
wants to be a product but but

if you really dissect the tree you can
see that it has a higher design and

structure to it you know if you cut down a
tree you can see those bark as a you know

really would weigh it were actually
mature wood in juvenile wood if you

look at a little closer you zoom in you
can see the growth of rings there if you

look a little bit closer yet you'll see
that you have like a porous structure if

you look a little bit closer there tissue
that's there it's actually like a straw.

So there's a lot of air in there so
it's a straw and

if you look closer at that straw the cell
wall or the wall structure that so.

You see it's a composite structure for
very detailed areas and composition and

also based off of something else in there
if you look closer you'll see that it's

actually the matrix that makes that up is
actually important because of structure

the reinforcing phase in this case is
cellulose micro Federals and each of these

scales are going down and down in size and
or higher magnification so it's really

small What's one of these physical
structures made out of it's cellulose.

So to have a tree to be a tree or a plant
to be a plan to go over nine orders of

magnitude all this higher cost structure
that's there is for a tree to be a tree or

plant to be a plant has nothing to do

with the composites The Mitchells want to
produce from it so the question is if we

take this all the parkway make something
even better out of it with a question and

the answer is yes so
to refloat that put it over here and

this access we have increasing made
a vacation or decrease in size scale.

You know of you get a large
chunks centimeters of millimeters

Well actually centimeters or
metres of lumber would play.

Millimeter size scales actually
the fibers that make up your paper

ever rip up a piece of paper see little
hairs that's individual wood tissue

kind of looks like this.

You know little bit closer
to the micro meter so

the scale of my care Kristen sales.

And then at the top you have some of those
derivatives which essentially deal with

the sales chain by itself.

So.

So we're dealing with quite
a bit of the structure and

the products that we use today.

So probably from people
like what is cellulose and

that's a fair question it's
a sugar thought is the sugar I get

to linked up by this end here with another
end over there makes a linear chain

that's also you know says where is the
sugar come from photosynthesis the carbon

dioxide water gives some products of
that sugar and oxygen in the system

the plant knows what to do with that to
make its various structures it has for

a plant to be a plant we look
at it as it creates these so

US chains the bio synthesis
to make those microfilm bills

that are reinforcing those individual
plants so walls have a process of making.

A microphone structure base of
turning complexes or whatever but

the names don't worry about what the big
thing is you get a group of sales

individual chains they're a long they
get bundled together in a certain way.

So they all interact with each other and
this is looking at the so

strange you know the board.

Or the loop together to form these micro
Fribbles which in themselves have a higher

design tool so
just the big key point here is that

the sugars create a chain
the chains bundle up and

they are horrible structure with them even
though they're long structure there's

zones in there of Christian areas
in zones of of disordered regions.

And that's kind of important.

And that's all I'm going to showing
you here so back to this we get these

particles types from our bio mass we
make various products out of them

what is kind of pretty familiar with
that fiber pretty used all the paper and

packaging that we have here but
Microsystems tell us you might not

be aware of but that's a fill in material
that we use than our pharmaceutical so

we eat the stuff all the time.

So I was using food for crunch.

And you have the sales derivatives a lot
is a pretty just essentially you have all

these hydroxyl groups on the so you LOS
and here's functionalism with different

chemistries and you put them in
with such things like babies.

So I have to be pretty healthy or OK to
be able to do that you put in your mouth

you put in your eye if you need it you
do all these different things with it so

after year proves So
it's it's it's it's everywhere so

you get a sense that so
you know is this kind of everywhere.

But we're missing one component right
now now we have the capability with

nanotechnology we would explore the
possibilities of this missing link here

the science based particles and if you
look at the size scale then you can see

that these features on the nano scale is
one hundred enemies that's two hundred ten

meters are smaller than the two hundred
might two microns size scale here but

these are going to be bigger than
a visual stimulus chains and

not just bigger but they're also bundles
they're all associated with each other and

that's a key factor there next to
each other they're an object and

not individual so you'll change.

So when you look at those
microfilm Well then.

You know about tight bundling of the sales
chains where you have regions that

are a little bit more ordered some areas
are a little bit less sort of work

I mean interested in both actually but
a lot of a lot of who are prior work or

early work is really based on these
crystal regions to meet these little

crystals they sell us and the crystals.

So if you look at this a little bit more
take one of these crystal regions out

see the sales chain again walk.

Goes on the access if you look down the
cross section of one of these crystal and

zones you actually see you have
a reoccurring pattern of the sales changes

again look at that so strange individual
cross-section they have a pattern here and

there's actually a fraction you can
actually index it so it's crystalline So

these particles will range themselves
in a certain periodic order.

Which is important.

So the key points of this then is.

Change or second parallel all bundled
up they have an order to one and

because of the structural and
I saw it the length is different from

what's going on the cross-section expect
to have different material properties as

a function of orientation with this this
particle so the properties of the C.

access should be different than the B.
and also the access that's just

because of all these sales chains
interact with each other along the C.

access you have called
the human bonds along the B.

access you have had your body on
the axis you have all the types of

body that occurs in this so expect to get
anisotropy and this is really important

how these particles interact with each
other interact with their environment and

things like that and that's kind of
a given how you surface functionalism and

thanks so
it's kind of the key message here.

OK so.

There's a lot of nanoparticles that are
out there I want to generally group I'm in

the two categories so
it's out of crystals so

you have your biomass to do some
pretreatment which I won't talk about

you just do and as I draw it says you
dissolve away those amorphous regions of

the disordered regions you left with
little rides that's what you have there so

there's no crystals the other way of
doing this is you can rip it apart like.

String cheese and just tear it apart

he along little pieces that are kind
of hairy or kind of branched.

And you can do a process we do a little
chemical pretreatment to it so

it makes it easier to rip it apart and
you get a little bit finer.

Branching of fighter structure
here this is one hundred animators

the scale Mark is one micron and
that's two hundred nanometers so

the particles you get out of this than
a computer read vastly different.

And they have approximate
dimensions like this.

Blanks.

But to keep it simple and says that is
lunch time which is kind of like it is

there a sense begetting but
it's kind of the general.

The general thought here I
mean it's oversimplified but

really that's when you're reading
the papers out there this is just going to

group into those categories that
will help your quite a bit and

you can do different things with grace
than speed when you're cooking actually.

This Think about it you know I don't think
a career would take nearly as good with

pasta versus race where
that's just just me though.

But I digress but but

the real reality is where there's a
biomass we really do mean our biomass but

a lot of work on all the Woody materials
we also have a virtual whole variety of

plants there's just a small price list of
what's been done the other key players or

something is called a tuna kid
that's in the ocean bacteria and

also algae all these type of things will
produce cellulose that a certain way and

we're going to track nanoparticles
from them which is important.

So now we're going back to the earliest
lied about this so it was being prevalent

it really is pretty inert or talks
talks like toxicity things like that so

generally with similar will be the same
right where you don't make that assumption

you have to do the tests you just have to
do the test because it's so important and

all the plumbing returns so far has
shown no toxicity so far that works in

complete has to be continued and
always continue to continue on.

Finding maybe any potential problems but
right now it's looking good.

So that's pretty exciting.

And this is the.

Version then of sales material after he
gets extracted from the plant and tree but

we can also do the Nano SALES The similar
to the derivatives we can functionalize

though each groups had rocks and groups
there on the surface of the particle and

we get new properties and
new functionality but

if we do that we have then have to go
through all the all these approvals again

and testing to make sure because it's come
to a different beast but but we can handle

that later right now a lot of the work has
been how can we functionalize us hope we

do it in a fashion matter that high yields
and things like that so a lot of cool work

going on there we've done quite a bit of
work putting nano silver particles on

our soil so you know other functionality
based off of that but you can go

through a whole bunch of different
things there's a lot of work in that.

So the big key message then out of this of
this beginning here is the type of article

you get is really depend on the social
source how you extract it from your source

material how you feel either as I said
Ross or or mechanical treatment and also

what's on the surface to have you done any
surface modification so keep that in mind

when you're reading papers on the say why
did this behavior change with just double

check what they're starting material
because it makes a big difference.

Also you're going to have
a little frustration.

In the nomenclature and
this is just because there are so

many different disciplines working on
this and they all started calling these

materials different names
they stuck with them so.

Essentially.

Trying to homogenize this through the eye
so I can even say it is also tapi

where the soul is now the crystals
are going to be primarily the ones for

mass that I draw as this so as nano for
balls are primarily the ones that

are based off of mechanical
treatment type of process so.

Again just race and speed get the scene
Cesar CNS it's kind of in general

what the terminology is going to be going.

So.

Why are the properties different and we
have to compare the Nano sales property to

the individual hope fiber because
it has the same as a row of it.

A comparison that that's relevant
to do because it's a ball so

it was based particles to use.

So for now we have a lot less
defects we removed all those defects

that the tree needs to be
a tree it's no longer there so

you just have pure cellulose with all the
seals chains in the parallel range when

ordered we have a higher
percentage Crystal entity and

because we have got rid of all those
defects have lower stress concentration so

that means we have higher mechanical
properties of the individual particle

we also have a much
larger surface area and

the key thing here is surface area
volume ratio which is quite typical for

all nano particles that just lies you
have better particles are a bonding

better particle matrix bonding and
more actually in this case more reaction

to a given environment for
a given surface contact point so

the idea there is you can
produce stronger networks.

Also you make optical properties now you
have the particles the diameters and

everything are less than the wavelength
of light so they don't scatter as much so

you have to produce transparent composites
and the particles are so small they

have higher mobility problems and I can
start interacting with themselves and

start doing stuff such as
self-assembly they can do a lot of

unique things they can create
structures they produce iridescence and

also by a French roots you also make
liquid crystal in structures so

you can get play around with properties
Maxima cation maximizing properties

based on the alignment of the particles so
a lot of cool things you can do now.

So when you go back to one
of these What's what's so

good about these no silos of the fourth
private industry you get to look at that

great we have new mechanical properties.

Already properties for that matter
that gives us new capabilities and

that means we have new
applications that we can prop.

Well you these now sales materials that.

And this is just a short list of things
that have been considered and worked on.

But it covers much far beyond than
just regular just paper right or

tour of the paper or tissue paper
it is a lot of other in the things

that you can do with these.

Possible.

OK so.

I don't really said much about
the properties yet so what we know so

far from my talk of high aspect
ratio they do have a low density

Botox the city there's nice easy
surface like say reactive but

I don't mean they have a bad way
I mean it's a friendly surface so

you can put easy chemistry on there for
the most part they're uniform and

we use produce a lot of it we
also know their property and.

So we always have to consider this.

So they can have a problem you'll see
reported here laughter everywhere

will really be probably in the C direction
because that's where people really want to

show the possibilities and we're making
composites So it's for the most part of

the orientation really care when you have
a rod like particle that's so it's not too

bad a thing to do you see the modulus is
quite high the total strangers quite high

then when you compare to other types of
reinforcing phases I put pop in there for

other comparison it's actually quite
comparable I mean something like

super hybrids in the same ballpark
which is actually pretty exciting and

much greater than what
the Pope I read was.

Other things to consider as a pretty low
thermal expansion so as something heats up

of course down extends or contracts
based up the temperature change and

these are actually pretty well there's a
more ceramic like in the sea direction so

that gives us some other
unique capabilities or

trying to produce substrate materials for
flux for trying to say.

One other problem A does have
a low degradation temperature and

it depends on some aspects of what's
on the surface of the particle.

Another thing about these these particles
which is pretty important to consider is

the reality of behavior like they do like
to form gels after they're processed and

depending on what type of particle you
have they gel a different concentrations

imagine the C. in our speed have a branch
they need a lot lower concentration.

To form a gel but there's been a lot of
work on how do you modify surface charged

particle size on the surface what's in
the suspension what Iowans are there

what is the matrix medium all that
will influence how will set up.

And that becomes import when you're trying
to form a composite so that's goes into

the processing component of making
something after you get the particles.

So you have those gel of
whatever you want to move it so

you apply sure what's going to happen
these materials are shear thinning so

as you place your stress actually
viscosity goes down so some of

the a painter you're trying to paint
something wall they don't you want to just

give a nice spread when you stop putting
that shear on there wanted to set and

it does so that's a sheer thinking type of
commercial thing type of application and

that's what a lot of so you'll see.

Material additions are kind of considered
to be used for a thinking agent or.

To modify or tack a fire type of thing but
all that will influence how these

process composite sun.

So some the optical folks are pretty cool.

Indexer refractions and I suppose as an
aside to me in that you do get by a friend

but a lot of homeowners have that so
no big deal there

what is really cool about this is
now because look at their mobility

they don't just line up in parallel
like if you get a stack of pencils or

some of that in parallel they actually
stack up more like a stack of.

Screws actually though try to
stack up not side by side but

a couple kind of a staircase a fact or
a D.N.A.

strand in fact they twist and
based off that twisting action.

And that the picture that you can get
colored interferes with white and

hear the band get a good
light color from that and

you know you look at this this
film that we produced here

you'll get different colors from that so
pretty pretty cool stuff.

So seeing sees can influence out
of all parameters by by fringe and

the fact and also you can add color if
you wanted to without adding pigments.

And look at this a little bit more they've
got that if you have a really tight

you get a blue color expand the style
by playing around with what's in that

these are so to speak what's in the.

And.

The suspension that's around there
you can actually expand that out and

get red so you can do color shifts.

So that the case of this is you can have
a way of tailoring this kind of nomadic

structure that we have here which is
kind of exciting and for properties for

composites but also because you
can tailor the optical properties.

Another neat thing about these particles.

The way you can make a film is very simple

these these particles are suspended
water you just put it into a petri dish

that the water evaporating
left with a transparent film.

There you can see a little sample out
of there should be all random little

black things that are seen see as
they should be randomly oriented or

if you wanted to imply for a minute trying
to apply shear because that sheer action

of these crystals why not and
when you remove that shear

it gets a job like again that fixes
the orientation of the particles so

you can lock in the orientation
of the crystals.

And use actually diffraction confirm
the high degree of orientation

of the particles but the neat thing here
is that you change the optical properties

same exact composition same student
doing the work same exactly.

Are things the same and without
an audience here you have this wonderful

quality edge sheer you break up all those
Carol mains to mains and now you just

have a dramatic structural that doesn't
produce color so now it's transparent.

That's the other thing about these films
that when you're dealing with one hundred

percent so you know the crystals can
make some really transparent films.

Really depends on the waypoint
that you're looking at and

you really want to break up
that paramedic structure but

both types of sales materials
will produce transparent films.

OK Now if you want to make
something out of a composite or.

A composite.

Can I get all excited and

just you know how seven point five you
get Pascal tensile strength hundred for

two hundred Pascoe stiffness I should be
able to make the best composite I ever

write Superman properties here through
it all limits for potential right.

Well.

You know anybody who does
composites work realizes

it's a lot of reality to manufacturing and

there's a certain character that kind
of comes out when you make him come.

And see how many people know this guy
Hulk Hogan right kind of impressive in

the ring right but you know he does have
some flaws kind of rough around the edges

he's had some deep dark some consistency
issues but but overall you can still

get some pretty good things out of him but
but he's a finite Superman right so

you get you have to tell your expectations
to realize composite manufacturing

especially nano scale you know have whole
Kogan worse than that then Superman

let's not bad because it's
still pretty good properties.

And to give an example that we have
a materials property map here this is

the last six modular so stiffness versus
tensile strength is divided by density so

these are the specific properties key
thing here is that if you want to make

some of the for automotive or

aero or sports equipment you want
to be up in this range well.

The red dot here the gray regions then
show different material properties based

off their class so technical ceramics
are up here metals are down here

most engineering polymers are here things
like that so it's now the crystals

are read off here and so they're pretty
far off the chart pretty exciting but

you make one hundred percent nano
sales films out of it here and

this is own here the red zone so it's
really shifted quite quite far and why is

that is because when you make a structure
like we have here this scale markers one

micron all these little features you see
here actually so there's not a crystals in

contact you have a lot of defects in there
you have interfaces so of course it can be

ways that this is going to fail early ways
or things can slide past each other so

well have a lower stiffness just to be
expected all systems will show this.

And compared to carbon fiber all
these other macroscopic properties of

these other reinforcing phases
we still have a long way to go

to be able to compete against those.

But still it's a worthy
to do some work on that.

So now when you compare comparing
this against paper then we actually

look pretty good and compare this because
what we produce in our own lab I know

the density of you know the orientation
all that type of stuff so I compare

the two from paper to that we actually
went up four times in tensile strength and

maybe a factor of two in and stiffness or
why is a more subtle so they're both

one hundred that's what's going on
this is more than an old technology or

nano particles give you an advantage
of smaller defects to begin with so

you see here this is an individual
paper fiber the top surface of paper as

the image scale markers fifty microns look
about poor What about say thirty microns

the Nano cellulose here is one micron
scale marker we want to thirty micron or

and here would be out in the next hallway
out of the room and all that be massive

right all mechanical problems
are dictated by flaws has a pretty.

Flaw we no longer have
that in the Nano sales.

The other thing I'll point out is
the higher and higher particle particle

interaction so you can see this play we're
going through this kind of wave you're in

up and down in things most of it is kind
of in the air it's not really in contact

it looks like it is because kind of flat
but no it's not entirely in contact with

these individual cells crystals are highly
intimately and interact with each other so

you get a lot better load transfer and
that's very exciting and

then they have hydrogen Bonnie there
are groups on their surfaces so

they come in contact they have a way to
produce a weak bond with themselves how

your body is weak when you have a whole
ton of them ends up being quite strong so

that's a big advantage of these so
it was based in a composite.

OK So let's think in general about all the
properties and think about the Slayer's

materials themselves without putting them
in the things so with the research and

development I'm going to kind
of then talk a little bit about.

The Saudis themselves how they're
characterized what research is done but

also and how they're kind of
incorporated in composites so

hoped to two birds with
one stone in this case.

So research there's a lot
of years of research and

don't worry about the details here
the big thing just read the headings for

the people in back there a lot of work
on how to produce things how to improve

the real to how to get different
source materials to get the right

type of particle morphology how to get
better uniform particles a lot of work and

that a lot of characterization like I
said is very difficult to characterize is

because most of the techniques that are
available today kind of what they used to

be around now we've we figured it out but
there's still a long way to go but

it's not just characterizing little
particles but how do you find a carbon

based particle in a sea of polymer that's
also carbon becomes quite quite difficult.

But we're very interested in looking at
the interfaces and distribution of these

particles will then there's composite
systems so the big effort in that.

Big effort in how to functionalize these
articles with various chemistries but

also nanoparticles D.N.A.
and how to do it a fact of all.

Composites a lot of work and then work out
the dispersion How do you get that now

crystals in the various polymer systems
that I do for work or hydrophilic right

what's going out of the interface
I will prove to the durability and

things like that.

Templated structures can we build stuff
on top of that of something else that

we can't do make structures that we can't
do any other way to work and that work and

sensors and barriers in this
particular case the doctor groups on

the on the cellulose crystals love
water but they're actually quite.

Resistant oxygen they actually
stop action quite a bit so

you can actually make some pretty
good barriers with that not not for

moisture but for auction now also goes
in suit with other chemistries as well.

We join a lot of work
with predictive modeling.

Again a lot of work in optical optical we
can show a little bit of that earlier and

a lot and advanced manufacturing really
printing in foams fibers and gels like

that and actually a lot of this stuff is
kind of summarized in a book which I.

Put together anybody is
interested that a look

at a pyramid summarizes what the last ten
fifteen years of research has done by

the people who actually did
it the summary book and

then you just find the references you
know to specific studies to look at it.

What I want to do now so some time when
I go over such a way for examples.

It will be multiple examples
in these examples but

this is kind of a path forward here.

So production.

World Map this of the north of
North America or a Northern Hemisphere

size of the pain kind of shows
the size of the processing plant.

Small plane is one kilogram per day.

Big Diet is one hundred kilograms
per day seems like a lot so

that actually a lot of facilities Japan
Canada US Scandinavia also in Europe.

But this is nowhere near what's
necessary for industrial destroy us

this is still kind of pilot scale and in
playing around the lab and seeing the if

these things are possible but really
exciting that we have this capability of

a new plant coming online very close to us
here which we're pretty excited about but

this is the first step to really show that
we can actually impact society by these

materials make sure we have a readily
supply available that we can use so

this is pretty neat stuff the same time
doing that we have to also keep in mind

we're asking a lot from our biomass
right of biomass to fuels the biomass to

chemistry chemicals are all there we
already have the biomass producing

the materials we use everyday lumber and
paper now we want nanoparticles in there

then our particles kind of fit
in to this chemistry route

there's a lot of work trying to
figure out how to best to do that.

So that we do not run out of our supply.

And so there's a lot of work and

consideration on what type of
material source should we use.

Would cost of the X.
axis here harvest residuals residual

sawdust essentially pulpwood versus all
these nice work the veneer logs and

we'll say old growth forest over here
isn't why that Arkie thing is trying

to add value based on the engineering
products we produce from that because this

is just burning for for power or get some
liquid fuel that doesn't really add so

much power or too much value to it more
isn't doing is making all these engineers

structures that exciting part can and
are cellulose do that too

that's the key thing and that's where
the U.S. Forest Service gets involved so

we want to figure out how
to get this low use stuff.

Residuals no residuals and
make a high value product out of that.

We don't have to worry about going after
version for us we can go after plantation

course or go after residuals So
it's kind of a nice thing to be able

to get more from a single tree the same
time adding value and creating jobs and

that's kind of the U.S. Forest Service
perspective but it is possible because it

is residual we break things down so
small we don't need.

Structures that are necessary for
the lumber we don't need that natural

individual tissue for paper because all
these products even though they're natural

systems they do need to have
a certain regulation of the type of

particles they used to make their product
and when you deal with residuals and

mill residuals it's kind
of hard to achieve that.

So I'm going to take composites second
example when you're working in the Nano

soz community here you'll see that there's
a lot of work on forms there are dozen

hydrogels and you go up to different
composite types based off of I kind of

group that for the amount of sales
that used within those composites so

you can use as a filling material
create continuous fibers or

you can make network composites.

And there's various processing rods to
produce composites from that from Solution

casting by responding well mixing there's
others but there's just to slow you

know other people are actually actively
doing work in each one of those areas.

So for a solution casting all you do is
take your nano sales and suspension dump

it into a petri dish or polymer system
kind of mix it while they're driving or

whatever it densified because all that
liquid goes away you get this transparent

film and people don't work on many
different things to change the infraction

but it's kind of in general we get
that type of product out of it.

You can change it to things
you mix together how you do it

to work on different polymer systems.

But really the key thing is here is
a lot of work on these structures

to understand how to do.

This it's not as easy as my
cartoons are showing here.

But that's where a lot of the clouds work
are you cool this down or in this case

freeze dried and sort of way you can keep
that open structure of an initial starting

gel that was there and in greed a lot of
forms so a lot of need applications for

that you can see the poor
structure here that home and

you can make maybe structural
form uses out of these materials.

Or you can functionalize that service and
make a battery out of it or

so you know that there's possibilities.

So they'll also a lot of
work on a week long rules.

Similar to paper but can we make it in
a very continuous process and the answer

is yes there's a lot of pilot plants that
are out there right now just trying to

figure out the right recipe to make this
happen why is that important because that

means sooner than later we'll be able to
have this type of packaging material for

various applications we can produce in
the quantities that industry needs and

you have to have these type of processing
techniques to be able to do that.

You can also use these nanomaterials
to coat existing paper structures so

you can fill up those gaps those
problems that are on the surface and

it's smoother surfaces you
can better print quality and

then use these devices for various other
filter applications hope other packaging

applications as well.

Now if you look at
the composites where you add.

Given some of this material to a Palmer in
general what you find is the same thing

you'll see with other natural systems
is this is stress versus strain and

these weight percent is here is that
if you add more cellulose notices to

it what you see is the properties change
you get a higher stiffness higher fracture

toughness and a lower strain to failure
in general that's what you see with most

material systems and there's been a lot
of work of the various polymer systems.

That are out there.

This is just a very short list and each
part of our system will behave differently

so as our use for
me to tell you one poem or

system is another form of system will be
a slightly different but this is a general

trend I guess it should be this large but
that's the general trend that you see.

So exciting about C.N.C. is that they
can modify the mechanical properties of

the existing partner systems and every
thing back again to our opening statement.

Can we actually modify the properties of
these biodegradable polymer so that we

actually components that can actually now
buy the Great when we're done with them.

The idea here is that if the problem is
the biodegradable properties aren't such

they can process them or
have any properties and

I can be used in a sales are for the
possibility of tweaking their property so

they might be able to be honest and

still maintain the biodegrade
ability aspects of this.

Look at this again.

I mean so it's not a crystal ball to
mechanical properties dispersion is

key to be able to do this and that's where
the trick is that's where all the science

is trying to figure out what's going
on trying to get this is now a crowd of

particles as dispersed possible to be able
to also characterize how dispersed they

are as that's and Asli a trivial thing but
in the process of doing this making

that type a composite You can also change
the barrier properties this case is poetic

acid and by adding their sales to it you
can actually reduce the water transmission

rate so the actual transmission rate quite
substantially so actually act as a barrier

this particular case why I took acid
likes to have water through it.

The only thing is they can change the
thermal properties thermal expansion but

also class transition temperature.

The neat thing here is that you start
over partially like this the N.S.A.

is doing is still
relatively transparent so

as the same color which is kind of a nice
feature has a lot of lead us a lot of

individuals when you add them
to a composite will change it.

Structure hurts color.

So the idea is we can actually influence
what the problems by adding these things

we need to aim transparency and

the idea that this could be
a political to biodegradable homers.

People in electronics here well confident
that all expansion versus lastic

modulus it will get the crystal again it's
an eye socket or it has a higher size or

B. but the C. direction of the crystal
the long axis of the crystal

is that of a ceramic they make a one
hundred percent lead film of it down here

the idea is if you add these particles to.

And your apology should be able to shift
down the idea if you shifted down to

the thermal expansion as this is only for
electronics so this substrate

which is now instead of being glass can
actually be a biodegradable substrate that

you can actually develop your network or
your device structure on is neat

things like that you this offers
a possibility to be able to do.

And prove the C. T. kept I care.

About ability between the two materials.

Same thing with the transfer
on go to the details but

you can also engineer he
transfer of a polymer system so

you can get more of the heat
out of your device.

Another example is templated structures
remember that Carol imagine structure

we have to produce color or you can
either keep it or you can burn it and

the carbon Phoenix structure here
seen use that as a filter material or

you can add a coating of silica get
the same type of coated structure of

the most metal pour silica and
it produces color so

it's kind of a concept of the you can
use the in season self assemble to

create a structure that you would be able
to do with in this case silica before or

carbon and now you have that structure and
burn away that never cereals you after

the new functional structure that you
will be able to produce without it so

a lot of possibilities with with that but
it's kind of a unique area of research.

Microfluidics work we've been able to
create a lot of different core shell

composites with me on the inside and
I saw a wall here this is the site

seen see the exterior wall or this can
be used a lot of different things for

capsules and sensors and
things like that a lot of possibilities.

We also use that in cements this
is one word that they want to

put in the cement So what happens
when a story shorting you die or

flex your strength by adding to
a percent so it's not a crystals and

what is now crystals do it at
alters the hydration reaction it

allows ideation reaction occur to
a fuller extent so you get higher.

Properties in your cement.

And yet you would have thought of
because most of the ad was in cement or

cellulose based anyway this is because
that rod like particle it modifies

how that reaction front propagates
away from the cement particle outward.

So.

There's a lot of research I touched based
on little bits here and there publications

are kind of strain the really celebrate
here a lot of people getting is to the lot

more money going into this it's a pretty
exciting career to cover negatives were

here were the main issue below their
publication rates but but it's still.

Exciting nonetheless.

And with the next couple of minutes here
I'll go pretty quick with what's going to

Georgia Tech and I really started out
with efforts here in Georgia Tech really

kind of push by it with the renewable
prize Institute they have a way of

seeing a lot of efforts courting efforts
over the fellowship program and they get

a lot of straw in this tree engagement
which is which is key for these materials

we also have a fairly large community
here working on these materials or

are definitely interested in that So
that's that's pretty pretty substantial

probably the biggest group that I know
I don't think campus in the U.S..

There's a lot of work going on.

Devices and composites advanced
manufacturing and also health.

Now talk about a few of these here but
briefly.

R.B.I. you can really see how these three

areas are really kind of course
intertwined biochemicals biofuels and

also an adversary of those
going to pulp and paper.

The key thing here is that the Fellowship
which you can actually use to help steer

seed a lot of research in these
materials which we which we need.

And the connections with
the other schools and

back of the quake he doubtless have a nice
diverse look when we're doing our research

look I mean different perspectives come
from different disciplines so you have

different ways of answering a problem
it's kind of key with these materials.

So research first areas I would say
would be composite electronic devices to

measure manufacturing I'll give an example
of each so here's the scene see is added

to a park sees a really kind of exciting
work because you're not only able to

get in get in to get a higher
stiffness in this case but

they were able to get it in that a high
volume fraction percent fifteen percent

which is higher than anything I've seen
before so it's really exciting because

that means they can actually get high
times and then be like a green filler So

you're are setting a lot of the there
poxy with the green filler and

you're getting properties that
are actually could be quite beneficial for

your given application that you want so
it's kind of neat.

The work that we've done with when our
Kiplinger's over we created the substrate

she developed the architecture that
we're on it we made sure that we have

this was our service to be able to do
this as being nano scale roughness

which we're able to achieve no
problem paper you can't do that

the Federal property is
matched to electronics and

we have a mechanical problems that
had to be rigid enough to survive all

the process in steps but the neat thing
about here is we're able to sort out.

At the substrate and we actually remove
that and we have a easy way to remove that

because currently technology that's on
glass there's no easy way to remove that.

With a science you just put in
the water it dissolves away

do a couple simple chemistries and
get all your in our galaxy out.

So it offers a way to be able
to recover you're in organics So

I just throw it away don't have to
just burn it you can is solution or

green chemistry be able to do that.

So it helps in the recycle by trying
to recycle build the potentially.

Have worked on making continuous flavors
this one was like really the first pilot.

Using these materials.

And Pan it was just pretty spectacular so

teachers able to do by putting Omega
prior to that everybody's just doing what

spinning when they get a syringe literally
just the syringe of putting it into a.

Water to quiet your way that.

This is something you know
he sponsored by DARPA and

he said you know mass of facilities
clean room and everything like that and

you know within six months able to produce
a film of up to seventy percent seen

Caesar a fiber I mean continuous
There is the side to see here but

there's the not just one fiber
there that's like several lines and

that's pretty amazing and
we get we have that capability here.

So in summary two minutes here we start
with this thought What can we do to try to

Green these materials up is it possible
to sales to be able to do that but

there's a lot of possibilities to do it
my thought is that with the green filler

materials and new recycling methods
we might be able to do that but

it will materials is just being able
to use polymers that we previously

could not use because they
don't have the processing or

the properties to be able to do it I think
might be able to do just that a little bit

to make it possible and
I can say you can do it but it's possible.

So in summary so is nanoparticles R L.

Based office so you also have a unique.

Combination of characteristics
that give them utility.

So you can use them for
certain applications

there's a lot of research that's going out
there terms of environmental footprint and

I think it would be to summarize that
before there's a lot of grand challenges

to make this happen so I say these
things that it could happen but

there's still a lot of work that needs
to be done to make that happen and

I actually think Georgia Tech is really a
nice position to be able to do that a lot

expertise here we have a lot of research
institutes with great capabilities

we have a very big community here to
build from R.B.I. as a nice keystone to

really get us going but we have all these
other centers of Fail fast you know and

so try to try something new with
these materials just try something or

see what's going on that says a lot and
that's the spirit that's here at

Georgia Tech least from my year and
a half that I've been here I've noticed.

There's a big thing on sustainability
I have a lot of capability in advanced

manufacturing and also electronics and
since there are a lot of students here I

will make one thing very clear I mean
when I say world class students and

their exceptional here really
what you're able to do.

And I say that but
that's why I came here right now they're

pretty we're very happy I came here to
Georgia Tech as I saw all of us here and

we have a really strong capability of
being able to to make a difference in

our society with these materials so
I'd be you know I'm I'm biased though

the thought of it doing for seven years I
really love it but this is why I'm here.

And with that I walk him anybody
who's not in they can come and

join us well have a happy no
coppers here and June still

accepting poster applications for
you want.

And with that I will open for
the questions thank you very tension.

Or.

What about.

Within the what is owed to.

The old life where.

It's That's American process incorporated
American process and corporation and

they're actually they've they're looking
at biomass the chemicals actually and

they they also have a process you know
where they can stop that for reaction so

they can get the sales now to
Crystal's those materials are actually

very difficult to break down so there's a
lot of work in the bio biomass to biofuels

can be like how can we tear those
microfilms down so we get a higher yield

Well they have a certain chemistry
that they can do that but

they can also stop their action short so
they maintain.

Those crystals there they can separate
those out and less of the rest of

the sugars are there they continue on to
make their other chemical feedstocks.

And there are all about
ourselves in the city here.

And there their primary goal is actually
they help pulp and paper and history

also to work on their pumping process
to make that more efficient two so

they have a couple different areas
of where they are their focus

is now part of his
colleague one one of those.

That.

Were with us.

As well.

Using their new lights on this is.

You know.

You know there.

Are.

So many when you look at the bonded
structure of the site also has no

possibility for current to there's no
feel like trying to be able to move so

what you end up doing is
you have to function.

Wise with the chemistry and then he
can do it and then when you build up

an architecture based off of your
film if you have a poor structure and

then create a form or whatever you can art
you can change the course structure there

and he serves modify the interior of that
with a given eye and I thought that's

a good current transport through one
direction of the other direction or

depend what your suspension medium is this
going to be in a liquid he also change

your counter I mean in a liquid
form also how the types of current.

And that system of the crystal itself
know that I'm aware of those so

potential peers over sponsors but
no real charge that I've seen so

a lot of work is based off of what I just
mentioned there is surface functional

rising with the right chemistry curtain
kind of caring care capability that way.

We are.

Others.

About.

This but.

There's no reason other.

Jurors are made.

Well good.

By there is.

Zero zero zero.
Zero.

OK so.

I have a great image for it but.

It might be five hours
before I get to that slide.

But it is centrally it so

to get in do so so
as not officials in general are hydro so

like if you put them in I drove a matrix
you know ball up and not going to

spread out uniformly within the matrix so
we have here.

If can you turn off the late again so
right.

So in this particular imaging
techniques are able to see

where the nanocrystals are this
is a matrix This is like.

Think it's like.

Ten or so microns.

When it's nicely dispersed you get a nice
uniform interaction of the particle with

the matrix polymer put the clappers
on itself because like lakes like

here you get this micron
sized particle in air and

now you have a micro micron size
filler material in your matrix and

this will have defects of these
things won't Nestle fully range.

We used.

To.

Look at YES SO SO things you can
modify the disperse ability is

what's on the surface of the particle
first of it's a C. and C.

versus the heavily branched C enough
because something is really heavily branch

it's going to be more difficult to
keep everything separate isolated.

And these these particles
with a base of a sort of.

Saw fade out have us or groups on so
a little bit of a negative charge and

also look kind of repel if you do
a modification of that to stop that

they want to stick together because
they have all the edge and binding sites

from the groups I want to be right in
Tate and sit with it with themselves so

you have to do the right chemistry
to give them the separate and

when you put them into a polymer system
that becomes even more tricky because you

you have to somehow do a solvent
exchange and that's where the.

That's where you have to wait for a form.

You have to do a special dance but

it takes time to sort that out with the
right polymer system that you're using and

that's why I try to keep the talk overly
general because each specific poem or

system is going to be a little
bit different and and

even the well we're going to do much
detail of what we have is a question

that we're clearly they
don't want you know right.

Because I was late.