OK This begins it continues on the same subject as motor control and this begins our capstone research projects the next ten presentations will be in that category. Our first presenter is right of box she and she will be presenting the electro my graphic response to ankle perturbation by a powered ankle foot or if those is curing treadmill walking in healthy shift subjects and while they're getting that set up. I will mention that there is a award which you see to my right which represents the outstanding capstone research project and we have a awards committee that's been identified in the interview says individuals later and they will be judging these awards and at the end of our symposium today we will present this award and that will be accompanied by the two hundred fifty dollars check. OK Good afternoon everyone. My name is Fred a vaccine and like Dr kooker said today we are presenting to you my work I am to response to perturbations supplied by the power to have drinks had no walking and healthy subjects this work was completed under the guidance of Dr Conrad Acton your logical injury. One of the major rehabilitation tasks is learning how to walk again independently traditional therapist assisted gait training requires an overwhelming physical effort from multiple therapists to train just a single. Patient robot is a city training tools such as a local Mat have been developed to address this concern. These tools allow patients to repeat the gate cycle with great support and with assistance from just a single therapist. However these tools also employ consistent limb patterns for every gait cycle encouraging patients to become dependent on their training tool current research supports the use of perturbations during rehabilitation for example and in two thousand and eight thirty. Researchers found greater gait related improvements in therapist assisted training than a robot is to change one of the reasons for these improvements could be that their business is chaining does not move the leg in the same exact pattern for every gait cycle and the P.C. would have to correct for those small variances they might be experiencing in fact approached her major research suggests that exaggerating those Marbury and says enhanced movement with the robot arm was actually better for the patients progress than minimizing those variances for clarity we will call these variances to the intended movement as perturbations studies are now determining how the leg muscles the douch during different phases of the gate cycle when perturbations are introduced during walking one of the ways of adapting to perturbations designed to dissipate in the next one. This type of motor control is called the forward and can sometimes result in a continued change of muscle activity even after the perturbation is rude this post perturbation must lecture but he is called after facts. If the subject adapts to the perturbation via feedforward control and exhibits after effects the system is thought to be learning the question lies that can are patients with neurological injuries increased. Their rehab potential if a small portion of their therapy involves adopting to perturbations If the answer is yes power to impose can then be designed to elicit certain after effects before any of these questions can be investigated perturbation response muscle responses in the healthy subject must be analyzed inducing a plan or flexion moment from terminal swing through loading response would induce a greater gait perturbation than giving a divorce inflection and the subject would have to correct for this perturbation in order to maintain balance and keep walking on the treadmill based on this idea. We believe to come up with these two hypotheses the first hypothesis is a plan or function perturbation would result in a greater change of B.M.G. activity than Duracell function perturbation our second hypothesis is that plan or function perturbation rule is still in greater after tax than Duerson function provision in order to test these hypotheses subjects' walked on the split Bell treadmill while wearing the power it is for each subject completed to fifteen minute trials and each trial is broken up into three five minute regions five minutes of powered off five minutes of powered on and five minutes of power off again during this power and on region planner flexion or door simple action heard a patient was given from terminal swing through loading response for each cycle random get cycles were selected as catch trials in did not receive a herd of patients for a full cycle perturbation order was randomized for each subject to parrot info used in the study gave a source of functional planner flexion moment with the pneumatic actually enter and use compressed liquid. Carbon dioxide as the power source actuation timing and magnitude was tuned for each subject E.M.T. kinetic and kinematic variables were collected during our study into the surface electrodes were placed according to this and am guidelines a European standard. However for this study only muscles of the lower legs were analyzed the M.G. data was full wave rectifier filtering and then divided into six functional phases adapted from the Jacqueline Perry tax base I was calculated from the last twenty eight cycles of the power off region at different days I was calculated for each month and for each gave us all and she was then normalized to its respective beats on the data bars in the figure here represent the mean of twenty gauge cycles means normalized C.M.G. Please note that the analyzed regions will be discussing today are not equally spaced throughout time their results section will focus on the engineers sponsors of the typical US anterior mediocre abstract and the lines muscles the next few slides will be discussing changes seen between power off one and power on regions in all the figures I'll be presenting the black bars represent changes of B. and G. due to the duress inflection perturbation and the wipers represent changes due to plan or function in the to be as interior observable changes were noted in all six visas. However there was a trend planner flexion perturbation resulted in an increase of B.M.G. activity for all pieces of the gate cycle. Except for mid swing during. Swing Durso flexion perturbation resulted in an increase of the energy you know here in the media gas traps and the lightest muscles Dorce a fraction and planner function perturbations result in an increase in the energy during stand speeds during swing phase however the empty response with these dependent planets function heard of Asian resulted in increased activity during pre-selling initial swing activity visas and decrease of B.M.G. activity during the mid swing the effects of course of lection perturbation were opposite these graphs represent the changes for the media got shocks so less muscle was very similar to me gosh it sounds wrong side for the next Lions will be distressing changes between para one and power of two regions. These are our two blue regions and here is where we will be discussing the after effects for the to the gallows and here is the last muscles and media gastritis plan or function perturbation resulted in increase of E.M.T. activity even after the power was turned off during priest swing initial swing and a decrease in B.M.G. activity during the mid swing Visa's these results were offset for the duress of progressive action heard a shift in summary plan of action heard of Asian resulted in an increase in B.M.G. activity during that powered on region for all muscles investigated and all phases of the gave cycle. Except for mids this partially confirms hypothesis one. Hypothesis to have over. However was not confirmed planner flexion endorse a functional herd of Asians resulted in an increase of the N G R A change to be an activity that lasted into the power off to region. These were that after facts that only existed in certain gave visas pre-selling initial swing and missing bases exhibited greater than twenty five percent of continued activity chain initial contact loading response and stance Viz is also incipit after effects but to a lesser degree our results suggest that the swing phases more adept at exhibiting after effects than Stansby another observation we were noted is the power on activity exhibited either of drugs or gradual changes when that powered was first given we found that gradual changes during the powered on region resulted in greater after effects during the power off to region previous studies. I saw a similar results to our study possible and of explanations for the injury responses we saw were stretched reflexes Co contraction fifty sensory our friends and a balanced correction of all the different kinematic kinetic and muscular our future direction for this work would be to investigate the influence of these different factors look closer at the N.G. during the catch trials and relate the empty to kinematic and kinetic there was in conclusion perturbations given through terminal swing through loading a response with this power to F.O. resulted in a change of B.M.G. activity while the power was given and even after the power is turned off in the. Worth it just need to be able to design their power to those with certain perturbations so that they can elicit desire after that thereby increasing their rehab potential for their patients. These are my references some picture of Francis and I like to think that calling people for their continued encouragement and support and for and that she's here somewhere. My saving grace when I did a press and this material was based on the work supported by the compact and efficient fluid power. Thank you for your attention and I'd like to open up the floor for any questions. So we can take a couple questions. Ferrara right on with prosody research for us here all the research here you know I haven't but any good. I've heard from other practitioners that after a small amount or after training created while using the walking their patients were able to continue their rehab and live daily life without even using the device. So it's a good thing to add when it comes to research but I'm not sure that we're wrong or right so if you look at it it looks like that device might wait a little bit more. It's as though you have somebody walking around the river we might already be right there are still the same response to be looking to your respective respective Yeah. Our our from. We didn't compare no info to they are air for which did have the extra weight but we are baseline condition was when this subject was wearing the airflow without the power given. So all the changes were due to the power being given not really to the way of the device and it was wearing they have photo for as one of the pilot studies and he did notice that as soon as the power was turned on you could feel as if the device wasn't really weighing you down but if the power was not given it was more difficult to walk. OK thank you very much. Rod and George for one more question of right or wrong yet I think it's really interesting to have a dynamic type of ortho sis or press that device for the person to be wearing because our bodies are considered constantly changing and just because we were affected by some neurological injury that doesn't mean that learning can never hurt again which is why I'm really interested in this economy.