He is the Brock family chair and
Georgia Research Alliance eminent

scholar in the department of
biomedical engineering at Georgia Tech

we're especially pleased to welcome him
here as a colleague in chemical and

biological or engineering since he holds
joint appointments in both chemistry and

biochemistry and in chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering.

Dr Shaw received a B.S. degree in chemical
physics from the University of Science and

Technology of China and M.S. in
Inorganic Chemistry from the University of

Pennsylvania where he worked
with Alan MacDermid and a Ph D.

in physical chemistry from Harvard
where I work with George Whitesides.

Now Dr Shaw began his academic career
at the University of Washington

in Seattle and subsequently
moved to Washington University

in St Louis so
I thought about that for a while and

wondered you know what's what's this
juxtaposition of terms here and and

what we think that what must have happened
is a flight must have been missed both so

he thought that he was going to
university or Washington that somehow he

went to Washington University decided
he liked it in St Louis and so and so

state here in any case we are glad his
latest flight brought him to Atlanta.

Dr Charles received a very large number of
prestigious awards I don't have time to go

through the list of them but I do want to
hit a couple of highlights he's received

an N.S.F. early career development award
American Chemical Society Victor Caleb

Merrill Ward American Chemical Society
Leo Hendrick faithful and award.

The N.I. director's Pioneer Award and

most recently he was selected for
the American Chemical Society award in

the chemistry of materials he will receive
that in two thousand and thirteen.

Dr show is an associate
editor of nano letters and

he currently serves on
the advisory board of a.

Another journals he's had a most prolific
research record already he's published

more than five hundred articles mostly in
the area of nanomaterials synthesis and

processing and the application of
nanomaterials to biomedical and

to environmental research so please join
me in welcoming Dr you know on shore

to C.H.P. and to our two thousand and
twelve seminar series

Thank you.

Thanks for the introduction and I hope I
still have forty five minutes to get in

my talk I will try my best
to speed up I have a.

Microphone.

So you have heard I'm a chemist
a by training so for almost like

ten years our research was focused on that
the Zionists and this is of nanomaterials

Vai's well control a size in the shapes I
want tell you why everything in that and

then about five years got interested
in exploring the applications so

that's why I decided to switch from
chemistry to Mom had to go in during it so

that's a reason I went to Washington
University in San Luis I joined a medic

and an independent over there so that's
also explain the title all my fault going

from chemistry to nano and eventually
to all bomb medical research and

I will research has been mainly focused on
matter nanostructures on end of Christus

because if we look at a table
more than like a seventy or

eighty percent elements Madis and
most of them have already find.

Potations I can show you many example
US Bond let me use just a platinum

OK to demonstrate this
if you have a car then

you have a catalytic converter in it and
then you have a platinum catalyst.

OK you can find in the car you drive and
platinum is also used

to manufacture nitric acid which is a very
important chemical one of the top ten.

Of course it can be used for making all
fertilizers explosives and so on so for

us it's also the catalyst used
on Catherine and of fuel cells

to speed up this chemical reaction so
we can have a high current density but

for Platinum Actually it's a various
cost material that deposition or O.C. is

really limited If so that's why we always
fun too bad a way to use this material so

in this kind of applications we have
to of course make the particle us as

small as possible so we can have the
highest specific surface areas at the same

time we also are interested in making this
nano particles in different shapes so

you basically you can the facets
exposed on there so face so

you can achieve the maximum on
the maybe highest activity for

a specific chemical reaction so
you can really reduce the loading of this

material so in this case size and
shape of control.

Very important when you make this
then a crispness on a particular and.

Matters they also have very interesting
optical properties you might be familiar

with this because there are a few groups
on this campus also working on this topic

and as we know for gold you for you make
gold as a very tiny party curse like a ten

to one hundred man a meeting diameter no
longer have these yellowish color you're

most to familiar ways instead of the I'm
going to take this beautiful ruby red

a color should know by here and that was
first discovered a by Michael Faraday

in more than one hundred fifty years
ago when he had very simple math for

making gold color Oit's all codes
also special gold nanoparticle and

it's all been remarkably
his origin a sample us out.

Well preserved and the problem.

OK All right that whatever so
basically this demonstrates the.

Stability of the suspension for gold as
we know it's very hard to oxidize them so

basically you can keep the gold in
the atomic form at same time this he added

polymers at that time he finds some OK
robbers to add into this suspension so

basically he can keep
this suspicion stable and

no days you can still find them at
the market Museum in London and.

It took another fifty years as a for
people to really understand why

this suspension had this beautiful
red a color instead of this golden

yellow color it turned out to be related
to our service prozbul resonance and

our street over here as we know for
gold and other Metallica nanoparticles you

have very high density of
conducting electrons in it and

when you shine a light onto this part
because of course these free electrons

would be able to feel this electrical fear
so as a result they are going to dance or

oscillate together to have this
kind of pour right zation So

whenever you change the direction of
this electrical field of course the poor

resolution of this crowd of we're
also going to be change and this.

Scattering and absorption there's two
phenomena if we added these two together

we're going to have this so
it's possible resonance so typically

this kind of scattering and bizarre
watching let me explain for Scatman

are basically you have a light coming
scattered into all different directions at

the same frequency or wavelengths So
that's the scattering and if.

You have a light to come in a bizarre but
and convert it into heat or

vibration of the crystal lattice so in
that case we're going to have photon two

phone conversion you're going to
have this absorption so typically.

This kind of obvious present resonance
years ago to be the strongest

at the particular wavelengths or
frequency and.

The nanometer in diameter actually
the strongest position is there at

five hundred twenty nanometers So this
storm not dissolved explains why these

suspension have these beautiful radicality
because if we shine white light on

to this a spanking portion of the light it
will be absolved by the a suspension and

what you're going to observe is going to
be the light and long will be able to use

That's complimentary to the light
to be absorbed by this particle so

that experience of very well and I want to
point out is really the cross sections for

this scattering and I was optioned
components typically there one million

times stronger compared to molecular
species so if you compare one particular

fifteen then I mean in diameter to organic
across the forest and they enhanced

man that could be almost like a one
million times OK so you can just keep

idiocy in mind because we're going to come
back to some of these applications so

in this case of course people are always
allowed to fund the ways to tune for

us and what the position of this resonance
peaks and also the magnitudes and

the scattering So basically you can
have a better way to control that so

if it's possible resonance properties so

in this case that tell me that the shape
is a very useful parameter to work

with this in this case as you can see with
the a some calculation a few years ago for

C O one nanocrystals is a cubic and
a triangular and had to hit a shape

as you can see over here if we keep
it out there mention the same about

forty nanometer in diameter if we
just change the shape forms feel for

example two of these triangular plate
you can see the peak of position

could be shifted all the way from four
hundred to eight hundred nanometers so

you can see the dramatic shift we've just
seen but it changes the dimensions and

also the number of peaks is
also going to be different

in this case it's a really determined
by the symmetry of the pie.

Because for Spears It has the highest
the symmetry that's why you only have one

on the peak and four Coopers actually you
can think about at least the different

directions directions to polarize the
electrons so that's why you how multiple

peaks in this case so in this case a gain
control is a very important and this

level control is also important for other
applications such as surface enhanced or

Raman because when they have what we
apologize is the electrons you're going to

generate very strong localized electrical
fields so that if we have a molecule and

this region Ashbery there Rama scattered
across sessions could be enhanced

significantly and in particular if we
control their shape you can also mean

new parade are they enhanced meant
actually fewer if you compare this to this

cubic shape party because you can see
this is that enhanced in the factor for

the electric field So basically
you can see this almost like a ten

times difference over here this is
going to be very significant a force.

Because in that case the cross-section
is going to be a proportion

of the field the handsome and
rich to the power of four so

if you have ten times difference over
here for why my signal is going to be.

Enhanced meant so in this case again I
want to just reinforce the concept that

shape control is a very important.

So here is the starting point for
our research when we

when I show the examples I talk about
a gold I talked about a platinum but

actually when we choose to do research
actually with didn't always platinum or

gold instead of instead of we start with
OK when those if you got us there were

a matter of cost typically you probably
were feel bad because it's not as good as

gold medal OK but I had to point out for
sea over it does have many

interesting properties and they can be to
go to very easily for many applications I

just want to show you the list over here
for example as the other has the highest.

The stomach and activity is the best
among all matters and in terms of

service problem arising in the field
has a ROM and is true applications as.

OK it's also going to be ten
times as bad always cold and

also see over has these and the microbial
capabilities for example in Asia

in the times people had no refrigerators
to use they had to put the mix in see

a way US and civil ions can be leased out
from the surface of a cure bacteria so

basic can keep a milk fresh for
a long time so that's and

the unique are probably OK to force
one goat and also I said we know.

Very important the rules in these
technology of course not it's

not important anymore but

the thing about like a few decades ago
actually this is really important and

the seal mirrors of course always refer
to light a better than Golda Meir OS and

in this case I can introduce it like
a Q factor a comparison of Q factors

when you make devices although given the
matters in this case you can see a sea of

a really stands out as the best candidate
for all the application is OK The Q.

factor is the highest also the broadest
of variance OK OK wrench of a wrist so

it's really the best choice and also I
want to point out as your SEO is much much

less expensive compared to you platinum
gold or these are no matters and

when I started our research like fifteen
years ago I was just Assistant Professor

you can imagine how to the money I had and
point OK so that's why we.

See you go because you can
really do a lot of and

this is trial lot of experiments
which is not a warning about

the money you had to spend so
that's the first assume this is.

About fourteen years ago it took.

Again it or inorganic Actually let's say
this way is known as the silver mirror.

Does used to test if a compound the has
added in it OK if you mix this is.

Complex if you form China see a mirror
you can tell your professor you have

these allergies compound if we reduce
the concentration of these regions and

we also add some part of most
of the system basically this

Adams will be able to nucleate only
inside the solution on the not on

the surface of the ration contender so
in this case we able to make this

work choroid OK Is suspension
in water when we took a look at

this particles in this solution by T.M.
actually it is actually one of the typical

images we obtain at that time we
are pops I will first paperweight

claim this is the uniform on of this post
sample but actually there was cheating but

sometimes have no choice you had to
get your paper published in a hurry so

we look at this later we find
that this particular As I have

to say OK is really call it is first I
can challenge you to fun to particular

us from the sample that warehouse same
size or shape at it's impossible so

it's a puff and we look at it and
we thought about that we find that

this is really due to the way the Adam's
come together to form Christers

want to form twin defects always and
these twins could be pretty random if

a ration is too fast and that means
some particles may have no twins at all

some may have one twenty five to two
three four All these are possible so

as a result the final product is
going to be very poorly dispersed so

to solve this issue out we had to find
ways to slow down this through action so

instead of take these two originals and

makes them we took at different
approach in these cases we use this

so-called aporia also in the series that
has been a run for quite a long time in

this case we use acid and cry called
Ok this compound we heat up in L..

Decrease it can be oxidized
slowly to generate.

Height is a cry for
al to hire to conserve reduce an agent.

And a former C.E.O. ADAMS So

from this approach to this ration
shown over here basically you split

this rationing into two steps in the first
that would just make this repack ten and

then the sex that we are going to use this
with attendant to make us your ADAMS So.

In this case we can easily control this
reduction kinetics OK because this or

that attend is going to be
generated in the first step and

then will be used right away so
basic concentration of this retyped and

can be key at relatively low level that
is going to be more or less constant So

that's why we can have much better way to
control on this reduction kinetics and

then we can easily control the.

Nucleation and the gross passageways
eventually we can make a one nano Christus

is all different a shape that's what
I'm going to show you next slide so

basically it was when we used.

To call heat up in the very
early stage this silver

class to be formed because
you're going to have.

Generated they're going to start to
aggregate they may also incorporate some.

Small cost us this is something
we refer to as nuclei but

this nuclei won't be about to take a fixed
the structure because the temperature we

use is about like a one sixty degrees that
well fracture eight of the structures or

the palm and we have at.

Our in this or an Adams to this nuclei

eventually back into form something much
bigger We call this the seats OK from new

cry to see it's actually they may have
a number of different passageways or

options and they may become single
Christus as I have mentioned they may have

a single tween defat incorporated and
they may have five to in Defect

incorporate all this are going to be
possible in this case we just use this as.

Multiple tween structures so all of this
actually is going to be possible and

then from this different type of
seeds we will be able to generate to

define the products from the seed
we're going to make cubes and

from this single twin the seeds we're
going to make of this pyramid and

from what that what when see that
we're going to just to make it this

beautiful pentathlon on nano Why was this
five for symmetry for this nanowires So

here just show you some images of this and
of course the seed and this is

a multiple tweens to just confirm OK We
do have this kind of a twenty in it so

now this kind of on the end of Christmas
and this is a more or less like Nick and

this is OK So basically they're painted
on the into medias the final product

of course are all going to be possible OK
The only difference of course is going to

be that you know it's OK which one
is going to be the dominant and

which one is going to be the byproduct
it to not to be that this is

what the twin seed much easier
to form because of the SO

phase of this seat is going to be
dominated by a one on one facet that tend

to be more stable compared to this one
facet on this single Krista seed so

that's why if we just run this we're
actually in days away typically you

are going to form what that will to unseat
and eventually you're going to fall

nanowires that's going to be the easiest
product for this type of and

we did that basically you can see
over here are we can easily make C.

one nano while it's in
large quantities but

the most importantly I want to point out
is not really that they are purity or

they are uniformity it's really
the a cross-section of strewn over here.

If you just do T.M. in T.M. or as in
studies you probably won't miss some very

important information over here until we
really break some of these nanowires and

then look at the across that you can
see the pentagonal cross-section So

this really is the key for us to really

figure out the course mechanism OK they're
not so if you look in cross-section on.

Well it's really it is a pentagonal
process and gave us this OK we can really.

Elucidate the mechanism and what they'll
say about nanowires actually intend to be

pretty useful as I said they're the most
conductive matter OK in the same

time if you make them small enough you can
have them maintain high transparency in

the visible region so basically there's
a company in Bay Area that has a license I

would take a knowledge of for quite a
while the dispersant is the one nano wires

in the polymer matrix and
then you can spin coded on to.

Trade to really fabricated transparent and

the fraction were substrates
that can be used for like.

Four days fordable to spray units so
actually if your interest after you can

take a look at this company's a website
to a fun song formation they already have

some of these products are actually
I incorporate into our sun smartphone

smartphone so that's actually it's a very
interesting every patient OK so for

c I want to analyze these in the more or
less the dominant product

controlled by someone dynamics is a very
easy to make them in large quantities and

how about the C A one and
the Keeps as a set of this and

it is going to be higher come this
compared with this model what we can seat

so in a sense is not going to be so
easy to make a dent in large quantities so

we have to find the ways to beat someone
dynamics in this case we introduce action

OK just like a corrosion this kind of
thing you're familiar with is if you have.

Left in you are going to have if you
have a match right in there this.

Will form this on off site same
thing where happen if we add

a little bit a call right
into the our senses and

this car right it can be a combined
four oxygen coming from L two for

my action this action can at
Tech see over Adams or C. one.

Christus or seats so

basically when the form this a mixture
of different types of seats.

And where about to attack them but
when they do this kind of attack and

I'm sure you have learned this in chemical
engineering you have some selectivity

basically these twin defects
be the most likely sites for

the Russian to occur so basically you can
have zero either way too you can rid of

all these tween the seats selectively
attacking these single Krista seats so

this single crystal seats accumulate and
eventually they are going

to become the dominant species so
in a sense this truth when the seeds and

the products be back they are going to
be oxidized that will be reduced and

they have to follow this single crystal
passed away so you are going to generate

a one man I may try to convince you.

But here is a typical images taken by the
student of Ben Wyatt a who is a fact and

you cannot actually he's a chemical
engineering student well he's spent quite

some time in the lab in the early days
trying to figure out what's really going

on because at that point the way we're
very frustrated sometimes we can make

steel when I was on other days about going
to make it was not really reproducible and

he find that one able he makes
the solutions here the opposite

of this yellow right away about ten
minutes into that and in this case of

course indicates the formation of C O one
nano particles but this one nano particles

confirmed by T.M. imaging OK On
the other we're just into question.

Typically tween so you can see this
kind of twin defects in it and

what's interesting was
that when he waited for

about seven hours basically this
reaction became almost like

clear in terms of color
instead of becoming color So

what does this mean is that the C O
one nano particles in the solution.

We've been oxidized into say well I.

OK And so that's why the number
of particles in the solution

was decreasing instead of increasing the
time this is due to oxidative action and

then he waited for
almost like two days in the lab he didn't.

See the state in the lab so

that's why they were like chemical
engineering students this interview very

Asian or the times so basically figure
out that the yellow color came back again

OK And then he looked at the particular
inside their solution to find that they're

all single Christus OK does note when
the particles anymore in the solution so

the olden days forty four hours
you have this oxidative in basic

This lets remove all the twin particles
and this single crystal wants just keep

accumulating with time eventually become
the dominant species in the solution

we can also watch this by spectroscopy
matters because there's still one

particular showed this a typical results
in peak so it's possible resonance so

you can see at the beginning is a very
strong and then what drop of his time so

that also indicates the concentration of
pot because decrease with time in this

case so of course this system is pretty.

Fundamental studies because it is so slow
you can really take a sample us out of

a so you do and that a says you
can do take a spectral you can do.

But it's really not that good or for real
applications in that case this rushing is

too slow after forty four hours is
just to have some truncated not even

the cubes are being formed and also four
students of course the I didn't like it

these too slow OK so
that's why we keep improving.

And the later point we find that when we
at Hydro car ride instead of sitting in

car ride this direction
could be significantly.

Speeded up OK So you these kids for

example at the twin particles could be
asked computer at about like a two hours

and then after like a fifteen hours
are we can get a way out if we have a C.

of one nano cubes and
we can also lead to a civil Natica keep.

If you just keep adding one nitrate
to it so eventually you can make

just one nano Q So basically you can
easily control the size of this cube form

like a twenty five man and he does all the
way to seven hundred nanometers OK just by

controlling the course in this case and
this Russian of course is much better

than the previous one because we only
need a like a pencil out was to make a C.

when they're not very slow but don't
forget to look at this data over here

does two Southern five and then a few
years ago a further improvement but

I don't have time to show you the data and
now you know I want to make this kind of

C A one man accused of using about half
hour OK So that's the fastest production

product of one man accused not we can
also make about like a point to one

grams of cubes in each batch so that point
to one gram of Cuba at three I'll show you

later some applications is enough
to work with like a one hundred.

When we do medical applications so
that refers to

the All State of the for this.

This so.

At the beginning at.

S.S. said I see a way as I was starting
point but of course we don't want to stay.

At a silver for ever so that's why we
always tried to expand extend this

product to define the matters and a couple
of course has been something that has been

very interesting for us and also for many
other research proves it because copper

in that case in a sense is even much much
less expensive compared to what is almost

nothing compared to see over so that's why
we also have been trying very hard about

of course result in this success and
like last year we hit the jackpot and

we fund very unique product to
make a seal the nanowires and

the Nano cubes and the structure and
move forward is a very similar to a C.E.O.

But OK this is like a Pentangle.

Was and they also.

Five or tween defect in it and
turned out to be also much sink.

A case because we only need the water as
the solvent but if we had to use a group

with using Agent at the same time we
had to use these are very important.

That can really tap one or
facet of copper and

make them stable so that's why we
can easily make these nanowires and

also these cubes in fact the product
over have devoured before C.E.O.

but can also have also been
extended to many other matters

over here for example all these
normal Madison can be processed

rail at the find OK by using
the poly Austin this and

the key over here isn't really to control
the pipe as I was seeds we generated

as I said OK if you want to make a cubes
you have to go to a single Chris to see

if you want to make it is going on and
you had to go to.

One seat and also we found the single
twin the cedar will give you days

by Pyramid and
if with this is paid like a seed you have

faults in this direction that were played
like a Christmas on a structure so

OK so all of this actually can be easily
mapped out you just need to pay attention

to the type of season generated
in the new creation step so

that you might ask me why we can
generate this cubes and all octahedron.

Before us all from single Christa Cs So

this is really due to the capping
agent and we add it if.

For example.

The one other facet the final product
is going to be if the capping agent

likes the one one fast the final product
is going to be a doctor hindrance so

that's also going to be.

The most recent work we get.

Group So in this case we instead of using
justice one caught a single step and

this is we divide this into two steps so
for

the first step we only make the seats make
sure we can make a single Krista seize or

multiple Queen seat or can we exhaust
all different ways to make them but

if we had to catch her eyes the maid
is there to make sure they are single

crystal on what about Quincy and
then we are going to mix them.

More precursor and
also the specific captain a gent and

then we can see where you can engineer
the shapes as shown over here

we start with the same type of seat
a single crystal silver for us and

when we add a silver nitrate of his
escort asked is there reducing aid and

OK all this is that was
done in water when we use

sodium citrate should
a group of us be over here

see a one on one facet of more than one
of acid so you have this selective so

basically difficult is it going to
be sealed octahedron when we do

experiment reprising is sodium
citrate that with a P.V.P.

P.P. is the one we have been using for
this one no facet So

in this case the final product is going
to be enclosed by this one other facet so

that as for exactly the case we
did this analysis one over here

this is a single Chris to
see that we start a ways and

this is a product up to here tend in
the presence of sodium citrate and

here years basically the product of
cube shape when we have a P.V.P.

added So actually from like a few years
ago actually people start to always

use it is a similar course instead a one
steps in this is to make well control and

where the fun of Christus
because in this case we can

just pay attention to a seat in the first
step and then pay attention to capping and

the shape selected would be in the second
the steps so actually this is going to be

almost like one hundred percent a year and
this is not OK.

You don't really have any
other impurities in it and

this kind of surface Kevin is also very
interesting because there are surface

capping has selectivity in terms of
Facet basically this can allow us

to make our site selective grows so for

example when we have the trunk of
the cube S our seat if we can somehow

Procket this one though facet and then
when you grow onto this seed basically

this grows are going to be located on
the edge of corners or edges right so

after this is something you have
a demonstrated most recently.

The structures so in this case these
are pretty lady whom or rhodium

truncated keeper sees has this one though
facet have been terminated all capped

by a problem I'd OK so it's going to be
in active has already been covered or

poisoned so
only this one long long corners and

the one one zero edges are going to
be reactive for continuous growth so

in this case what we can really make of
this structure here is another example

made of rhodium So what's the unique
thing about this kind of structures

it's really the possibility to
reach some high index facets OK So

in this case for example we can have one
want to fasten expose on the Sophie's And

in this case you may even have like a five
three zero this kind of facet in this.

Expose So basically all this kind of
fast is we found that pretty unique for

certain chemical reactions so
it could be very unique for

you has in the chemical erected this and
even.

Last year actually it will find that you
can have another way to control this

kind of see their growth to see the growth
of just keeping in mind is really

is something very hot in this and then
of course the community because you can

do all thoughts all control in this case
all this control after it was almost.

Impossible just like five years ago so
what the way the it over here used to

really control the connectedness and
then we can have an symmetrical so for

example if we look at this because
see the show no but here you have six

equivalent a facet So when you try
to grow on this seed in principle

you should have grow all those six faces
OK so that's going to be a more or

less a highly symmetrical cross so you can
make a cube has become big OK why are but

if we can control the kinetics
basically you can.

Add this Adams to the solution
very slowly hostile to us for

example at any moment in
my only have a few atoms so

this a few atoms is much
the number is smaller than six so

how could you distribute this ADAMS So
as a result of.

This Adams can only go to a few of
these facets it could be just end up

just on one of the six facet or
maybe two or three assuming so far so

that's really something quite exciting
nowadays example shown over here if

you have a high rate auction rate you can
get how high would actually read you can

have grows on all six faces you have this
metric of mode and then you can have

this slows the one you can only
one Adam been added in a sense so

in this case the rows where only be in
issued on one of the six ways is and

then you can have something to turn
you can have grows on screen faces and

for five all these are possible nowadays
OK so how to control not to be not so

difficult if a chemical engineering
students we just use a syringe pump we can

pump these precursors into
the solution at the specific preset

rate so by controlling that actually we
can achieve all these three different

the gross modes and here just show you
a typical use them just show you the.

Samples that define the course time and
this is the.

The one and this is the fastest one is in
between OK so you can in this case you

can see you do you have this complete
a cautious structure you have rows of.

All six faces all played in and but in
this case the coolness is only limited to

one of the six faces and
this is in-between you're going to have

three of the at the Chase and
faces OK so you have this all.

And symmetrical structures form
which syllable and the Palladium

there's a reason because they can
easy to do elemental mapping by T.M.

OK so you can see which are element
is located in which region so

we can really see that this is the mapping
result you can see that this is.

This is the Palladium you can see you
have these kind of structures form and

these are the structure you have Palladium
seat located at the one of the calmness so

that's my cue with this and symmetric
structure and in this case the Palladium

is completely sent Hood inside
the crusher so that now we have and the.

Freedom to control the structure
is find the Christus and

you can have all different
possibilities so

that's really the most exciting
new result in this field OK So

finally let me show you a few example
about some applications for this and then

a crystal is of course quite how this is
why interest groups we are collaborating

with research groups to explore their
applications in the talus is all electric

at how this is same time we're exploring
the application ball medical research and

in this case we have to do a little
bit transform ation because if you

still remember the slide maybe four slide
I showed you I mentioned to see it is more

radical that other madness in the sense
of what do you call banding replacement

here just to show you one example based
on the call pull off eight if you have.

Immersed in Capas offered a solution
that would be dissolved becomes.

And Koppel would be reduced to become
a cop OK you have a vending replacement So

this is it over here OK so
you can transform cop into cop law in

this case and the same ration is also been
used to make a batteries OK just separate

these rations on to two different doesn't
want to show you some fresh stuff so

we can do the same scene actually so
basically when we introduce civil Namak

into gold color white a solution and
suspending water basically we can have

a convent replacement as a result of C O Y
is going to be is all there become C.

of ions and the gold ons will be
reduced become code Adams OK So

basically there's a go to Adams are going
to be deposited on the surface of this

one nano cubes so eventually we're
going to generate this hall and

the record is gold nano cages and
what's unique about this.

Is that the optical property is quite
different from the solid The particles

are shown at the very beginning that was
made of by Michael Faraday So in that case

the peak resonance peak is pretty much
limited to the visible region about like

a five hundred to six hundred nanometers
sort of the particles but before this

go no cage structure of a show no but here
they can easily in their service present

a resonance peak of positions by control
the thickness of the shell so you can go

from like five hundred nanometers all the
way to twelve hundred nanometers has so

what's the significance over here
is that we can really probe this

in federal region from San one hundred
to nine hundred meters as of in the US

a tissue the tissue actually is not
transparent in the visible region because

human beings have very strong absolving
this region and it's between seven and

I don't know seven hundred enemy
does to one hundred meters we have

this transmitter window for the tissues so
basically if you want to use this.

No cages or nanostructures for bomb magic
applications they had to absorb the light

in the near infrared to read it from seven
hundred to nine hundred ninety meters but

before going and in this case for

going into cages it's very easy to do
as you are so that's why it has been.

A pretty unique problem for us.

So let me show you just quickly
a few examples one you can

function like this going in the cages and
the use of the photo so

many fact that you have absorption of
light convert the heat to really trigger

a drug release OK So in this case you
can put a part of my should know because

this part of the nine parametric
can have different combinations

depending on the temperature
at a high temperature.

Collapse from formation at a low
temperature it has this loose extended

conformation when we attach one end of
this Parliament to the surface of cone and

OK just to form this
appalling Well precious so

that can brought this horse very well
basically can have drugs all in capturing

the result of being released and now when
we hit this go no cage with a new name for

the laser basically there's a light it can
be a result by this cage convert to heat

so this he'd OK increase the temperature
in the surrounding base or

where trigger the confirmation of change
so the horse away be opened dramatically

OK suddenly and
the drug West to diffuse out so

basic can have this kind of release and
we have demonstrated this for

molecules within this size you can see
over here this is the radiation basically

when even Chris the radiation in time
after the drug will slowly and come out OK

so this is why it's just a matter of we
can have a control in terms of heart much

drug isn't released and if a hormone
we wanted to release OK here just as

you can see when they already have relied
it is going in a cage you're going to

have confirmation a change drug West
to come out when you stop the radiation

everything but
go back to the original confirmation so

the drugs were being captured again OK So
we have this on demand.

Controlled Release system for

this system of course it's quite a unique
it's also useful but the problem is once

we're part of the as part of us on the
surface the cold so freeze is destroyed

actually as we know gold is interesting
for a bomb medical application because we

can easily modify the surface you can have
a cold of this kind of binding we can use

to put the function of groove
on the surface but in this case.

Is destroyed you won't be able to use that
again so that's why we start to look at

other options in this case we look at
something we call phase change materials

this is not shown over here this is
a patch actually it could be also.

Ask you this is also fine for
this kind of short chain or

launch an echo hall fatty acid actually
this kind of molecules are compatible or

some of them could be easily finding
our bodies OK they have this unique low

melting point as they are mounting points
could be easily formulated very close to

our body temperatures so below this
point they're in the sort of a state so

you can imagine you can have drugs in
capsulated one be able to diffuse out

that diffusion slewed the Salida
matrix is going to be very slow

high about when we heat
up the system there is.

Some Way fact this P.C.M.

west out to Melbourne once they're
mad become liquid then drop west and

come out more quickly OK so you can have
this controller Lilly's in this case and

what's unique about this is to me
is that you can just to help P.C.M.

loaded inside the go in a cage you
don't have anything on the surface so

we can still preserve the go to surface or
so it's modification so

you can that's another advantage you can
put a different unit on the SO face and

we have demonstrated this over here you
can use the dies to do the release or

you can see for this particular P.C.M.
molecule they have a melting point so

a decrease so that's why at the room
temperature you don't really have

any release over five alone time OK And
because the diffusion are molecules.

It is very slow and when we move closer
to the melting point it's thirty seven

degrees or you start to have some melting
maybe a little bit on the surface and

so that's why you have a little bit
a release for this dye only when you reach

temperature beyond the melting point and
then you're going to have more stick for

the release of all these trucks and
this release could be all and all and

all of Manipur the temperature OK So
that's basically are pretty easy if we can

also work with different dice may have
different the solubility in this P.C.M.

the self can also be engineered OK you
can choose different function of grooves

to work with different kind of drugs OK so
that's actually quite a unique feature

also would demonstrate that instead of
using laser or to heat up the system

you can use ultrasound OK or just on
a can also be I was over by a mad and

a convert to heat so in this case of
a use a high for high intensity focused

ultrasound to do this kind of release
basically you can see when they will you

have this ultrasonic radiation
you're going to have a drug and

you can control the power of these you
can control your reduce Paul fights so

this actually is a probably
more useful system compared to

those based on this polymer
chains on the surface so

that's why this is the code of focus
group trying to develop this imaging.

Drug release.

So in fact before going on OK just I
didn't get to talk about that basically

they have other functions to for medical
applications for example they can be used

for imaging purpose because they can scan
a lined up as I will I do very strongly so

they can be used as a contrast agent for
imaging.

And they can even have a two for
them and three for

the luminescence also provides capability
to see them inside the cells or

inside tissues so that can be used for
imaging applications and

then they have these are photo somebody
fed they can convert light into heat.

To increase the temperature if the
temperature is increased to beyond like

forty two degrees of
course that would die so

we're so that's why we have
this therapeutic effect So

basically you can combine all of this to
make something we called there are gnostic

applications they can do is therapy they
can do diagnostics and so and so forth but

they're all combined into one system so
that's why this is.

Basically like a right.

Research Group and here to show you some
examples you have seen this already it is

a drug release system and
here you have a photo so

many fact this is actually
the temperature inside that can be

significantly increased
by using a laser to.

Heat up with the girl in a cage and
this is a four.

For further coup stick actually
once it is going in a cage

accumulate inside the tumor this is
a man on the we can see this tumor

very clearly actually even is pretty
low concentration of going on Acadia So

there's a very exciting product form for
all this on nanomedicine applications and

of course if you want you can also have
drugs loaded you can have a combination of

this cone and a cage and
chemotherapy all of these have become.

Exclusive to each other OK so I hope I
gave you some idea about what we are doing

my office in the lab and the sort of
of this building OK if you're really

interested you can start by going to talk
about some possible collaboration and

maybe so the message to one of the about
you is really that chemistry is a very.

Important Central.

For many many other areas but

in my mind the chemical engineering
is also part of chemistry we don't

mind that OK And in this case as you can
see a chemistry does allow us to do a lot

of interesting things by using some very
simple chemistry we learned from chemistry

high school chemistry All example we
can really have good control over.

The size shape or
properties of nanomaterials and

then we can optimize their application
performance in different types of

applications I hope you agree with me
our chemistry is important thing finally

of course I want to acknowledge that
people really updated us a little bit but

still want to just show their pictures.

In terms of funding these those
improved current research grants and

those of course already expired
by this very important rule

in my career development I said that's
why I want to acknowledge them and

finally wonder just thank you I will
be more than happy to answer a question

THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK

YOU.

Yeah.

Yes good point actually so
in this case of course in this particular

publication we only demonstrate this three
exam person OK you have a course on one

of the faces and you have a three and
a chest in the face is how we do receive

this Adams OK you have this and symmetric
worse of course for this then but

you might also have a small
portion I cannot say no OK now

small portion my have crossed on to other
faces we have a paper just probably will

come out in a few weeks in checks and that
we look at all one two three four five or

different numbers of faces cause
it does seem to be feasible but

you have to have a better control in
terms of the rates it's possible.

But again all this analysis
we have to rely on T.M. So

that means you can only look at.

Maybe fifty part of curse one hundred
particles it's impossible to look

at Saddam's all particles
that's just impossible so

that's a sort of like
a limitation we have of course.

Here's really.

Yes.

Yes So here is.

The answer for every three.

You.

Know.

Chemical rounds or.

Yes actually if you look at the students
in my cube I have through major

coops one is focusing on seat formation
and that is focusing on those steps for

C. It's actually now we don't know too
much how we can control that we just try

all different combinations all
the products and of course some of them

will be very good for making single
Christa seat some of them is go to for

making multiple twin seed single twin A C.
So that's something.

Very hard to control but
once we have the control over seas for

quite a step we know
a lot much better OK so

we can have.

So many and none sings in that
one thing I want to point out is

this impurities sins so I mentioned in
my talk I say when we make a cubes and

why it's a beginning it was a very very.

Hard to control and
to predict and the reason is that

there's a car ride in some of the S.
and cry called batches OK So

depending you bought this batch of S.
and prior call and

from which company and
even the lot number.

The results are going to be different
it's pretty random at the big.

And because we didn't know you
have a very important war so for

all the solution phrase and this is
that's really the difficult part for

your gas phrase might be better you
can have nine nine point nine or

whatever purity for all the solvents
we use all the chemicals that we use

ninety nine point nine probably
is the highest purity we

can get there's another point zero one
something we don't know really but

that's could be varied and
the most important part of.

A.

Yes.

Not really a we have done a little bit of
calculation in that case maybe you have

some difference in terms of cross-section
for the absorption that's only seen

could be different in that case may
change the dependence on laser power but

O'Boyle it's very close every
change the shape of the cage.

It's not going to be huge
difference minor difference.

So what happens.

Is they were they we haven't done this.

Long term study I had to say most of my so
we have work away is really.

After like a few weeks but in principle
at this goal the shows stay inside.

Body but
the good thing about gold of course

you know that they probably have
one cost and they're saying.

Well one let's put this away.

Also you can buy the.

Drinks you can if you look we have site

you can buy similar drinks to go
to drinks pattern them drinks or

whatever is just the suspension
of the metal nano particles.

The only consequence of people have
observed is really a change of skin color

if you're.

Too much.

Taken this skin will become Brewis color
whatever but I want this guy is to live.

With the new product but of course
we would like to get rid of them.

Yeah actually you can make this Kate
like a smaller building Proxima maybe

like basically for rent a clearance you
need the particles of five an enemy to or

smaller and
then you can get rid of them OK so

this possibility people are looking
at this kind of approach is OK so

after use you can distract
them into smaller pieces and

then they're going to come
in the basic OK now but

that's yeah.

Yeah we can do that yeah
we have done that actually.

This the last image I should over here at
three I didn't get time to talk about in

detail is really the active targeting
system we have have a pious put

on the phone and a kid yes that can target
the Receptus on my own Norma so we can do.

Active targeting in
addition to passive like.

OK.

Yeah this one nano wires have P.V.P.

on the surface that's the polymer
we put on there so for students and

this is they have to remain on
the on the surface of course and

they me in that case they
may change their conduct.

When you try to make it is
the electrodes of course

of course of course some reaction
to most of connectivity but

the force of the phones all these
kind of applications in don't

really need a very high conducts
himself straight so in a sense you.

And they put them in the part
of the matrix Anyway that's

sort of a composite immature and not like
a P R C A one and I was so this conductive

enough to do like touch screen
audience kind of applications Yeah but

definitely yeah that's something
you cannot if you remove this

part of us of course they're going to
oxidize same is true forced copy or

actually if when we remove this I mean
actually they're going to our oxidize

in.

All right thank you thank you again.